Computer Fundamentals 简明教程

Computer - Components

计算机系统由以下三个组件组成：中央处理单元、输入设备和输出设备。输入设备向处理器（处理单元）提供数据，处理器处理数据并生成有用的信息，并通过输出设备显示给用户。输出设备用于在计算机屏幕上或以打印形式向用户显示处理后的数据。下图描绘了计算机系统的主要组件 −

Computer systems consist of three components: Central Processing Unit, Input devices and Output devices. Input devices provide data to the processor (processing unit), which processes it and generates useful information that’s displayed to the user through output devices. Output devices are used to show the processed data to the user on computer screen or in print form. Below figure depicts the major components of computer systems −

central unit

图：计算机系统组件

Fig: Components of computer systems

Central Processing Unit

中央处理单元 (CPU) 也称为“计算机的大脑”。它控制计算机所有组件的操作。

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is also known as "the brain of computer". It controls operation of all components of a computer.

central processing unit

图：中央处理单元

Fig: Central Processing Unit

CPU 本身有三个组件，如下所示 −

A CPU itself has three components which are as follows −

  1. Control Unit (CU)

  2. ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

  3. Memory or Storage Unit

Control Unit

顾名思义，控制单元充当 CPU 的“大脑”。它执行指令并管理 CPU 内的数据流，以执行计算机程序指定的任务。它在取指令-译码-执行周期中扮演着关键角色，这是 CPU 运行程序指令的基本过程。

As its name implies, a control unit acts as the "brain" of the CPU. It executes instructions and manages the flow of data inside the CPU to perform the tasks specified by a computer program. It plays a pivotal role in the fetch-decode-execute cycle, which is a fundamental process by which a CPU runs program instructions.

  1. Instruction Fetch − To run and execute a program; a CU fetches instructions from RAM (Random Access Memory).

  2. Instruction Decoding − It decodes the fetched instructions to determine the operation to be performed.

  3. Instruction Execution − A CU executes the instructions by sending control signals to the appropriate functional units within the CPU, such as the ALU for arithmetic and logical operations

  4. Control Flow Management − The Control Unit is responsible for overseeing the control flow of the programme. It accomplishes this by updating the programme counter, which enables the CPU to go to the subsequent instruction in the sequence based on conditional statements or jumps.

  5. Exception Handling − The system effectively manages exceptions and interruptions, including hardware failures, system calls, and external events, by appropriately diverting the control flow of the central processing unit (CPU) to the planned procedure for managing such exceptions.

  6. Pipeline Control (in pipelined CPUs) − The modern CPU’s are available with pipeline designs; a CU controls the steps of the pipeline and makes sure that instructions are processed quickly and safely.

  7. Synchronization − In the context of multi-core processors, a CU plays a crucial role in facilitating the coordination of instruction execution across several cores, hence guaranteeing the appropriate synchronisation and maintenance of data consistency.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

算术逻辑单元 (ALU) 是一个组件，经过广泛优化和设计，可同时执行多项任务。它通常用于快速执行操作。它与寄存器、内存和控制单元等其他 CPU 组件配合工作，以执行复杂指令。

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a component that has been extensively optimised and engineered to do multiple tasks concurrently. It is commonly built to execute operations speedily. It works in conjunction with other CPU components, such as registers, memory, and control units, to execute complex instructions.

  1. Arithmetic Operations − The ALU can perform basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

  2. Logic Operations − The ALU can also perform logical operations like AND, OR, NOT, XOR, and bit-shifting operations.

  3. Comparison − The ALU can compare two binary values and determine whether they are equal, greater than, or less than each other. This function is most widely used in programming and sorting algorithms.

Memory Unit

内存或存储单元是一种硬件组件，用于存储数据和指令并在需要的时候检索它们。计算机内存主要分为临时（RAM）和永久内存（辅助内存）。RAM 用于短期、快速的数据访问，对于活动程序执行至关重要。另一方面，存储或辅助内存提供永久的数据存储。因此，内存和存储单元都是计算机系统的重要组成部分。

A memory or storage unit is a hardware component which is used to store the data and instructions and retrieve it whenever is required. Majorly computer memory has categorised as temporary (RAM) and permanent memory (secondary memory). RAM is used for short-term, fast data access and essential for active program execution. On the other hand, storage or secondary memory provides permanent data storage. Hence, memory and storage units both are critical components of a computer system.

