Digital-electronics 简明教程
Digital Logic Operations
在数字电子领域，执行了许多 digital logic operations ，这些被认为是基本构建块。所有数字逻辑运算都基于二进制数系统和布尔代数，其中数据和信息以二进制 0 和 1 的形式表示。数字逻辑运算用于操作二进制数字以执行各种任务。
In the field of digital electronics, many digital logic operations are performed which are considered as the fundamental building blocks. All the digital logic operations are based on the binary number system and Boolean algebra, where the data and information are represented in the form of binary 0s and 1s. Digital logic operations are used to manipulate the binary digits to perform various tasks.
在本章中，我们将了解数字电子领域中常用的数字逻辑运算。以下是一些广泛使用的数字逻辑运算：
In this chapter, we will learn about commonly used digital logic operations in the field of digital electronics. Here are some widely used digital logic operations −
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Arithmetic Operations
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Logical Operations
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Encoding and Decoding
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Multiplexing and Demultiplexing
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Code Conversion
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Comparison
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Counting
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Data Storage
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Data Transmission
让我们详细讨论每个数字逻辑运算以及它们的应用。
Let’s discuss each of these digital logic operations in detail along with their applications.
Arithmetic Operations in Digital Electronics
算术运算是一些基本的数学运算，如加法、减法、乘法、除法等。在数字电子中，这些算术运算使用加法器、减法器、乘法器等各种数字电路执行。
Arithmetic operations are basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc. In digital electronics, these arithmetic operations are performed using various digital circuits like adders, subtractors, multiplier, etc.
在数字电子系统中，给定数字首先转换为二进制格式，然后对其执行所需的运算。
In digital electronic systems, the given numbers are first converted into binary format and then desired operations are performed on them.
算术运算是在微处理器、计算器、微控制器等各种数字电子系统中执行的基本运算之一。
Arithmetic operations are one of the fundamental operations performed using various digital electronic systems like microprocessors, calculators, microcontrollers, etc.
数字系统执行的四种主要算术运算如下：
The following are the four main arithmetic operations performed by a digital system −
Addition
加法是通过使用称为加法器的数字逻辑电路来执行的。它可以对两个数字进行加法，并生成一个和值和一个进位输出。例如，如果 8 和 5 是两个数字，那么加法器将产生和值项 3 和进位输出 1。
Addition is performed by using a digital logic circuit called adder. It adds two numbers and generates a sum and a carry as output. For example, if 8 and 5 are two numbers, then adder will produce a sum term 3 and a carry output 1.
Subtraction
算术运算减法是通过使用称为减法器的数字逻辑电路来执行的。它可以对两个数字进行减法，并生成一个差值项和一个借位项输出。
The arithmetic operation subtraction is performed by using a digital logic circuit called subtractor. It performs the subtraction of two numbers and produces a difference term and a borrow term as output.
Logical Operations in Digital Electronics
逻辑运算用于比较两个输入参数以做出决策。数字系统中常用的逻辑运算包括或、与、非、与非、或非、异或和异或非。所有这些逻辑运算都用于处理二进制数据以在数字系统中做出关键决策。
Logical operations are used to compare two input parameters to make a decision. The commonly used logical operations in digital systems are OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. All these logical operations are used to manipulate binary data to make crucial decisions in a digital system.
逻辑运算广泛用于开发编程中的算法和条件语句。
Logical operations are widely used for developing algorithms and conditional statements in programming.
以下是数字电子学中常用的逻辑运算 −
Here are the commonly used logical operations in digital electronics −
AND
它是一种基本逻辑运算，通过使用称为与门的数字电路来执行。在与运算中，输出仅在所有输入都为真时才为真。
It is a basic logic operation performed by using a digital circuit called AND gate. In the AND operation, the output is true only if all of the inputs are true.
OR
或是在数字电子学中的另一种基本逻辑运算。它通过使用称为或门的数字逻辑电路来执行。如果任何输入为真，它会产生真输出。
OR is another basic logic operation in digital electronics. It is performed by using a digital logic circuit called OR gate. It produces a true output if any of the inputs are true.
NOT
非是通过使用称为非门或反相器的电路执行的一种数字逻辑运算。它也称为反相运算。它会生成输入的补码。
NOT is a digital logic operation performed by using a circuit called NOT gate or inverter. It is also known as inversion operation. It generates a complement of the input.
NAND
与非是与运算和非运算的组合。它通过使用称为与非门的数字电路来执行。与非门的输出仅在所有输入都为真时才为假。
NAND is a combination of AND and NOT operation. It is performed by using a digital circuit called NAND gate. The output of the NAND gate is false only if all of the inputs are true.
NOR
此逻辑运算或运算和非运算的组合。它通过使用称为或非门的数字电路来执行。在或非运算的情况下，如果任何输入为真，输出为假。
This logical operation is a combination of OR and NOT operations. It is performed by using a digital circuit called NOR gate. In the case of NOR operation, the output is false if any of the inputs are true.
XOR
异或或互斥或逻辑运算通过使用称为异或门的数字逻辑电路来执行。在异或运算的情况下，如果真输入的数量为奇数，则输出为真。
The logical operation XOR or Exclusive OR is performed by using a digital logic circuit called XOR gate. In the case of XOR operation, the output is true if the number of true inputs is odd.
XNOR
异或非逻辑运算异或和非运算的组合。它通过使用称为异或非门的数字逻辑电路来执行。在异或非门的情况下，如果所有输入都为真或都为假，则输出为真。
The logical operation XNOR is a combination of XOR and NOT operations. It is performed by using a digital logic circuit called XNOR gate. In the case of XNOR gate, the output is true if all of the inputs are either true or false.
