Documentdb Sql 简明教程

DocumentDB SQL - Operators

运算符是主要在 SQL WHERE 子句中用来执行运算(如比较和算术运算)的保留字或字符。DocumentDB SQL 还支持各种标量表达式。最常用的表达式是 binary and unary expressions

目前支持以下 SQL 运算符,并且可以在查询中使用它们。

SQL Comparison Operators

以下是 DocumentDB SQL 语法中所有比较运算符的列表。

S.No.

Operators & Description

1

= 检查两个操作数的值是否相等。如果相等,则条件为 true。

2

!= 检查两个操作数的值是否不等。如果不等,则条件为 true。

3

<> 检查两个操作数的值是否不等。如果不等,则条件为 true。

4

> 检查左操作数的值是否大于右操作数的值。如果相等,则条件为 true。

5

< 检查左操作数的值是否小于右操作数的值。如果相等,则条件为 true。

6

>= 检查左操作数的值是否大于或等于右操作数的值。如果相等,则条件为 true。

7

⇐ 检查左操作数的值是否小于或等于右操作数的值。如果相等,则条件为 true。

SQL Logical Operators

以下是 DocumentDB SQL 语法中所有逻辑运算符的列表。

S.No.

Operators & Description

1

AND AND 运算符允许在 SQL 语句的 WHERE 子句中存在多个条件。

2

BETWEEN BETWEEN 运算符用于搜索给定最小值和最大值的集合值。

3

IN IN 运算符用于将一个值与已指定的一系列文本值进行比较。

4

OR OR 运算符用于组合 SQL 语句 WHERE 子句中的多个条件。

5

NOT NOT 运算符会逆转与之结合使用的逻辑运算符的含义。例如,NOT EXISTS、NOT BETWEEN、NOT IN 等。这是一个否定运算符。

SQL Arithmetic Operators

以下是 DocumentDB SQL 语法中所有算术运算符的列表。

S.No.

Operators & Description

1

+ Addition - 加法:将运算符两侧的值相加。

2

- Subtraction - 减法:用左操作数减去右操作数。

3

Multiplication - 乘法:将运算符两侧的值相乘。

4

/ Division - 除法:用左操作数除以右操作数。

5

% Modulus − 将左操作数除以右操作数并返回余数。

在这个示例中我们也会考虑相同的文档。以下是 AndersenFamily 文档。

{
   "id": "AndersenFamily",
   "lastName": "Andersen",

   "parents": [
      { "firstName": "Thomas", "relationship":  "father" },
      { "firstName": "Mary Kay", "relationship":  "mother" }
   ],

   "children": [
      {
         "firstName": "Henriette Thaulow",
         "gender": "female",
         "grade": 5,
         "pets": [ { "givenName": "Fluffy", "type":  "Rabbit" } ]
      }
   ],

   "location": { "state": "WA", "county": "King", "city": "Seattle" },
   "isRegistered": true
}

以下是 SmithFamily 文档。

{
   "id": "SmithFamily",

   "parents": [
      { "familyName": "Smith", "givenName": "James" },
      { "familyName": "Curtis", "givenName": "Helen" }
   ],

   "children": [
      {
         "givenName": "Michelle",
         "gender": "female",
         "grade": 1
      },

      {
         "givenName": "John",
         "gender": "male",
         "grade": 7,

         "pets": [
            { "givenName": "Tweetie", "type": "Bird" }
         ]
      }
   ],

   "location": {
      "state": "NY",
      "county": "Queens",
      "city": "Forest Hills"
   },

   "isRegistered": true
}

以下是 WakefieldFamily 文档。

{
   "id": "WakefieldFamily",

   "parents": [
      { "familyName": "Wakefield", "givenName": "Robin" },
      { "familyName": "Miller", "givenName": "Ben" }
   ],

   "children": [
      {
         "familyName": "Merriam",
         "givenName": "Jesse",
         "gender": "female",
         "grade": 6,

         "pets": [
            { "givenName": "Charlie Brown", "type": "Dog" },
            { "givenName": "Tiger", "type": "Cat" },
            { "givenName": "Princess", "type": "Cat" }
         ]
      },

      {
         "familyName": "Miller",
         "givenName": "Lisa",
         "gender": "female",
         "grade": 3,

         "pets": [
            { "givenName": "Jake", "type": "Snake" }
         ]
      }
   ],

   "location": { "state": "NY", "county": "Manhattan", "city": "NY" },
   "isRegistered": false
}

我们来通过一个简单的示例了解一下 WHERE 子句中比较运算符的使用。

comparison operator

在这个查询中,在 WHERE 子句中指定了 (WHERE f.id = "WakefieldFamily") 条件,它将检索 id 等于 WakefieldFamily 的文档。

SELECT *
FROM f
WHERE f.id = "WakefieldFamily"

执行上述查询时,它会返回 WakefieldFamily 的完整 JSON 文档,如下面的输出所示。

[
   {
      "id": "WakefieldFamily",
      "parents": [
         {
            "familyName": "Wakefield",
            "givenName": "Robin"
         },

         {
            "familyName": "Miller",
            "givenName": "Ben"
         }
      ],

      "children": [
         {
            "familyName": "Merriam",
            "givenName": "Jesse",
            "gender": "female",
            "grade": 6,

            "pets": [
               {
                  "givenName": "Charlie Brown",
                  "type": "Dog"
               },

               {
                  "givenName": "Tiger",
                  "type": "Cat"
               },

               {
                  "givenName": "Princess",
                  "type": "Cat"
               }
            ]

         },

         {
            "familyName": "Miller",
            "givenName": "Lisa",
            "gender": "female",
            "grade": 3,

            "pets": [
               {
                  "givenName": "Jake",
                  "type": "Snake"
               }
            ]
         }
      ],

      "location": {
         "state": "NY",
         "county": "Manhattan",
         "city": "NY"
      },

      "isRegistered": false,
      "_rid": "Ic8LAJFujgECAAAAAAAAAA==",
      "_ts": 1450541623,
      "_self": "dbs/Ic8LAA==/colls/Ic8LAJFujgE=/docs/Ic8LAJFujgECAAAAAAAAAA==/",
      "_etag": "\"00000500-0000-0000-0000-567582370000\"",
      "_attachments": "attachments/"
   }
]

我们来看另一个示例,其中该查询将检索成绩大于 5 的儿童数据。

SELECT *
FROM Families.children[0] c
WHERE (c.grade > 5)

执行上述查询后,将按照输出中所示检索以下子文档。

[
   {
      "familyName": "Merriam",
      "givenName": "Jesse",
      "gender": "female",
      "grade": 6,

      "pets": [
         {
            "givenName": "Charlie Brown",
            "type": "Dog"
         },

         {
            "givenName": "Tiger",
            "type": "Cat"
         },

         {
            "givenName": "Princess",
            "type": "Cat"
         }
      ]
   }
]