MySql 中文参考指南

1.3 MySQL Releases: Innovation and LTS

MySQL 发布模型分为两条主线：LTS（长期支持）和创新。所有 LTS 和创新发布均包括 bug 修复和安全修复，并且被认为是生产级品质。

The MySQL release model is divided into two main tracks: LTS (Long-Term Support) and Innovation. All LTS and Innovation releases include bug and security fixes, and are considered production-grade quality.

图 1.1 MySQL 发行计划

Figure 1.1 MySQL Release Schedule

MySQL LTS Releases

  1. Audience: If your environment requires a stable set of features and a longer support period.

  2. Behavior: These releases only contain necessary fixes to reduce the risks associated with changes in the database software’s behavior. There are no removals within an LTS release. Features can be removed (and added) only in the first LTS release (such as 8.4.0 LTS) but not later.

  3. Support: An LTS series follows the Oracle Lifetime Support Policy, which includes 5 years of premier support and 3 years of extended support.

MySQL Innovation Releases

  1. Audience: If you want access to the latest features, improvements, and changes. These releases are ideal for developers and DBAs working in fast-paced development environments with high levels of automated tests and modern continuous integration techniques for faster upgrade cycles.

  2. Behavior: Apart from new features in innovation releases, behavior changes are also expected as code is refactored, deprecated functionality is removed, and when MySQL is modified to behave more in line with SQL Standards. This will not happen within an LTS release.

行为更改可能会产生很大影响，尤其是在处理任何与应用程序相关的内容（例如 SQL 语法、新的保留字、查询执行和查询性能）时。行为更改可能会需要应用程序更改，这对迁移可能带来很大工作量。我们打算提供必要的工具和配置设置，以使这些过渡更轻松。

Behavior changes can have a big impact, especially when dealing with anything application-related, such as SQL syntax, new reserved words, query execution, and query performance. Behavior changes might require application changes which can involve considerable effort to migrate. We intend to provide the necessary tools and configuration settings to make these transitions easier.

  1. Support: Innovation releases are supported until the next Innovation release.

MySQL Portfolio

MySQL Server、MySQL Shell、MySQL Router、Kubernetes 的 MySQL Operator 和 MySQL NDB Cluster 都有创新版本和 LTS 版本。

MySQL Server, MySQL Shell, MySQL Router, MySQL Operator for Kubernetes, and MySQL NDB Cluster have both Innovation and LTS releases.

MySQL Connectors 只有一个使用最新版本号的版本，但保持与所有受支持的 MySQL Server 版本兼容。例如，MySQL Connector/Python 9.0.0 与 MySQL Server 8.0、8.4 和 9.0 兼容。

MySQL Connectors have one release using the latest version number but remain compatible with all supported MySQL Server versions. For example, MySQL Connector/Python 9.0.0 is compatible with MySQL Server 8.0, 8.4, and 9.0.

Installing, Upgrading, and Downgrading

有两个轨道会影响 MySQL 的安装、升级和降级方式。通常，您选择一个特定的轨道，所有升级都将相应进行。

Having two tracks affects how MySQL is installed, upgraded, and downgraded. Typically you choose one particular track and all upgrades progress accordingly.

在使用官方 MySQL 存储库时，所需轨道在存储库配置中进行定义。例如，在 Yum 中选择 mysql-innovation-community 以安装和升级创新版本，或选择 mysql-8.4-lts-community 以安装和升级 MySQL 8.4.x 版本。

When using the official MySQL repository, the desired track is defined in the repository configuration. For example, with Yum choose mysql-innovation-community to install and upgrade Innovation releases or mysql-8.4-lts-community to install and upgrade MySQL 8.4.x releases.

LTS Notes

功能仍然相同，数据格式在 LTS series 中不变，因此在 LTS 版本内可以进行就地升级和降级。例如，MySQL 8.4.0 可以升级到较新的 MySQL 8.4.x 版本。另有其他升级和降级方法，例如 the clone plugin。

Functionality remains the same and data format does not change in an LTS series, therefore in-place upgrades and downgrades are possible within the LTS series. For example, MySQL 8.4.0 can be upgraded to a later MySQL 8.4.x release. Additional upgrade and downgrade methods are available, such as the clone plugin.

支持升级到下一个 LTS series，例如从 8.4.x LTS 升级到 9.7.x LTS，但不支持跳过 LTS 版本。例如，8.4.x LTS 不能跳过 9.7.x LTS 直接升级到 10.7.x LTS。

Upgrading to the next LTS series is supported, such as 8.4.x LTS to 9.7.x LTS, while skipping an LTS series is not supported. For example, 8.4.x LTS can’t skip 9.7.x LTS to directly upgrade to 10.7.x LTS.

Innovation Notes

创新安装遵循类似的行为，在该行为中，创新版本升级到较新的 Innovation series 版本。例如，MySQL 9.0.0 创新版将升级到 MySQL 9.3.0。

An Innovation installation follows similar behavior in that an Innovation release upgrades to a more recent Innovation series release. For example, MySQL 9.0.0 Innovation would upgrade to MySQL 9.3.0.

主要区别在于，您不能直接在不同主要版本之间升级 Innovation series，例如从 8.3.0 到 9.0.0。相反，请先升级到最近的 LTS 版本，然后再升级到以下创新版本。例如，将 8.3.0 升级到 8.4.0，然后将 8.4.0 升级到 9.0.0，即有效的 upgrade path。

The main difference is that you cannot directly upgrade between an Innovation series of different major versions, such as 8.3.0 to 9.0.0. Instead, first upgrade to the nearest LTS series and then upgrade to the following Innovation series. For example, upgrading 8.3.0 to 8.4.0, and then 8.4.0 to 9.0.0, is a valid upgrade path.

为了帮助简化过渡，官方的 MySQL 存储库将第一个 LTS 版本视为 LTS 和创新版，因此，例如，在您的本地存储库配置中启用创新跟踪后，MySQL 8.3.0 升级到 8.4.0，然后升级到 9.0.0。

To help make the transition easier, the official MySQL repository treats the first LTS release as both LTS and Innovation, so for example with the Innovation track enabled in your local repository configuration, MySQL 8.3.0 upgrades to 8.4.0, and later to 9.0.0.

创新版本降级需要执行逻辑转储和加载。

Innovation release downgrades require a logical dump and load.

Additional Information and Examples

有关其他信息和特定的示例支持方案，请参见 Section 3.2, “Upgrade Paths” 或 Chapter 4, Downgrading MySQL 。它们描述了执行就地更新（以最新软件包替换二进制文件）、逻辑转储和加载（例如使用 mysqldump 或 MySQL Shell’s dump utilities ）、使用 clone plugin 克隆数据，以及在复制拓扑结构中使用 asynchronous replication 的可用选项。

For additional information and specific example supported scenarios, see Section 3.2, “Upgrade Paths” or Chapter 4, Downgrading MySQL. They describe available options to perform in-place updates (that replace binaries with the latest packages), a logical dump and load (such as using mysqldump or MySQL Shell’s dump utilities), cloning data with the clone plugin, and asynchronous replication for servers in a replication topology.