内存功能

Functions of memory

  1. RAM is also known as primary or temporary memory; it is a type of volatile memory used for temporarily storing data.

  2. The contents inside the RAM are erased when computer’s power get off or restarted.

ram

  1. RAM is actively used for program or instructions execution.

  2. Once we start the computer; systems necessary files, programs and the operating system files are loaded into the RAM for smoothly running of computer.

  3. The more RAM a computer has, the better it can handle multitasking and the faster it can run applications since data can be accessed more quickly.

  4. Storage devices are used to store the data permanently, even when the computer is powered off.

  5. They are non-volatile in nature; the data remains intact even when the power is get off or system restarts.

  6. The most popular and commonly used storage devices are Hard Disk (HDs), Solid-State Drives (SSDs), USB flash drives, and optical disks (e.g., DVDs), pen drives.

storage

  1. The data storage capacity varies of these devices are in gigabytes (GB) to terabytes (TB) and more, depending on the type and size of the storage device.

Input devices

用于向计算机系统提供输入的设备被称为输入设备。

The devices which are used to give input to the computer system is known as input devices.

Keyboard

键盘是一种最常见且非常流行的输入设备，有助于向计算机输入数据。键盘的布局就像传统的打字机，尽管提供了一些额外的键来执行其他功能。有不同类型的键盘；每个键盘都是针对特定目的设计的。

Keyboard is a most common and very popular input device which helps to input data to the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like a traditional typewriter, although there are some additional keys provided for performing additional functions. There are different types of keyboards; each one has designed for specific purposes.

  1. QWERTY Keyboards − QWERTY is a most usable keyboard. It’s named after the first six letters in the top row of the keyboard.

qwerty keyboard

QWERTY键盘通常在个人电脑上使用，并被认为是打字机的标准配置。这些设备专为通用打字任务而设计。

QWERTY keyboards are commonly found in personal computers and are considered as standard on typewriters. These devices are specifically designed for general typing tasks.

  1. Mechanical Keyboards − Each key on mechanical keyboards has a mechanical switch. Different types of switches offer varying levels of tactile feedback and actuation force.

mechanical keyboard

打字员和游戏玩家需要准确和愉悦的打字体验，他们喜欢这些开关，因为这些开关可以提供触觉和听觉反馈。

Typists and gamers who demand accurate and enjoyable typing love these switches because they give tactile and aural feedback.

  1. Membrane Keyboards − Laptops and cheap desktop keyboards have membrane keyboards. When pushed, a key contacts a rubber or silicone membrane below the keys to register a keystroke.

membrane keyboard

  1. Ergonomic Keyboards − Typing for long periods of time can cause muscle strain and discomfort; ergonomic keyboards are specifically designed to alleviate these issues.

ergonomic keyboard

这些包括分体键盘和轮廓键盘，它们具有弧度以契合自然的手部姿势。

These include split keyboards and contoured keyboards, which are curved to fit the natural hand posture.

  1. Gaming Keyboards − Gaming keyboards are optimized for gaming performance.

gaming keyboard

游戏键盘通常具有可变照明、可编程按键以及防按键冲突技术，以防止在快速游戏中漏按按键。一些游戏键盘配有机械开关，可带来更快的响应能力。

They usually have changeable illumination, programmable keys, and anti-ghosting technology to prevent missed keypresses during fast gameplay. Some gaming keyboards include mechanical switches for quicker responsiveness.

  1. Wireless Keyboards − Wireless keyboards use Bluetooth or RF to connect to computers and other devices without cords.

wireless keyboard

笔记本电脑、平板电脑和智能电视使用它们来方便移动。

Laptops, tablets, and smart TVs utilise them for convenience and mobility.

  1. Virtual Keyboards − Software-based virtual keyboards are utilised on smartphones and tablets. Tap or swipe virtual keys to enter text or directions.

virtual keyboard

  1. Foldable Keyboards − Foldable keyboards are portable and convenient.

foldable keyboard

旅行者和需要较小键盘的人员可以折叠或卷起键盘进行存储和运输。

Travellers and people who require a small keyboard may fold or wrap them up for storage and transport.

The keys on the keyboard

The keys on the keyboard

下表描述了键盘上的不同按键及其功能，如下所示：

Below table describes different keys on the keyboard and their are as follows −

S.No.

Keys & Description

1

Typing Keys − These keys include the letter keys (A-Z) and digit keys (0-9) which generally give the same layout as that of typewriters.

2

Numeric Keypad − It is used to enter the numeric data or cursor movement. Generally, it consists of a set of 17 keys that are laid out in the same configuration used by most adding machines and calculators.

