Digital-electronics 简明教程
Advantages and Limitations of Digital Systems
数字系统是一组相互连接的组件，可以处理、存储和传输数字数据，即以二进制代码形式表示的数据。数字信号是使用二进制值（0 和 1）表示的。数字系统可以理解和处理以 0 和 1 形式表示的数据和信息。
A digital system is an interconnected group of components that can process, store, and transmit digital data i.e., data represented in the form of binary codes. Digital signals are represented using binary values, 0s and 1s. A digital system can understand and manipulate data and information represented in the form of 0s and 1s.
数字系统高度依赖非常可靠和高效的电子组件，例如逻辑门和集成电路 (IC)。它们以其高速和可靠性而闻名。
Digital systems are implemented using highly reliable and efficient electronics components like logic gates and integrated circuits (ICs). They are known for their high speed and reliability.
数字系统广泛应用于通信、计算、控制系统、数据处理等各个领域。
Digital systems are extensively used in various fields like communication, computing, control system, data processing, etc.
数字系统的应用包括计算机、智能手机、平板电脑、电信网络等。如今，数字系统构成了我们现代技术世界的重要组成部分。在本章中，让我们重点关注数字系统的优点和缺点。
Examples of digital systems are computers, smartphones, tablets, telecommunication networks, etc. Today, digital systems form an essential part of our modern technological world. In this chapter, let’s focus on the advantages and disadvantages of digital systems.
Advantages of Digital Systems
与模拟系统相比，数字系统具有多项优势。下面说明了数字系统的一些重要优点 −
Digital systems offer several advantages over analog systems. Some of the important advantages of digital systems are explained below −
Easy to Design
众所周知，数字系统是只有两个电压电平（即高电压和低电压）的两态开关电路。因此，设计数字系统比较容易。
As we know, digital systems are two state switching circuits that have only two voltage levels namely, HIGH and LOW. Hence, it is easier to design a digital system.
对于数字系统，不需要了解电压的中间值，但它们所在的上下限值很重要。因此，数字电路的设计和实施复杂度较低。
In the case of digital systems, the knowledge of intermediate values of voltages are not important, but the lower and upper limits in which they fall are important. Therefore, digital circuits are less complex to design and implement.
Easy Information Storage
在数字系统中，数据和信息用二进制数字（即 0 和 1）表示。可用于存储数字数据的磁性、光学和半导体存储器类型有很多种。
In digital systems, data and information are represented in the form of binary digits, i.e., 0s and 1s. There are several types of magnetic, optical, and semiconductor memories available to store digital data.
在数字存储设备（例如优盘）中存储数字信息非常容易，与模拟存储设备相比，它提供了一种紧凑有效的长期数据存储方式。
It is very easy to store digital information in a digital storage device like pen drive that provides a compact and efficient method to store data for long periods as compared to analog storage devices.
High Accuracy and Precision
与模拟系统相比，数字系统具有更高的准确度和精度。这是因为，只需向系统添加更多数字电路即可轻松扩展数字系统以处理更多二进制数字。
Digital systems have higher accuracy and precision as compared to analog systems. This is because, it is very easy to expand a digital system to handle more binary digits just by adding more digital circuits to the system.
另外，数字系统具有很强的抗干扰能力。因此，它们可以无损地处理、存储和传输数据。
Also, digital systems are highly immune to interference. Hence, they can process, store, and transmit data without loss of accuracy.
Flexibility in Programming and Versatility
数字系统的操作可通过编写一组称为程序的指令来控制。我们可以轻松地对系统重新编程以更改其操作，而无需更改其硬件配置。因此，与模拟系统相比，数字系统用途更广泛。
The operation of a digital system can be controlled by writing a set of instructions called program. We can easily reprogram the system to change its operation without changing its hardware configuration. Hence, digital systems are more versatile than analog systems.
High Noise Immunity
在数字电子产品中，不需要的电子信号称为噪声。电子噪声会干扰系统的正常操作。数字系统可以有各种错误检查和校正机制，这使得它们比模拟系统更能抵抗噪声和干扰。
In digital electronics, unwanted electronic signals are called noise. The electronic noise can disturb the normal operation of a system. Digital systems can have various error checking and correction mechanisms that make them more immune to noise and interference over analog systems.
High Reliability and Durability
数字系统使用的组件对变化和老化不太敏感。与模拟系统相比，此特性使数字系统更可靠且更耐用。因此，数字系统可以在很长一段时间内始终如一地发挥作用。
Digital systems use components that are less susceptible to variations and aging. This characteristic makes the digital systems more reliable and durable as compared to analog systems. Hence, digital systems can be used with consistent performance for long periods.
