Django 简明教程

Django - File Uploading

web 应用程序通常需要能够上传文件(个人资料图片、歌曲、pdf、文字……)。让我们在本章讨论如何在上传文件。

Uploading an Image

在开始使用图像前,请确保你已安装了 Python 图像库 (PIL)。现在,为了说明如何上传图像,我们将在 myapp/forms.py 中创建一个个人资料表单 −

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django import forms

class ProfileForm(forms.Form):
   name = forms.CharField(max_length = 100)
   picture = forms.ImageFields()

正如你所见,这里的关键区别仅仅是 forms.ImageField 。ImageField 将确保上传的文件是图像。如果不是,表单验证将失败。

现在,我们创建一个“个人资料”模型来保存我们上传的个人资料。这在 myapp/models.py 中完成 −

from django.db import models

class Profile(models.Model):
   name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
   picture = models.ImageField(upload_to = 'pictures')

   class Meta:
      db_table = "profile"

正如你为模型所见,ImageField 需要必填参数 upload_to 。这代表你的图像将被保存到的硬盘驱动器位置。注意参数将被添加到在 settings.py 文件中定义的 MEDIA_ROOT 选项中。

现在我们有了表单和模型,让我们在 myapp/views.py 中创建视图 −

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from myapp.forms import ProfileForm
from myapp.models import Profile

def SaveProfile(request):
   saved = False

   if request.method == "POST":
      #Get the posted form
      MyProfileForm = ProfileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)

      if MyProfileForm.is_valid():
         profile = Profile()
         profile.name = MyProfileForm.cleaned_data["name"]
         profile.picture = MyProfileForm.cleaned_data["picture"]
         profile.save()
         saved = True
   else:
      MyProfileForm = Profileform()

   return render(request, 'saved.html', locals())

不要错过的部分是创建 ProfileForm 时有改动,我们增加了第二个参数 request.FILES 。如果没有通过表单验证,它将失败,并给出图片为空的消息。

现在,我们只需要 saved.html 模板和 profile.html 模板,分别用于表单和重定向页面 −

myapp/templates/saved.html

<html>
   <body>

      {% if saved %}
         <strong>Your profile was saved.</strong>
      {% endif %}

      {% if not saved %}
         <strong>Your profile was not saved.</strong>
      {% endif %}

   </body>
</html>

myapp/templates/profile.html

<html>
   <body>

      <form name = "form" enctype = "multipart/form-data"
         action = "{% url "myapp.views.SaveProfile" %}" method = "POST" >{% csrf_token %}

         <div style = "max-width:470px;">
            <center>
               <input type = "text" style = "margin-left:20%;"
               placeholder = "Name" name = "name" />
            </center>
         </div>

         <br>

         <div style = "max-width:470px;">
            <center>
               <input type = "file" style = "margin-left:20%;"
                  placeholder = "Picture" name = "picture" />
            </center>
         </div>

         <br>

         <div style = "max-width:470px;">
            <center>

               <button style = "border:0px;background-color:#4285F4; margin-top:8%;
                  height:35px; width:80%; margin-left:19%;" type = "submit" value = "Login" >
                  <strong>Login</strong>
               </button>

            </center>
         </div>

      </form>

   </body>
</html>

接下来,我们需要一对 URL 来开始:myapp/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from django.views.generic import TemplateView

urlpatterns = patterns(
   'myapp.views', url(r'^profile/',TemplateView.as_view(
      template_name = 'profile.html')), url(r'^saved/', 'SaveProfile', name = 'saved')
)

当访问“/myapp/profile”时,我们将得到以下呈现的 profile.html 模板 −

uploading image

在发布表单时,将渲染已保存的模板 −

form post template

我们有一个图像示例,但是,如果你想上传其他类型的文件,而不仅仅是图片,只需在 Model 和 Form 中用 FileField 替换 ImageField