3

Function Keys − The twelve function keys are present on the keyboard which is arranged in a row at the top of the keyboard. Each function key has a unique meaning and is used for some specific purpose.

4

Control keys − These keys provide cursor and screen control. It includes four directional arrow keys. Control keys also include Home, End, Insert, Delete, Page Up, Page Down, Control(Ctrl), Alternate(Alt), Escape(Esc).

5

Special Purpose Keys − Keyboard also contains some special purpose keys such as Enter, Shift, Caps Lock, Num Lock, Space bar, Tab, and Print Screen.

鼠标是最流行的输入设备。它也被称为定位设备。它是一个非常著名的光标控制设备，有一个巴掌大小的盒子，底部有一个圆球，它可以感测鼠标的移动，并在按下鼠标按钮时将相应的信号发送到 CPU。通常，它有两个按钮，称为左键和右键，按钮之间有一个滑轮。鼠标可用于控制屏幕上光标的位置，但它不能用于在计算机中输入文本。

Mouse is a most popular input device. It is also known as a pointing device. It is a very famous cursor-control device having a small palm size box with a round ball at its base, which senses the movement of the mouse and sends corresponding signals to the CPU when the mouse buttons are pressed. Generally, it has two buttons called the left and the right button and a wheel is present between the buttons. A mouse can be used to control the position of the cursor on the screen, but it cannot be used to enter text into the computer.

mouse

鼠标最常见的类型如下 −

The most common types of mouse are as follows −

  1. Optical Mouse − Movement is detected by LED lights and sensors in optical mouse. They work on many surfaces and are the most common mouse.

optical mouse

  1. Trackball Mouse − Trackball mice have a stationary ball on top that users may roll with their fingers or thumbs.

track ball mouse

移动控制屏幕光标。当空间或准确性受到限制时使用轨迹球鼠标。

Movement controls the screen cursor. Trackball mice are utilised when space or accuracy are restricted.

  1. Wireless Mouse − Bluetooth or USB receivers link wireless mice to computers and devices. They’re cable-free, so they move more freely.

wireless mouse

无线鼠标可以充电或使用一次性电池。

Wireless mouse can be recharged or utilise disposable batteries.

  1. Wired Mouse − They work without batteries or a wireless connection, making them a good solution for those who don’t want to worry about signal interference. These are connected to computers using physical cables.

wired mouse

  1. Gaming Mouse − Gaming mouse have configurable buttons, adjustable DPI, and ergonomic ergonomics for long-term usage. Gaming is optimised for rapid, accurate movements.

gaming mouse

操纵杆也是一种定位设备，用于在显示器屏幕上移动光标位置。它是一根棍子，在上下两端都有一个球形球体。下球形球体在插座中移动。操纵杆可以向四个方向移动。

Joystick is also a pointing device, which is used to move the cursor position on a monitor screen. It is a stick having a spherical ball at its both lower and upper ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The joystick can be moved in all four directions.

joy stick

操纵杆的功能类似于鼠标。它主要用于计算机辅助设计 (CAD) 和玩电脑游戏。

The function of the joystick is similar to that of a mouse. It is mainly used in Computer Aided Designing (CAD) and playing computer games.

光笔是一种类似于笔的定位设备。它用于选择显示的菜单项或在显示器屏幕上绘制图片。它由一个光电管和放置在小管中的光学系统组成。

Light pen is a pointing device similar to a pen. It is used to select a displayed menu item or draw pictures on the monitor screen. It consists of a photocell and an optical system placed in a small tube.

light pen

当光笔尖端在显示器屏幕上移动并且按下笔按钮时，其光电传感元件检测屏幕位置并将相应信号发送到 CPU。

When the tip of a light pen is moved over the monitor screen and the pen button is pressed, its photocell sensing element detects the screen location and sends the corresponding signal to the CPU.

轨迹球是一种输入设备，通常用于笔记本电脑，而不是鼠标。这是一个半插入的球体，通过手指在球体上移动，就可以移动指针。

Track ball is an input device that is mostly used in notebook or laptop computer, instead of a mouse. This is a ball which is half inserted and by moving fingers on the ball, the pointer can be moved.

track ball

由于未移动整个设备，因此轨迹球所需的占地面积小于鼠标。轨迹球有各种形状，例如球形、按钮形或方形。

Since the whole device is not moved, a track ball requires less space than a mouse. A track ball comes in various shapes like a ball, a button, or a square.

