Data Structures Algorithms 简明教程
Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) Tutorial
Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) Tutorial
数据结构和算法 (DSA) 是任何编程语言的两个重要方面。每个编程语言都有自己的数据结构和用于处理这些数据结构的不同类型的算法。
Data structures and algorithms (DSA) are two important aspects of any programming language. Every programming language has its own data structures and different types of algorithms to handle these data structures.
数据结构用于组织和存储数据，以便在执行数据操作时有效地使用它。
Data Structures are used to organise and store data to use it in an effective way when performing data operations.
算法是一个循序渐进的过程，它定义了一组按特定顺序执行的指令，以获得所需的输出。算法通常独立于底层语言创建，即算法可以在不止一种编程语言中实现。
Algorithm is a step-by-step procedure, which defines a set of instructions to be executed in a certain order to get the desired output. Algorithms are generally created independent of underlying languages, i.e. an algorithm can be implemented in more than one programming language.
几乎每个企业应用程序都以一种或另一种方式使用各种类型的数据结构。因此，作为一名程序员，数据结构和算法是日常编程中非常重要的方面。
Almost every enterprise application uses various types of data structures in one or the other way. So, as a programmer, data structures and algorithms are really important aspects of day-to-day programming.
本教程将让您深入了解理解企业级应用程序的复杂性以及对算法和数据结构的需求所需的数据结构。
This tutorial will give you a great understanding on Data Structures needed to understand the complexity of enterprise level applications and need of algorithms, and data structures.
Why to Learn Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA)?
随着应用程序变得复杂且数据丰富，如今，应用程序面临着三个常见问题。
As applications are getting complex and data rich, there are three common problems that applications face now-a-days.
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Data Search − Consider an inventory of 1 million(106) items of a store. If the application is to search an item, it has to search an item in 1 million(106) items every time slowing down the search. As data grows, search will become slower.
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Processor speed − Processor speed although being very high, falls limited if the data grows to billion records.
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Multiple requests − As thousands of users can search data simultaneously on a web server, even the fast server fails while searching the data.
为了解决上述问题，数据结构应运而生。数据可以按数据结构组织，按这种方式，可能不需要搜索所有项目，并且可以几乎即时搜索所需数据。
To solve the above-mentioned problems, data structures come to rescue. Data can be organized in a data structure in such a way that all items may not be required to be searched, and the required data can be searched almost instantly.
How to start learning Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA)?
学习 DSA 的基本步骤如下：
The basic steps to learn DSA is as follows:
Step 1 - Learn Time and Space complexities
时间和空间复杂度是对执行代码所需时间量（时间复杂度）和执行代码所需空间量（空间复杂度）的度量。
Time and Space complexities are the measures of the amount of time required to execute the code (Time Complexity) and amount of space required to execute the code (Space Complexity).
Step 2 - Learn Different Data Structures
在这里，我们学习了不同类型的数据结构，如数组、栈、队列、链表等。
Here we learn different types of data structures like Array, Stack, Queye, Linked List et.
Step 3 - Learn Different Algorithms
一旦您很好地理解了各种数据结构，您就可以开始学习关联算法来处理存储在这些数据结构中的数据。这些算法包括搜索、排序和其他不同的算法。
Once you have good undertanding about various data sturtcures then you can start learning associated algorithms to process the data stored in these data structures. These algorithms include searching, sorting, and other different algorithms.
Applications of Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA)
从数据结构的角度来看，以下是一些重要的算法类别 -
From the data structure point of view, following are some important categories of algorithms −
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Search − Algorithm to search an item in a data structure.
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Sort − Algorithm to sort items in a certain order.
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Insert − Algorithm to insert item in a data structure.
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Update − Algorithm to update an existing item in a data structure.
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Delete − Algorithm to delete an existing item from a data structure.
