Getting Started
要了解 Spring Shell 提供的内容,我们可以编写一个简单的 _hello world_shell 应用程序,其中包含一个简单的参数。
Spring Shell_基于_Spring Boot {spring-boot-version} 和 Spring Framework current,因此需要_JDK 17_。
Creating a Project
为了完成本教程,我们通过使用 [role="bare"][role="bare"]https://start.spring.io 创建了一个简单的 Spring Boot 应用程序,其中可以选择 Spring Shell 依赖项。此最小应用程序仅依赖于 spring-boot-starter
和 spring-shell-starter
。
_Spring Shell_在`start.spring.io`上的版本通常是最新版本。 |
使用 maven,您应该具有类似以下内容:
<properties>
<spring-shell.version>{project-version}</spring-shell.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.shell</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-shell-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.shell</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-shell-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-shell.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
使用 gradle,您应该具有类似以下内容:
dependencies {
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter'
implementation 'org.springframework.shell:spring-shell-starter'
testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
}
dependencyManagement {
imports {
mavenBom "org.springframework.shell:spring-shell-dependencies:{project-version}"
}
}
鉴于 Spring Shell 启动 REPL (Read-Eval-Print-Loop),因为存在此依赖项,因此你需要在整个本教程中构建 (-DskipTests
) 时跳过测试或删除由 [role="bare"][role="bare"]https://start.spring.io 生成的示例集成测试。如果你不将其删除,则集成测试将创建 Spring ApplicationContext
,并且根据你的构建工具将停滞在 eval 循环中或因 NPE 而崩溃。
编译后,可以在交互模式下运行:
$ $JAVA_HOME/bin/java -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v{spring-boot-version})
2022-09-13T18:42:12.818+01:00 INFO 12644 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication
: Starting DemoApplication using Java 17.0.4 on ...
2022-09-13T18:42:12.821+01:00 INFO 12644 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication
: No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2022-09-13T18:42:13.606+01:00 INFO 12644 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication
: Started DemoApplication in 1.145 seconds (process running for 1.578)
shell:>help
AVAILABLE COMMANDS
Built-In Commands
help: Display help about available commands
stacktrace: Display the full stacktrace of the last error.
clear: Clear the shell screen.
quit, exit: Exit the shell.
history: Display or save the history of previously run commands
version: Show version info
script: Read and execute commands from a file.
或者在非交互模式下运行:
$JAVA_HOME/bin/java -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar help
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v{spring-boot-version})
2022-09-13T18:42:12.818+01:00 INFO 12644 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication
: Starting DemoApplication using Java 17.0.4 on ...
2022-09-13T18:42:12.821+01:00 INFO 12644 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication
: No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2022-09-13T18:42:13.606+01:00 INFO 12644 --- [ main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication
: Started DemoApplication in 1.145 seconds (process running for 1.578)
AVAILABLE COMMANDS
Built-In Commands
help: Display help about available commands
stacktrace: Display the full stacktrace of the last error.
clear: Clear the shell screen.
quit, exit: Exit the shell.
history: Display or save the history of previously run commands
version: Show version info
script: Read and execute commands from a file.
查看 Logging,让日志记录与 shell 应用程序配合得更好。 |
Your First Command
现在我们可以添加我们的第一个命令。为此,创建一个新类(命名为任何您想要的内容),并使用 @ShellComponent
对其进行注释,这是 @Component
的一个变体,用于限制扫描候选命令的类集。
然后,我们可以创建一个 helloWorld
方法,该方法取 String
作为参数,并返回带有“Hello world”的 String
。添加 @ShellMethod
并使用 key
参数有选择地更改命令名称。如果在运行命令时没有给出,您可以使用 @ShellOption
来定义参数默认值。
import org.springframework.shell.standard.ShellComponent;
import org.springframework.shell.standard.ShellMethod;
import org.springframework.shell.standard.ShellOption;
@ShellComponent
public class MyCommands {
@ShellMethod(key = "hello-world")
public String helloWorld(
@ShellOption(defaultValue = "spring") String arg
) {
return "Hello world " + arg;
}
}
新的 hello-world 命令对 help 可见:
My Commands
hello-world:
您可以运行它:
shell:>hello-world
Hello world spring
shell:>hello-world --arg boot
Hello world boot
本文档的其余部分将深入探讨整个 Spring Shell 编程模型。