Encoding and Decoding in Digital Electronics
在数字电子学中，编码是一种用于将熟悉的数字或符号转换为编码格式的数字逻辑运算。称为编码器的数字电路用于执行编码，编码器接收数字、字母和符号，并将其转换为它们各自的二进制码。
In digital electronics, encoding is a digital logic operation used to convert a familiar number or symbol into a coded format. A digital circuit called encoder is used to perform encoding, where the encoder receives digits, alphabets, and symbols and converts them into their respective binary codes.
另一方面，解码是编码的逆运算。它通过使用称为解码器的数字逻辑电路来执行。解码是一种数字逻辑运算，涉及将二进制编码信息转换为其他格式，如十进制、八进制、十六进制、字母或符号。
On the other hand, decoding is the inverse operation of encoding. It is performed by using a digital logic circuit called decoder. Decoding is a digital logic operation that involves the conversion of a binary-coded information to other format like decimal, octal, hexadecimal, alphabets or symbols.
编码和解码都用于数字通信、纠错、数据压缩等。
Both encoding and decoding are used in digital communication, error correction, data compression, etc.
Multiplexing and Demultiplexing in Digital Electronics
复用是一种将多个信号组合成一个信号的数字逻辑运算。因此，它也被称为数据共享或选择。称为复用器的数字电路用于执行复用。复用涉及将信息从多个输入线路切换到单个输出线路上的特定顺序的过程。
Multiplexing is a digital logic operation that combines multiple signals into a single signal. Hence, it is also termed as data sharing or selecting. A digital circuit called multiplexer is used to perform multiplexing. Multiplexing involves the process of switching information from multiple input lines on to a single output line in a specific sequence.
解复用是复用的逆过程。在解复用的情况下，信息从一条输入线路切换到多条输出线路。用于执行解复用的数字电路称为解复用器。
Demultiplexing is the reverse process of multiplexing. In the case of demultiplexing, information is switched from one input line on to multiple output lines. The digital circuit used to perform demultiplexing is called a demultiplexer.
多路复用和解复用是用于优化通信通道的数字逻辑运算中广泛使用的两种运算。
Multiplexing and demultiplexing are two widely used digital logic operation in optimization of communication channels.
Code Conversion in Digital Electronics
代码转换是一种数字逻辑运算，涉及将一种形式编码的信息转换为另一种形式。该操作通过使用称代码转换器的数字电路来执行。
Code conversion is a digital logic operation that involves converting information coded in one form to another form. It is performed by using a digital circuit called code converter.
代码转换在不同数字系统之间的接口中是一项基本操作。代码转换器的一些常见示例包括 BCD 到 XS-3 转换器、XS-3 到格雷码转换器等。
Code conversion is an essential operation in interfacing between different digital systems. Some common examples of code converters are BCD to XS-3 converter, XS-3 to gray converter, etc.
Comparison Operation in Digital Electronics
比较是使用称作比较器的数字电路执行的一项数字逻辑运算。比较器比较两个数量并生成输出信号指示两个输入数量是否相等。
Comparison is a digital logic operation performed using a digital circuit called comparator. The comparator compares two quantities and generates an output signal indicating whether the two input quantities are equal or not.
Counting Operation in Digital Electronics
计数是通过使用称作计数器的数字电路执行的一项数字逻辑运算。该操作包括对二进制数字的增量或减量进行计数。
Counting is a digital logic operation performed by using a digital circuit called counter. It involves the counting of increase or decrease in binary numbers.
计数操作在各种数字设备中发挥着至关重要的作用，如存储器、定时器、数字时钟、微处理器等。该操作用于控制数字系统中的操作顺序。
Counting operation plays a vital role in various digital devices like memory, timers, digital clocks, microprocessors, etc. It is used to control the sequence of operation in a digital system.
Data Storage in Digital Electronics
数据存储是数字系统中一项基本操作。该操作包括存储和检索存储在存储器设备中的数字数据和信息。数据存储可以使用各种数字存储设备进行，如触发器、寄存器、存储器单元等。
Data storage is an essential operation in digital systems. It involves storing and retrieving digital data and information stored in the memory devices. Data storage can be performed using various digital storage devices like flip-flops, registers, memory units, etc.
Data Transmission in Digital Electronics
数据传输是一种数字逻辑运算，其中二进制数据在数字系统的某一点传输到另一点。在数字电子学中，数据传输可通过有线或无线信道进行。
Data transmission is a digital logic operation in which binary data is transferred from one point to another in a digital system. In digital electronics, data transmission can be done either through wires or wireless channels.
数据传输是数字通信中的一项基本操作，其中数据在系统的不同组件之间交换。
Data transmission is a fundamental operation in digital communication where data is exchanged between different components of the system.
Conclusion
总之，数字逻辑运算用于处理二进制数据以执行各种操作。它们被认为是微处理器、微控制器、存储器设备、通信系统等数字系统中的基本构建模块。因此，了解数字逻辑运算对于设计可靠的数字系统和理解它们的特性至关重要。
In conclusion, digital logic operations are used to manipulate binary data to perform various operations. They are considered as the fundamental building blocks of digital systems like microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory devices, communication systems, etc. Hence, it is essential to understand the digital logic operations for designing reliable digital systems and understand their behavior.
在本章中，我们涵盖了所有基本的数字逻辑运算及其应用。在下一章中，我们将学习数字系统的优点和缺点。
In this chapter, we covered all the essential digital logic operations along with their applications. In the next chapter, we will learn the advantages and limitations of digital systems.