Postgresql 中文操作指南

createdb

createdb — 创建新的 PostgreSQL 数据库

createdb — create a new PostgreSQL database

Synopsis

createdb [ connection-option …​] [ option …​] [ dbname [ description ]]

createdb [connection-option…​] [option…​] [dbname [description]]

Description

createdb 将创建一个新的 PostgreSQL 数据库。

createdb creates a new PostgreSQL database.

通常情况下，执行该命令的数据库用户将变为新数据库的拥有者。不过，如果执行的用户具有适当的权限，可以通过 -O 选项指定一个不同的所有者。

Normally, the database user who executes this command becomes the owner of the new database. However, a different owner can be specified via the -O option, if the executing user has appropriate privileges.

createdb 是 SQL 命令 CREATE DATABASE 的一个包装器。通过该工具创建数据库与通过其他方法访问服务器创建数据库之间没有实际差异。

createdb is a wrapper around the SQL command CREATE DATABASE. There is no effective difference between creating databases via this utility and via other methods for accessing the server.

Options

createdb 接受以下命令行参数：

createdb accepts the following command-line arguments:

  • dbname

    • Specifies the name of the database to be created. The name must be unique among all PostgreSQL databases in this cluster. The default is to create a database with the same name as the current system user.

  • description

    • Specifies a comment to be associated with the newly created database.

  • -D _tablespace—​tablespace=_tablespace

    • Specifies the default tablespace for the database. (This name is processed as a double-quoted identifier.)

  • -e_—​echo_

    • Echo the commands that createdb generates and sends to the server.

  • -E _encoding—​encoding=_encoding

    • Specifies the character encoding scheme to be used in this database. The character sets supported by the PostgreSQL server are described in Section 24.3.1.

  • -l _locale—​locale=_locale

    • Specifies the locale to be used in this database. This is equivalent to specifying —​lc-collate, —​lc-ctype, and —​icu-locale to the same value. Some locales are only valid for ICU and must be set with —​icu-locale.

  • —​lc-collate=_locale_

    • Specifies the LC_COLLATE setting to be used in this database.

  • —​lc-ctype=_locale_

    • Specifies the LC_CTYPE setting to be used in this database.

  • —​icu-locale=_locale_

    • Specifies the ICU locale ID to be used in this database, if the ICU locale provider is selected.

  • —​icu-rules=_rules_

    • Specifies additional collation rules to customize the behavior of the default collation of this database. This is supported for ICU only.

  • —​locale-provider={_libc|icu}_

    • Specifies the locale provider for the database’s default collation.

  • -O _owner—​owner=_owner

    • Specifies the database user who will own the new database. (This name is processed as a double-quoted identifier.)

  • -S _strategy—​strategy=_strategy

  • -T _template—​template=_template

    • Specifies the template database from which to build this database. (This name is processed as a double-quoted identifier.)

  • -V_—​version_

    • Print the createdb version and exit.

  • -?_—​help_

    • Show help about createdb command line arguments, and exit.

选项 -D 、 -l 、 -E 、 -O 和 -T 对应于底层 SQL 命令 CREATE DATABASE 的选项；请参阅此处以获取更多相关信息。

The options -D, -l, -E, -O, and -T correspond to options of the underlying SQL command CREATE DATABASE; see there for more information about them.

createdb 还针对连接参数接受以下命令行参数：

createdb also accepts the following command-line arguments for connection parameters:

  • -h _host—​host=_host

    • Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the directory for the Unix domain socket.

  • -p _port—​port=_port

    • Specifies the TCP port or the local Unix domain socket file extension on which the server is listening for connections.

  • -U _username—​username=_username

    • User name to connect as.

  • -w_—​no-password_

    • Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires password authentication and a password is not available by other means such as a .pgpass file, the connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a password.

  • -W_—​password_

    • Force createdb to prompt for a password before connecting to a database.

    • This option is never essential, since createdb will automatically prompt for a password if the server demands password authentication. However, createdb will waste a connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password. In some cases it is worth typing -W to avoid the extra connection attempt.

  • —​maintenance-db=_dbname_

    • Specifies the name of the database to connect to when creating the new database. If not specified, the postgres database will be used; if that does not exist (or if it is the name of the new database being created), template1 will be used. This can be a connection string. If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting command line options.

Environment

  • PGDATABASE

    • If set, the name of the database to create, unless overridden on the command line.

  • PGHOST_PGPORT_PGUSER

    • Default connection parameters. PGUSER also determines the name of the database to create, if it is not specified on the command line or by PGDATABASE.

  • PG_COLOR

    • Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never.

此实用程序与大多数其他 PostgreSQL 实用程序一样，还使用 libpq 支持的环境变量（请参阅 Section 34.15 ）。

This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 34.15).

Diagnostics

如果遇到困难，请参阅 CREATE DATABASE 和 psql 以了解有关潜在问题和错误消息的讨论。数据库服务器必须在目标主机上运行。另外，libpq 前端库使用的任何默认连接设置和环境变量都将生效。

In case of difficulty, see CREATE DATABASE and psql for discussions of potential problems and error messages. The database server must be running at the targeted host. Also, any default connection settings and environment variables used by the libpq front-end library will apply.

Examples

使用默认数据库服务器创建数据库 demo ：

To create the database demo using the default database server:

$ createdb demo

要使用主机 eden 上的服务器、端口 5000、 template0 模板数据库创建数据库 demo ，以下是命令行命令和底层 SQL 命令：

To create the database demo using the server on host eden, port 5000, using the template0 template database, here is the command-line command and the underlying SQL command:

$ createdb -p 5000 -h eden -T template0 -e demo
CREATE DATABASE demo TEMPLATE template0;

See Also

dropdb ， CREATE DATABASE

dropdb, CREATE DATABASE