Computer Fundamentals 简明教程
Basics of Computer Networking
computer network 是多个计算机连接在一起以共享信息和资源的系统。
A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to each other to share information and resources.
Characteristics of a Computer Network
-
Share resources from one computer to another.
-
Create files and store them in one computer, access those files from the other computer(s) connected over the network.
-
Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax machine to one computer within the network and let other computers of the network use the machines available over the network.
以下是建立计算机网络所需硬件的列表。
Following is the list of hardware’s required to set up a computer network.
-
Network Cables
-
Distributors
-
Routers
-
Internal Network Cards
-
External Network Cards
Network Cables
网线用于连接计算机。最常用的线缆是 5 类线 RJ-45。
Network cables are used to connect computers. The most commonly used cable is Category 5 cable RJ-45.
Distributors
计算机可以通过串口连接到另一台计算机，但如果我们需要连接多台计算机来产生网络，则此串行连接将无法工作。
A computer can be connected to another one via a serial port but if we need to connect many computers to produce a network, this serial connection will not work.
解决方案是使用一个中心体，其他计算机、打印机、扫描仪等可以连接到它，然后这个中心体将管理或分配网络流量。
The solution is to use a central body to which other computers, printers, scanners, etc. can be connected and then this body will manage or distribute network traffic.
Router
路由器是一种充当网络中计算机和其他设备之间中心点的设备。它配有称为端口的孔。计算机和其他设备通过网线连接到路由器。如今，路由器采用无线模式，可以通过该模式在不使用任何物理线缆的情况下连接计算机。
A router is a type of device which acts as the central point among computers and other devices that are a part of the network. It is equipped with holes called ports. Computers and other devices are connected to a router using network cables. Now-a-days router comes in wireless modes using which computers can be connected without any physical cable.
Network Card
网卡是计算机的必要组件，没有它，计算机无法通过网络连接。它也称为网络适配器或网络接口卡 (NIC)。大多数品牌计算机都预装了网卡。网卡有两种类型：内部和外部网卡。
Network card is a necessary component of a computer without which a computer cannot be connected over a network. It is also known as the network adapter or Network Interface Card (NIC). Most branded computers have network card pre-installed. Network cards are of two types: Internal and External Network Cards.
Internal Network Cards
主板有一个用于插入内部网卡的插槽。内部网卡有两种类型，第一种类型使用外围组件互连 (PCI) 连接，而第二种类型使用工业标准架构 (ISA)。需要网线来提供网络访问。
Motherboard has a slot for internal network card where it is to be inserted. Internal network cards are of two types in which the first type uses Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) connection, while the second type uses Industry Standard Architecture (ISA). Network cables are required to provide network access.
