Fortran 简明教程
Fortran - Variables
变量只不过是一个存储区域的名称,我们的程序可以对其进行操作。每个变量应该有特定的类型,它确定变量内存的大小和布局;可以在该内存内存储的值范围;以及可以应用于该变量的操作集。
变量的名称可以由字母、数字和下划线字符组成。Fortran 中的名称必须遵循以下规则:
-
It cannot be longer than 31 characters.
-
It must be composed of alphanumeric characters (all the letters of the alphabet, and the digits 0 to 9) and underscores (_).
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First character of a name must be a letter.
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Names are case-insensitive.
根据前一章中解释的基本类型,以下是有类型变量:
Sr.No |
Type & Description |
1 |
Integer 它只能存储整数。 |
2 |
Real 它存储浮点数。 |
3 |
Complex 它用于存储复数。 |
4 |
Logical 它存储逻辑布尔值。 |
5 |
Character 它存储字符或字符串。 |
Variable Declaration
变量在程序(或子程序)开始时在类型声明语句中进行声明。
变量声明的语法如下:
type-specifier :: variable_name
For example
integer :: total
real :: average
complex :: cx
logical :: done
character(len = 80) :: message ! a string of 80 characters
稍后,您可以将值赋给这些变量,例如:
total = 20000
average = 1666.67
done = .true.
message = “A big Hello from Tutorials Point”
cx = (3.0, 5.0) ! cx = 3.0 + 5.0i
您还可以使用内在函数 cmplx, 将值赋给复变量:
cx = cmplx (1.0/2.0, -7.0) ! cx = 0.5 – 7.0i
cx = cmplx (x, y) ! cx = x + yi
Example
以下示例演示变量声明、赋值和屏幕显示:
program variableTesting
implicit none
! declaring variables
integer :: total
real :: average
complex :: cx
logical :: done
character(len=80) :: message ! a string of 80 characters
!assigning values
total = 20000
average = 1666.67
done = .true.
message = "A big Hello from Tutorials Point"
cx = (3.0, 5.0) ! cx = 3.0 + 5.0i
Print *, total
Print *, average
Print *, cx
Print *, done
Print *, message
end program variableTesting
编译并执行上述代码后,将产生以下结果 −
20000
1666.67004
(3.00000000, 5.00000000 )
T
A big Hello from Tutorials Point