可以使用数据结构解决以下计算机问题：
The following computer problems can be solved using Data Structures −
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Fibonacci number series
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Knapsack problem
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Tower of Hanoi
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All pair shortest path by Floyd-Warshall
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Shortest path by Dijkstra
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Project scheduling
Who Should Learn DSA
本教程专为计算机科学专业的学生和希望以简单易行的步骤学习数据结构和算法 (DSA) 编程的软件专业人员而设计。
This tutorial has been designed for Computer Science Students as well as Software Professionals who are willing to learn data Structures and Algorithm (DSA) Programming in simple and easy steps.
在本教程结束后，您将达到中级专业水平，您可以从此水平提升到高级专业水平。
After completing this tutorial you will be at intermediate level of expertise from where you can take yourself to higher level of expertise.
DSA Online Editor & Compiler
在本教程中，我们将使用四种不同的编程语言（C、C++、Java、Python）学习数据结构和算法。因此，我们为每种语言提供在线编译器来执行给定的代码。这样做，我们的目标是弥补对编译器的本地设置的需求。
In this tutorial, we will work with data structures and algorithms in four different programming languages: C, C++, Java, Python. So, we provide Online Compilers for each of these languages to execute the given code. Doing so, we are aiming to compromise the need for local setup for the compilers.
Prerequisites to Learn DSA
在开始本教程之前，您应基本了解 C 编程语言、文本编辑器、程序执行等。
Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of C programming language, text editor, and execution of programs, etc.
DSA Online Quiz
本数据结构和算法教程可帮助您为技术面试和认证考试做好准备。我们提供了各种测验和作业，以检验您的学习水平。所提供的测验包含多项选择题及其简单的解释性答案。
This Data Structures Algorithms tutorial helps you prepare for technical interviews and certification exams. We have provided various quizzes and assignments to check your learning level. Given quizzes have multiple choice type of questions and their answers with short explanation.
以下是样本测验，请尝试回答任何给定的答案：
Following is a sample quiz, try to attempt any of the given answers:
开始您的在线测验 Start Data Structures Algorithms Quiz 。
Start your online quiz Start Data Structures Algorithms Quiz.
DSA Jobs and Opportunities
随着越来越多的组织依靠 DSA 专家来解决复杂问题和制定数据驱动决策，对 DSA 专业人士的需求越来越大。您可以赚取有竞争力的薪水，具体薪酬可能会根据您的所在地、经验和职位而有所不同。
Professionals in DSA are in high demands as more and more organizations rely on them to solve complex problems and make data-driven decisions. You can earn competitive salaries, and the specific pay can vary based on your location, experience, and job role.
许多顶级公司都在积极聘请 DSA 专家，他们提供的职位包括软件工程师、数据科学家、机器学习工程师等。这些公司需要能够解决复杂问题、分析数据并创建算法以推动业务发展的人员。以下是其中一些公司列表 -
Many top companies are actively recruiting experts in DSA, and they offer roles such as Software Engineer, Data Scientist, Machine Learning Engineer, and more. These companies need individuals who can solve complex problems, analyse data, and create algorithms to drive their business forward. Here is the list of few such companies −
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Google
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Amazon
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Microsoft
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Apple
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Adobe
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JPMorgan Chase
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Goldman Sachs
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Walmart
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Johnson & Johnson
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Airbnb
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Tesla
这些只是几个示例，对 DSA 专业人员的需求在各个行业都在不断增长。通过培养这些领域的专业知识，您可以在一些全球领先的公司获得广泛的职业机会。
These are just a few examples, and the demand for DSA professionals is continually growing across various sectors. By developing expertise in these areas, you can open up a wide range of career opportunities in some of the world’s leading companies.
提供易于用户使用的教程和资源，帮助您掌握 DSA，以帮助您入门。这些材料旨在让您为技术面试和认证考试做好准备，您可以在任何时间、任何地点按照自己的进度学习。
To get started, there are user-friendly tutorials and resources available to help you master DSA. These materials are designed to prepare you for technical interviews and certification exams, and you can learn at your own pace, anytime and anywhere.