Postgresql 中文操作指南

oid2name

oid2name — 解析 PostgreSQL 数据目录中的 OID 和文件节点

oid2name — resolve OIDs and file nodes in a PostgreSQL data directory

Synopsis

oid2name [ option …​]

oid2name [option…​]

Description

oid2name 是一个实用程序,帮助管理员检查 PostgreSQL 使用的文件结构。要使用它,您需要熟悉数据库文件结构,其中在 Chapter 73 中进行了描述。

oid2name is a utility program that helps administrators to examine the file structure used by PostgreSQL. To make use of it, you need to be familiar with the database file structure, which is described in Chapter 73.

Note

该名称 “oid2name” 具有历史意义,实际上可能带有误导性,因为大多数时候在您使用它时,您实际关心的是表的 filenode 编号(在数据库目录中可见的文件名称)。确保您理解表 OID 与表 filenode 之间的差异!

The name “oid2name” is historical, and is actually rather misleading, since most of the time when you use it, you will really be concerned with tables' filenode numbers (which are the file names visible in the database directories). Be sure you understand the difference between table OIDs and table filenodes!

oid2name 连接到目标数据库并提取 OID、filenode 和/或表名称信息。您也可以让它显示数据库 OID 或表空间 OID。

oid2name connects to a target database and extracts OID, filenode, and/or table name information. You can also have it show database OIDs or tablespace OIDs.

Options

oid2name 接受以下命令行参数:

oid2name accepts the following command-line arguments:

  • -f _filenode—​filenode=_filenode

    • show info for table with filenode filenode.

  • -i_—​indexes_

    • include indexes and sequences in the listing.

  • -o _oid—​oid=_oid

    • show info for table with OID oid.

  • -q_—​quiet_

    • omit headers (useful for scripting).

  • -s_—​tablespaces_

    • show tablespace OIDs.

  • -S_—​system-objects_

    • include system objects (those in information_schema, pg_toast and pg_catalog schemas).

  • -t _tablename_pattern—​table=_tablename_pattern

    • show info for table(s) matching tablename_pattern.

  • -V_—​version_

    • Print the oid2name version and exit.

  • -x_—​extended_

    • display more information about each object shown: tablespace name, schema name, and OID.

  • -?_—​help_

    • Show help about oid2name command line arguments, and exit.

oid2name 还接受下列连接参数的命令行参数:

oid2name also accepts the following command-line arguments for connection parameters:

  • -d _database—​dbname=_database

    • database to connect to.

  • -h _host—​host=_host

    • database server’s host.

  • -H _host_

    • database server’s host. Use of this parameter is deprecated as of PostgreSQL 12.

  • -p _port—​port=_port

    • database server’s port.

  • -U _username—​username=_username

    • user name to connect as.

要显示特定表,请使用 -o-f 和/或 -t 选择要显示的表。 -o 接受一个 OID, -f 接受一个文件节点, -t 接受一个表名(实际上,它是一个 LIKE 模式,因此您可以使用 foo% 等内容)。您可以使用尽可能多的这些选项,并且列表将包含由任何选项匹配的所有对象。但请注意,这些选项只能显示 -d 给出的数据库中的对象。

To display specific tables, select which tables to show by using -o, -f and/or -t. -o takes an OID, -f takes a filenode, and -t takes a table name (actually, it’s a LIKE pattern, so you can use things like foo%). You can use as many of these options as you like, and the listing will include all objects matched by any of the options. But note that these options can only show objects in the database given by -d.

如果您未提供任何 -o-f-t ,但提供了 -d ,它将列出 -d 命名的数据库中的所有表。在此模式中, -S-i 选项控制显示内容。

If you don’t give any of -o, -f or -t, but do give -d, it will list all tables in the database named by -d. In this mode, the -S and -i options control what gets listed.

如果您没有提供 -d ,它将显示数据库 OID 的列表。或者,您可以提供 -s 来获取表空间列表。

If you don’t give -d either, it will show a listing of database OIDs. Alternatively you can give -s to get a tablespace listing.

Environment

  • PGHOST_PGPORT_PGUSER

    • Default connection parameters.

此实用程序与大多数其他 PostgreSQL 实用程序一样,还使用 libpq 支持的环境变量(请参阅 Section 34.15 )。

This utility, like most other PostgreSQL utilities, also uses the environment variables supported by libpq (see Section 34.15).