扫描仪是一种输入设备，它的工作方式更像复印机。当某些信息存在于纸质上并且需要将其传输到计算机的硬盘上以进行进一步处理时，将使用它。

Scanner is an input device, which works more like a photocopy machine. It is used when some information is available on paper and it is to be transferred to the hard disk of the computer for further manipulation.

scanner

扫描仪从源头捕获图像，然后将其转换为可以存储在磁盘上的数字形式。在打印这些图像之前，可以对其进行编辑。

Scanner captures images from the source which are then converted into a digital form that can be stored on the disk. These images can be edited before they are printed.

数字化仪是一种可以将模拟信息转换为数字形式的输入设备。数字化仪可以将来自电视或摄像机的信号转换为一系列可存储在计算机中的数字。它们可以被计算机用来创建任何面向摄像机的图片。

Digitizer is an input device which converts analog information into digital form. Digitizer can convert a signal from the television or camera into a series of numbers that could be stored in a computer. They can be used by the computer to create a picture of whatever the camera had been pointed at.

digitizer

数字化仪也被称为平板电脑或图形平板电脑，因为它可以将图形和图片数据转换为二进制输入。图形平板电脑作为数字化仪用于精细绘画和图像处理应用程序中。

Digitizer is also known as Tablet or Graphics Tablet as it converts graphics and pictorial data into binary inputs. A graphic tablet as digitizer is used for fine works of drawing and image manipulation applications.

麦克风是一种用于输入声音的输入设备，可以将其存储为数字形式。

Microphone is an input device to input sound that is then stored in a digital form.

microphone

麦克风用于各种应用程序，例如向多媒体演示文稿中添加声音或混音音乐。

The microphone is used for various applications such as adding sound to a multimedia presentation or for mixing music.

MICR 输入设备通常用于银行，因为每天要处理大量的支票。银行代码和支票号码印在支票上，用一种特殊的墨水，其中包含机器可读的磁性材料颗粒。

MICR input device is generally used in banks as there are large number of cheques to be processed every day. The bank’s code number and cheque number are printed on the cheques with a special type of ink that contains particles of magnetic material that are machine readable.

micr

此读取过程称为磁性墨水字符识别 (MICR)。MICR 的主要优点是速度快且不易出错。

This reading process is called Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR). The main advantages of MICR are that it is fast and less error prone.

OCR 是一种用于读取印刷文本的输入设备。

OCR is an input device used to read a printed text.

ocr

OCR 按字符对文本进行光学扫描，将其转换为机器可读代码，并将文本存储在系统内存中。

OCR scans the text optically, character by character, converts them into a machine readable code, and stores the text on the system memory.

条形码阅读器是一种用于读取条形码数据（光和暗线形式的数据）的设备。条形码数据通常用于商品贴标签、对书进行编号等。它可能是手持式扫描仪，也可能是嵌入式固定扫描仪。

Bar Code Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data (data in the form of light and dark lines). Bar coded data is generally used in labelling goods, numbering the books, etc. It may be a handheld scanner or may be embedded in a stationary scanner.

barcode reader

条形码阅读器扫描条形码图像，将其转换为字母数字值，然后将其送入条形码阅读器连接的计算机。

Bar Code Reader scans a bar code image, converts it into an alphanumeric value, which is then fed to the computer that the bar code reader is connected to.

OMR 是一种特殊类型的光学扫描仪，用于识别笔或铅笔所做的标记类型。它用于从少数几个选项中进行选择并标记的情况。

OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark made by pen or pencil. It is used where one out of a few alternatives is to be selected and marked.

omr

它专门用于检查具有多项选择题的考试答题卷。

It is specially used for checking the answer sheets of examinations having multiple choice questions.

Output Devices

以下是计算机中使用的一些重要输出设备。

Following are some of the important output devices used in a computer.

  1. Monitors

  2. Graphic Plotter

  3. Printer

Monitors

显示器（通常称为可视显示单元 (VDU)）是计算机的主要输出设备。它由微小的点（称为像素）组成图像，这些像素以矩形形式排列。图像的清晰度取决于像素数量。

Monitors, commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU), are the main output device of a computer. It forms images from tiny dots, called pixels that are arranged in a rectangular form. The sharpness of the image depends upon the number of pixels.

有两种用于显示器的显示屏类型。

There are two kinds of viewing screen used for monitors.

