Design Thinking 简明教程

Design Thinking - Ideate Stage

设计思维过程的第三个组成部分是最有趣,而且可能也是最严格的部分。在称为“构思”的这一部分中,设计思维者应该提出 as many ideas as possible 。在对想法进行头脑风暴时,不会检查该想法是否可能、可行和可行的。思维者的唯一任务是尽可能多地思考他们的想法。

The third component of design thinking process is the most interesting and perhaps, the most rigorous as well. In this section, called Ideate, a design thinker is supposed to bring to the table as many ideas as possible. While brainstorming for ideas, it is not checked whether the idea is possible, feasible, and viable or not. The only task of thinkers is to think of as many ideas as possible for them.

在此过程中,设计思维者还诉诸于使用表格、便利贴、素描、图表纸、思维导图等。我们将在本节后面了解思维导图。设计思维者还利用了其他设计思维者的想法。设计思维者提出的所有解决方案都会被带到讨论桌上并进行思考。头脑风暴有规则。它们如下。

In this process, design thinkers also resort to the use of boards, sticky notes, sketching, chart papers, mind maps, etc. We will take a look at mind maps later in this section. Design thinkers also build on the ideas of other design thinkers. All solutions suggested by design thinkers are brought to the table and thought over. There are rules for brainstorming. They are as follows.

Rules for Brainstorming

  1. Only one conversation is allowed at a time. No other person must intervene when an idea is being given.

  2. Focus must be on the quantity and not on quality. In this step, the group must have large number of ideas with them.

  3. Think out of the blue. Wild ideas must be encouraged even if they invoke plain humor or seem impossible.

  4. The group leader must defer judgment. The fellow thinkers also need to suspend judgment. Judgmental attitude leads to an obstruction for the thinkers.

  5. Visualization is important. The design thinkers must create a visual picture of the problem statement and then try to see a visual image of their ideas as well.

  6. Build on each other’s ideas. Support other ideas and build on them through group discussions and healthy debates.

以下是在创意头脑风暴中使用的一种技术。

Following is one of the techniques to brainstorm for ideas.

Mind Maps

思维导图是一种图表,有助于直观地观察和学习信息。思维导图围绕一个问题陈述创建,解决问题的想法都会写在周围。问题陈述通常被写在一个空白页面的中心作为中心,分支以各个方向辐射代表解决方案。

Mind map is a diagram that helps to observe and study information in a visual manner. Mind map is created around a single problem statement and all the ideas to solve the problem are written around it. The problem statement usually is written at the center of a blank page as a hub and branches shoot out in all directions representing the solutions.

这些想法可以用文本、图像、树木,甚至更小的思维导图来表示。整个思维导图看起来像一棵树的顶视图,问题陈述为树干,解决方案为树枝。它也以 spider diagram 的名称而闻名。

The ideas can be represented as text, images, trees, and even smaller mind maps. The entire map looks like a top view of a tree, with the problem statement as the trunk and the solutions as branches. It is also known by the name of spider diagram.

但是,思维导图不仅仅是一个杂乱无章的图表。它是一个旨在 well-structured organized diagramaid the thinking process 进程的 streamline the analysis and synthesis 。创建思维导图的准则如下。

However, mind map is not a mere haphazard diagram. It is a well-structured organized diagram meant to aid the thinking process and to streamline the analysis and synthesis process. The guidelines to create a mind map are as follows.

Guidelines to Create Mind Maps

  1. Begin with the problem statement at the center of a blank white page.

  2. Use images, different colors, symbols, caricatures, abbreviations and codes to depict your ideas. Text can be boring, but different depictions can add an altogether different charm to your mind map.

  3. Keywords must replace long statements. The mind map must give a hint to the design thinker about an idea quickly. Reading a long statement is waste of time.

  4. Each and every word written in the mind map must be connected to the central hub by some or other line or set of lines.

  5. Use multiple colors for visual stimulation.

  6. Use radial hierarchy and make use of emphasis, italics, and underlines to stress on a point.

也可以借助草图、屏幕和故事板来构思流程。公司组织中有一些团队有很大的白板,他们使用便利贴将他们的想法贴在上面。不同类别的想法用不同颜色的便利贴表示,这有助于对想法进行分类。

Ideate process can also be done with the help of sketches, screens, and storyboards. There are teams in corporate organizations which have large whiteboards and they paste their ideas on it using sticky notes. Different categories of ideas are represented in sticky notes of different colors and this helps in segregation of ideas.

sticky notes

设计思维过程中的构思步骤背后的主要思想是产生想法并尝试将它们分类。这有助于在没有评判的情况下进行头脑风暴,有助于将所有想法带到讨论桌上,并帮助进行称为“原型制作”的下一步,在该步骤中,会检查想法的可行性和价值。

The main idea behind the ideate step in design thinking process is to generate ideas and try to segregate them into categories. This helps in brainstorming without judgment, helps in bringing all the ideas to the table and helps proceed to the next step called ‘Prototyping’, where the ideas are checked for their feasibility and value.

让我们设法构思 DT 问题。

Let’s try to ideate the DT problem.

让我们提出所有想法。一些想法可以如下。

Let’s bring out all the ideas. Some of the ideas can be as follows.

  1. Have a different mechanism for appraisal of employees.

  2. Organize events that feature team-building activities. This will help boost the morale of employees and will make them work in a team in a better fashion.

  3. Discard the appraisal system.

  4. Paste motivational posters in cubicles and pantry area.

  5. Call a motivational speaker and conduct a session.

  6. Encourage fellow employees to take the onus of motivating other employees.

  7. Introduce a bond period for the employees so that they don’t leave soon.

  8. Eliminate knowledge transfer program.

  9. Ask only for expert employees to join the organization.

  10. Ask employees to fend for themselves for knowledge transfer.

  11. Conduct large classroom sessions with a huge audience listening to one instructor.

  12. Make an online document for knowledge transfer program.

  13. Make video tutorials.

  14. Have online instructor teaching across geographies.

而且这个清单无休无止…。

And the list goes on endlessly….

你甚至可以提出更多更好的想法。想法的产生是没有止境的。

You can come up with even more and better ideas. There is no limit to the generation of ideas.

以学校为例。知识转移计划与学校教学生没有什么不同。学校如何设法让学生保持对学习的积极性?学校是如何教孩子的?

Take for example the case of schools. The knowledge transfer program is nothing much different than schools teaching the students. How does a school manage to keep the students motivated towards studies? How does a school teach the kids?

如果我们进行类比,我们就会明白在学校里,一位老师在一个教室里教大约 30-40 名孩子。为了让他们专注于学习,会定期进行考试。使用数字技术,智能教室使用视频、演示文稿和音频辅助工具来教孩子。

If we draw the analogy, we would understand that in schools, a single teacher teaches around 30-40 kids in a classroom. To keep them focused on studies, exams are conducted periodically. Using digital technology, smart classrooms teach kids using videos, presentations, and audio aids.

这种模式也可以在 DT 公司中复制。我们可以让一位讲师在视频和演示文稿的帮助下教授新员工。一场监考考试将有助于评估新员工的学习水平。

The same model can be replicated in DT company as well. We can have a single instructor teaching the new employees with the help of videos and presentations. A proctored exam will help to assess the learning levels of the new employees.