环境变量 PG_COLOR 指定是否在诊断消息中使用颜色。可能的值是 alwaysautonever

The environment variable PG_COLOR specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values are always, auto and never.

Notes

oid2name 需要具有非损坏系统目录的正在运行的数据库服务器。因此,它在从灾难性数据库损坏情况中恢复方面只具有有限的用处。

oid2name requires a running database server with non-corrupt system catalogs. It is therefore of only limited use for recovering from catastrophic database corruption situations.

Examples

$ # what's in this database server, anyway?
$ oid2name
All databases:
    Oid  Database Name  Tablespace
----------------------------------
  17228       alvherre  pg_default
  17255     regression  pg_default
  17227      template0  pg_default
      1      template1  pg_default

$ oid2name -s
All tablespaces:
     Oid  Tablespace Name
-------------------------
    1663       pg_default
    1664        pg_global
  155151         fastdisk
  155152          bigdisk

$ # OK, let's look into database alvherre
$ cd $PGDATA/base/17228

$ # get top 10 db objects in the default tablespace, ordered by size
$ ls -lS * | head -10
-rw-------  1 alvherre alvherre 136536064 sep 14 09:51 155173
-rw-------  1 alvherre alvherre  17965056 sep 14 09:51 1155291
-rw-------  1 alvherre alvherre   1204224 sep 14 09:51 16717
-rw-------  1 alvherre alvherre    581632 sep  6 17:51 1255
-rw-------  1 alvherre alvherre    237568 sep 14 09:50 16674
-rw-------  1 alvherre alvherre    212992 sep 14 09:51 1249
-rw-------  1 alvherre alvherre    204800 sep 14 09:51 16684
-rw-------  1 alvherre alvherre    196608 sep 14 09:50 16700
-rw-------  1 alvherre alvherre    163840 sep 14 09:50 16699
-rw-------  1 alvherre alvherre    122880 sep  6 17:51 16751

$ # I wonder what file 155173 is ...
$ oid2name -d alvherre -f 155173
From database "alvherre":
  Filenode  Table Name
----------------------
    155173    accounts

$ # you can ask for more than one object
$ oid2name -d alvherre -f 155173 -f 1155291
From database "alvherre":
  Filenode     Table Name
-------------------------
    155173       accounts
   1155291  accounts_pkey

$ # you can mix the options, and get more details with -x
$ oid2name -d alvherre -t accounts -f 1155291 -x
From database "alvherre":
  Filenode     Table Name      Oid  Schema  Tablespace
------------------------------------------------------
    155173       accounts   155173  public  pg_default
   1155291  accounts_pkey  1155291  public  pg_default

$ # show disk space for every db object
$ du [0-9]* |
> while read SIZE FILENODE
> do
>   echo "$SIZE       `oid2name -q -d alvherre -i -f $FILENODE`"
> done
16            1155287  branches_pkey
16            1155289  tellers_pkey
17561            1155291  accounts_pkey
...

$ # same, but sort by size
$ du [0-9]* | sort -rn | while read SIZE FN
> do
>   echo "$SIZE   `oid2name -q -d alvherre -f $FN`"
> done
133466             155173    accounts
17561            1155291  accounts_pkey
1177              16717  pg_proc_proname_args_nsp_index
...

$ # If you want to see what's in tablespaces, use the pg_tblspc directory
$ cd $PGDATA/pg_tblspc
$ oid2name -s
All tablespaces:
     Oid  Tablespace Name
-------------------------
    1663       pg_default
    1664        pg_global
  155151         fastdisk
  155152          bigdisk

$ # what databases have objects in tablespace "fastdisk"?
$ ls -d 155151/*
155151/17228/  155151/PG_VERSION

$ # Oh, what was database 17228 again?
$ oid2name
All databases:
    Oid  Database Name  Tablespace
----------------------------------
  17228       alvherre  pg_default
  17255     regression  pg_default
  17227      template0  pg_default
      1      template1  pg_default

$ # Let's see what objects does this database have in the tablespace.
$ cd 155151/17228
$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-------  1 postgres postgres 0 sep 13 23:20 155156

$ # OK, this is a pretty small table ... but which one is it?
$ oid2name -d alvherre -f 155156
From database "alvherre":
  Filenode  Table Name
----------------------
    155156         foo