Easy Fabrication on IC Chips
与模拟 IC 相比，数字集成电路的制造既简单又成本低。此外，由于数字 IC 不需要高值电容器、精密电阻器和电感器，因此数字 IC 可以实现更高的集成度。
The fabrication of digital integrated circuits is simple and less costly as compared to analog ICs. Also, higher degree of integration can be achieved in the case of digital ICs, as the digital ICs do not require high value capacitors, precision resistors, and inductors.
High Security
数字系统比模拟系统安全得多，因为我们可以实施各种高级安全和加密技术来保护存储在系统中的敏感信息。
Digital systems are highly secure than analog systems, as we can implement various advanced security and encryption technologies to protect sensitive information stored in the system.
所有这些都是数字系统的重大好处，使它们适合于各种应用，如计算、电信、自动化、机器人技术等。
All these are the major benefits of digital systems that make them suitable for various applications like computing, telecommunication, automation, robotics, and more.
然而，数字系统相较模拟系统也有一定的局限性。让我们在下一节讨论这些数字系统的局限性。
However, digital systems also have certain limitations over analog systems. Let’s discuss these limitations of digital systems in the following section.
Limitations of Digital Systems
数字系统具有许多优点，但它们也可能有一些限制，这些限制在设计和应用中起着至关重要的作用。以下是数字系统的一些关键限制：
Digital systems have numerous advantages, but they can also have some limitations that play a vital role in their designing and applications. The following are some key limitations of digital systems −
Need of Analog to Digital Conversion
在现实世界中，大多数物理量本质上都是模拟的。因此，在使用数字系统进行处理之前，我们需要将这些模拟量转换成数字形式。在处理结束时，结果也会被转换回模拟形式。
In the real world, most physical quantities are analog in nature. Hence, before processing using a digital system, we need to convert these analog quantities into digital form. At the end of processing, the results are also converted back to the analog form.
Increased Complexity and Cost
因为数字系统需要模拟到数字和数字到模拟转换器和复杂的算法才能执行操作。这些做法增加了系统的设计复杂性和成本。
As the digital systems require analog to digital and digital to analog converter and complex algorithms to perform operations. These practices increase complexity and cost of designing of the system.
Slow Processing Speed
虽然数字系统速度快，但由于需要极快的处理速度，它们无法用于某些实时应用。在这种情况下，模拟系统比数字系统更合适。
Although digital systems have fast speeds, they cannot be used in some real-time applications due to need of extremely high processing speed. Under such situations, analog systems are more suitable over digital systems.
Sampling Rate Limitations
现实世界中的信号是模拟的，因此，在将它们转换为数字信号时，适当的采样很重要。如果采样率选择不正确，则可能导致数字系统中信息的丢失。因此，数字系统也受到采样率的限制。
Real-world signals are analog, hence, proper sampling is important while converting them into digital signals. If the sampling rate is not chosen correctly, it can result in the loss of information in the digital system. Hence, digital systems are also subjected to a limitation in sampling rate.
Voltage Level Limitations
由于数字系统使用二进制电压电平（即高电压和低电压），因此它们受一定范围的电压电平限制。由于这个原因，数字系统不能用于需要连续范围电压的应用中。
As digital systems use binary volage levels i.e., HIGH and LOW voltages. Therefore, they are limited in a certain range of voltage levels. Due to this reason, digital systems cannot be used in applications where a continuous range of voltages is required.
Conclusion
数字系统具有多种优点，使其适合用于现代技术应用。由于高可靠性、易于集成、高安全性等，数字系统正被广泛用于电信、医疗、科学、研究等各个领域。
Digital systems have several advantages that make them suitable to use in modern technological applications. Due to high reliability, ease of integration, high security, etc. digital systems are being widely used in various fields like telecommunication, medical, science, research, etc.
电子工程师和设计人员正在持续努力优化数字系统，以提高其性能和应用领域。
Electronics engineers and designers are continuously working to optimize the digital systems to increase their performance and area of applications.
然而，数字系统有一些限制，如有限分辨率、有限电压电平和采样率、相对较慢的速度等。在设计和实施中必须解决这些限制，以实现数字技术的更佳进步。
Digital systems however have some limitations like finite resolution, limited voltage levels and sampling rates, relatively slow speed, etc. These limitations have to be addressed while designing and implementation for better advancement in digital technologies.