MySql 中文参考指南

Preface and Legal Notices

这是 MySQL 数据库系统 9.0.1 创新版本的参考手册。有关许可信息，请参阅 Legal Notices 。

This is the Reference Manual for the MySQL Database System, for the 9.0.1 Innovation release. For license information, see the Legal Notices.

由于 MySQL 9.0 与早期版本之间存在多个功能差异和其他差异，因此本手册不得与 MySQL 软件的旧版本结合使用。如果您正在使用旧版的 MySQL 软件，请参阅相应手册。例如， MySQL 8.4 Reference Manual 涵盖 MySQL 软件版本的 8.4 修复程序系列。

This manual is not intended for use with older versions of the MySQL software due to the many functional and other differences between MySQL 9.0 and previous versions. If you are using an earlier release of the MySQL software, please refer to the appropriate manual. For example, MySQL 8.4 Reference Manual covers the 8.4 bugfix series of MySQL software releases.

许可信息——MySQL 9.0。本产品可能包含在许可证下使用的第三方软件。如果您使用的是 Commercial 版 MySQL 9.0，请参阅 MySQL 9.0 Commercial Release License Information User Manual 以获取许可信息，包括此商业版本中可能包含的第三方软件相关的许可信息。如果您使用的是 Community 版 MySQL 9.0，请参阅 MySQL 9.0 Community Release License Information User Manual 以获取许可信息，包括此社区版本中可能包含的第三方软件相关的许可信息。

Licensing information—MySQL 9.0. This product may include third-party software, used under license. If you are using a Commercial release of MySQL 9.0, see the MySQL 9.0 Commercial Release License Information User Manual for licensing information, including licensing information relating to third-party software that may be included in this Commercial release. If you are using a Community release of MySQL 9.0, see the MySQL 9.0 Community Release License Information User Manual for licensing information, including licensing information relating to third-party software that may be included in this Community release.

许可信息——MySQL NDB Cluster 9.0。本产品可能包含在许可证下使用的第三方软件。如果您使用的是 Commercial 版 MySQL NDB Cluster 9.0，请参阅 MySQL NDB Cluster 9.0 Commercial Release License Information User Manual 以获取许可信息，包括此商业版本中可能包含的第三方软件相关的许可信息。如果您使用的是 Community 版 MySQL NDB Cluster 9.0，请参阅 MySQL NDB Cluster 9.0 Community Release License Information User Manual 以获取许可信息，包括此社区版本中可能包含的第三方软件相关的许可信息。

Licensing information—MySQL NDB Cluster 9.0. This product may include third-party software, used under license. If you are using a Commercial release of MySQL NDB Cluster 9.0, see the MySQL NDB Cluster 9.0 Commercial Release License Information User Manual for licensing information, including licensing information relating to third-party software that may be included in this Commercial release. If you are using a Community release of MySQL NDB Cluster 9.0, see the MySQL NDB Cluster 9.0 Community Release License Information User Manual for licensing information, including licensing information relating to third-party software that may be included in this Community release.

Legal Notices

License Restrictions

本软件及相关文档在许可协议下提供，该协议包含使用和披露方面的限制，并受知识产权法的保护。除许可协议中明确允许或法律允许的情况外，您不得以任何形式或任何方式使用、复制、复制、翻译、广播、修改、许可、传输、分发、展示、表演、公布或显示任何部分。除非法律出于互操作性要求，否则禁止对本软件进行逆向工程、反汇编或反编译。

This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited.

Warranty Disclaimer

这里包含的信息如有更改，恕不另行通知，并且不保证没有错误。如果您发现任何错误，请以书面形式向我们报告。

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing.

Restricted Rights Notice

如果这是交付给美国政府或代表美国政府对其进行许可的任何人的软件、软件文档、数据（如联邦采购条例中定义）或相关文档，则适用以下通知：

If this is software, software documentation, data (as defined in the Federal Acquisition Regulation), or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, then the following notice is applicable:

美国政府最终用户：Oracle 程序（包括任何操作系统、集成软件、在交付的硬件上嵌入、安装或激活的任何程序，以及此类程序的修改）、Oracle 计算机文档或其他 Oracle 数据，交付给或由美国政府最终用户访问，均为“商业计算机软件”、“商业计算机软件文档”或根据适用的联邦采购条例和特定于机构的补充规定而制定的“有限权利数据”。因此，使用、复制、复制、发布、显示、披露、修改、准备衍生作品和/或改编 i) Oracle 程序（包括任何操作系统、集成软件、在交付的硬件上嵌入、安装或激活的任何程序，以及此类程序的修改）、ii) Oracle 计算机文档和/或 iii) 其他 Oracle 数据，应遵守适用的合同中包含的许可证中规定的权利和限制。管制美国政府使用 Oracle 云服务的条款由此类服务的适用合同定义。不对美国政府授予任何其他权利。