  1. Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)

  2. Flat-Panel Display

CRT 显示器由称为像素的小图片元素组成。像素越小，图像清晰度或分辨率越好。形成一个整个字符（例如单词 help 中的字母“e”）需要一个以上的点亮像素。

The CRT display is made up of small picture elements called pixels. The smaller the pixels, the better the image clarity or resolution. It takes more than one illuminated pixel to form a whole character, such as the letter 'e' in the word help.

crt

屏幕上一次只能显示有限数量的字符。屏幕可以划分为一系列字符框 - 可以在其中放置标准字符的屏幕上的固定位置。大多数屏幕可以水平显示 80 个字符的数据，垂直显示 25 行。

A finite number of characters can be displayed on a screen at once. The screen can be divided into a series of character boxes - fixed location on the screen where a standard character can be placed. Most screens are capable of displaying 80 characters of data horizontally and 25 lines vertically.

CRT 有一些缺点 −

There are some disadvantages of CRT −

  1. Large in Size

  2. High power consumption

相对于 CRT，平板显示器指的是一类视频设备，具有体积更小、重量更轻、功耗更低的特点。可以将它们挂在墙壁上或戴在手腕上。平板显示器的当前用途包括计算器、视频游戏、显示器、笔记本电脑和图形显示器。

The flat-panel display refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume, weight and power requirement in comparison to the CRT. You can hang them on walls or wear them on your wrists. Current uses of flat-panel displays include calculators, video games, monitors, laptop computer, and graphics display.

flat monitor

平板显示器分为两种类 −

The flat-panel display is divided into two categories −

  1. Emissive Displays − Emissive displays are devices that convert electrical energy into light. For example, plasma panel and LED (Light-Emitting Diodes).

  2. Non-Emissive Displays − Non-emissive displays use optical effects to convert sunlight or light from some other source into graphics patterns. For example, LCD (Liquid-Crystal Device).

计算机图形和工程应用采用绘图仪在纸张或其他介质上创建高质量、准确和详细的图纸或绘图。它可以准确绘制连续线，并且适用于矢量图，与标准打印机不同。绘图仪的主要特点是 -

Computer graphics and engineering applications employ graphic plotters to create high-quality, accurate, and detailed drawings or plots on paper or other media. It draws continuous lines accurately and is suited for vector drawings, unlike a standard printer. Key features of graphic plotters are as −

  1. Vector Graphics − Vector graphics allow graphic plotters to create lines and shapes precisely using continuous points instead of dots like raster printers.

  2. Pen or Pen-Like Tool − A pen or similar instrument draws on paper for graphic plotters. The pen may move X and Y on a moveable arm to draw complicated shapes.

  3. Applications − Graphic plotters are employed in engineering, architecture, cartography, and textile design. They were popular for technical drawings and diagrams before digital.

graphic plotter

矢量图形绘图仪输出准确且详细的图纸。即使数字印刷已使其不那么普及，它们仍用于需要准确和高质量输出的行业和应用中。

A vector graphics plotter outputs accurate and detailed drawings. They are still used in sectors and applications that need accuracy and high-quality output, even if digital printing has made them less widespread.

Printers

打印机是一种输出设备，用于在纸张上打印信息。

Printer is an output device, which is used to print information on paper.

有两种类型的打印机 −

There are two types of printers −

  1. Impact Printers

  2. Non-Impact Printers

击打式打印机通过击打色带上的字符来进行打印，然后将色带压在纸张上。

Impact printers print the characters by striking them on the ribbon, which is then pressed on the paper.

击打式打印机的特性如下 −

Characteristics of Impact Printers are the following −

  1. Very low consumable costs

  2. Very noisy

  3. Useful for bulk printing due to low cost

  4. There is physical contact with the paper to produce an image

这类打印机分为两种 −

These printers are of two types −

  1. Character printers

  2. Line printers

字符打印机一次打印一个字符的打印机。

Character printers are the printers which print one character at a time.

它们又分为两种类型：

These are further divided into two types:

  1. Dot Matrix Printer(DMP)

  2. Daisy Wheel

在市场上，点阵打印机是最流行的打印机之一。这类打印机很受欢迎，原因在于它们打印简单，价格经济。打印的每个字符都以点阵形式呈现，打印头由大小为 (5*7, 7*9, 9*7 或 9*9) 的针矩阵组成，这些针会伸出来形成字符，这也是它被称为点阵打印机的原因。

In the market, one of the most popular printers is Dot Matrix Printer. These printers are popular because of their ease of printing and economical price. Each character printed is in the form of pattern of dots and head consists of a Matrix of Pins of size (5*7, 7*9, 9*7 or 9*9) which come out to form a character which is why it is called Dot Matrix Printer.