U.S. GOVERNMENT END USERS: Oracle programs (including any operating system, integrated software, any programs embedded, installed, or activated on delivered hardware, and modifications of such programs) and Oracle computer documentation or other Oracle data delivered to or accessed by U.S. Government end users are "commercial computer software," "commercial computer software documentation," or "limited rights data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, reproduction, duplication, release, display, disclosure, modification, preparation of derivative works, and/or adaptation of i) Oracle programs (including any operating system, integrated software, any programs embedded, installed, or activated on delivered hardware, and modifications of such programs), ii) Oracle computer documentation and/or iii) other Oracle data, is subject to the rights and limitations specified in the license contained in the applicable contract. The terms governing the U.S. Government’s use of Oracle cloud services are defined by the applicable contract for such services. No other rights are granted to the U.S. Government.

Hazardous Applications Notice

此软件或硬件是针对各种信息管理应用程序的通用用途开发的。它并未针对任何本质上危险的应用程序进行开发或计划使用，包括可能造成人身伤害风险的应用程序。如果您在危险的应用程序中使用此软件或硬件，则您应负责采取所有适当的安全措施、备份、冗余以及其他措施，以确保其安全使用。Oracle Corporation 及其关联公司对因在危险的应用程序中使用本软件或硬件而造成的任何损害不承担任何责任。

This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications.

Trademark Notice

Oracle、Java、MySQL 和 NetSuite 是 Oracle 及其关联公司的注册商标。其他名称可能是其各自所有者的商标。

Oracle, Java, MySQL, and NetSuite are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

英特尔和 Intel Inside 是英特尔公司的商标或注册商标。所有 SPARC 商标均在许可下使用，并且是 SPARC International, Inc. 的商标或注册商标。AMD、Epyc 和 AMD 徽标是 Advanced Micro Devices 的商标或注册商标。UNIX 是 The Open Group 的注册商标。

Intel and Intel Inside are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD, Epyc, and the AMD logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group.

Third-Party Content, Products, and Services Disclaimer

本软件或硬件和文档可能提供有关第三方内容、产品和服务的信息或允许访问这些内容、产品和服务。除非您与 Oracle 之间的适用协议另有规定，否则甲骨文公司及其关联公司对此类第三方内容、产品和服务不承担任何责任，并明确否认有关此类第三方内容、产品和服务的任何类型的保证。除非您与 Oracle 之间的适用协议另有规定，否则对于因您访问或使用第三方内容、产品或服务而导致的任何损失、费用或损坏，甲骨文公司及其关联公司概不负责。

This software or hardware and documentation may provide access to or information about content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services unless otherwise set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services, except as set forth in an applicable agreement between you and Oracle.

Use of This Documentation

本文档未根据 GPL 许可证分发。使用本文档须遵守以下条款：

This documentation is NOT distributed under a GPL license. Use of this documentation is subject to the following terms:

您只能出于个人用途创建本文档的打印副本。只要未以任何方式更改或编辑实际内容，则允许转换为其他格式。除非您以类似于 Oracle 分发文档的方式（即通过网站以电子方式下载软件）或在 CD-ROM 或类似介质上分发文档，否则您不得以任何形式或在任何介质上发布或分发本文档，但前提是文档与软件一起在同一介质上分发。任何其他用途，例如分发印刷品或在其他出版物中全部或部分使用本文档，均需获得 Oracle 授权代表的书面事先同意。对于以上未明确授予的本文档的任何和所有权利，Oracle 及其关联公司保留保留所有权利。

You may create a printed copy of this documentation solely for your own personal use. Conversion to other formats is allowed as long as the actual content is not altered or edited in any way. You shall not publish or distribute this documentation in any form or on any media, except if you distribute the documentation in a manner similar to how Oracle disseminates it (that is, electronically for download on a Web site with the software) or on a CD-ROM or similar medium, provided however that the documentation is disseminated together with the software on the same medium. Any other use, such as any dissemination of printed copies or use of this documentation, in whole or in part, in another publication, requires the prior written consent from an authorized representative of Oracle. Oracle and/or its affiliates reserve any and all rights to this documentation not expressly granted above.

Documentation Accessibility

有关 Oracle 对可访问性的承诺的信息，请访问 Oracle Accessibility Program 网站 http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=docacc 。

For information about Oracle’s commitment to accessibility, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program website at http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=docacc.

Access to Oracle Support for Accessibility

购买了支持的 Oracle 客户可以通过 My Oracle Support 访问电子支持。有关信息，请访问 http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=info ，如果您有听力障碍，请访问 _ http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs_ 。

Oracle customers that have purchased support have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. For information, visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=info or visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs if you are hearing impaired.