dot matrix printer

Advantages

Advantages

  1. Inexpensive

  2. Widely Used

  3. Other language characters can be printed

Disadvantages

Disadvantages

  1. Slow Speed

  2. Poor Quality

Daisy Wheel

Daisy Wheel

打印头放置在一个转轮上，与字符对应的针脚就像雏菊（花）的花瓣，这就是为什么它被称为雏菊打印机。这些打印机通常用于办公室的文字处理，这些办公室需要在这里或那里发送一些非常高质量的信件。

Head is lying on a wheel and pins corresponding to characters are like petals of Daisy (flower) which is why it is called Daisy Wheel Printer. These printers are generally used for word-processing in offices that require a few letters to be sent here and there with very nice quality.

daisy wheel printer

Advantages

Advantages

  1. More reliable than DMP

  2. Better quality

  3. Fonts of character can be easily changed

Disadvantages

Disadvantages

  1. Slower than DMP

  2. Noisy

  3. More expensive than DMP

行式打印机一次打印一行。

Line printers are the printers which print one line at a time.

line printer

它们分为两种类型−

These are of two types −

  1. Drum Printer

  2. Chain Printer

这台打印机形状像一个圆筒，因此称为圆筒打印机。圆筒的表面被分成许多轨道。轨道总数等于纸张的尺寸，即对于宽度为 132 个字符的纸张，圆筒将有 132 条轨道。轨道上压印了一个字符集。市场上有 48 个字符集、64 个字符集和 96 个字符集。圆筒转动一圈打印一行。圆筒打印机速度快，每分钟可打印 300 到 2000 行。

This printer is like a drum in shape hence it is called drum printer. The surface of the drum is divided into a number of tracks. Total tracks are equal to the size of the paper, i.e. for a paper width of 132 characters, drum will have 132 tracks. A character set is embossed on the track. Different character sets available in the market are 48 character set, 64 and 96 characters set. One rotation of drum prints one line. Drum printers are fast in speed and can print 300 to 2000 lines per minute.

Advantages

Advantages

  1. Very high speed

Disadvantages

Disadvantages

  1. Very expensive

  2. Characters fonts cannot be changed

这台打印机使用一个字符集链条，因此称之为链式打印机。一个标准字符集可以有 48 个、64 个或 96 个字符。

In this printer, a chain of character sets is used, hence it is called Chain Printer. A standard character set may have 48, 64, or 96 characters.

Advantages

Advantages

  1. Character fonts can easily be changed.

  2. Different languages can be used with the same printer.

Disadvantages

Disadvantages

  1. Noisy

非冲击打印机在打印字符时不使用色带。这些打印机一次打印一整页，因此它们也被称为页面打印机。

Non-impact printers print the characters without using the ribbon. These printers print a complete page at a time, thus they are also called as Page Printers.

这类打印机分为两种 −

These printers are of two types −

  1. Laser Printers

  2. Inkjet Printers

Characteristics of Non-impact Printers

Characteristics of Non-impact Printers

  1. Faster than impact printers

  2. They are not noisy

  3. High quality

  4. Supports many fonts and different character size

它们是非冲击页面打印机。它们使用激光灯来产生点，从而形成要打印在页面上的字符。

These are non-impact page printers. They use laser lights to produce the dots needed to form the characters to be printed on a page.

laser printer

Advantages

Advantages

  1. Very high speed

  2. Very high quality output

  3. Good graphics quality

  4. Supports many fonts and different character size

Disadvantages

Disadvantages

  1. Expensive

  2. Cannot be used to produce multiple copies of a document in a single printing

喷墨打印机是基于较新技术的非冲击字符打印机。它们通过将小滴墨水喷洒到纸张上来打印字符。喷墨打印机产生具有可展示特性的高质量输出。

Inkjet printers are non-impact character printers based on a relatively new technology. They print characters by spraying small drops of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers produce high quality output with presentable features.

inkjet printer

它们发出的噪音较小，因为无需敲击，并且有许多可用的打印模式样式。还可以进行彩色打印。某些型号的喷墨打印机还可以生成多份打印副本。

They make less noise because no hammering is done and these have many styles of printing modes available. Color printing is also possible. Some models of Inkjet printers can produce multiple copies of printing also.

Advantages

Advantages

  1. High quality printing

  2. More reliable

Disadvantages

Disadvantages

  1. Expensive as the cost per page is high

  2. Slow as compared to laser printer