Hibernate 简明教程
Hibernate - Batch Processing
设想一下这种情况：你需要使用 Hibernate 上传大量记录到你的数据库。以下是使用 Hibernate 实现此目标的代码段：
Session session = SessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
for ( int i=0; i<100000; i++ ) {
Employee employee = new Employee(.....);
session.save(employee);
}
tx.commit();
session.close();默认情况下，Hibernate 会将所有持久化对象缓存在会话级缓存中，最终你的应用程序会在大约第 50,000 行时因 OutOfMemoryException 而崩溃。如果你将 batch processing 与 Hibernate 一起使用，则可以解决此问题。
要使用批处理功能，首先将 hibernate.jdbc.batch_size 设置为批量大小，以 20 或 50 的数字作为对象大小。这将告知 Hibernate 容器将每 X 行插入为一批。要在你的代码中实现此功能，我们需要进行如下小修改：
Session session = SessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
for ( int i=0; i<100000; i++ ) {
Employee employee = new Employee(.....);
session.save(employee);
if( i % 50 == 0 ) { // Same as the JDBC batch size
//flush a batch of inserts and release memory:
session.flush();
session.clear();
}
}
tx.commit();
session.close();上面的代码适用于 INSERT 操作，但如果你愿意执行 UPDATE 操作，则可以使用以下代码来实现：
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
ScrollableResults employeeCursor = session.createQuery("FROM EMPLOYEE").scroll();
int count = 0;
while ( employeeCursor.next() ) {
Employee employee = (Employee) employeeCursor.get(0);
employee.updateEmployee();
seession.update(employee);
if ( ++count % 50 == 0 ) {
session.flush();
session.clear();
}
}
tx.commit();
session.close();Batch Processing Example
让我们修改配置文件以添加 hibernate.jdbc.batch_size 属性：
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration SYSTEM
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name = "hibernate.dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
</property>
<property name = "hibernate.connection.driver_class">
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
</property>
<!-- Assume students is the database name -->
<property name = "hibernate.connection.url">
jdbc:mysql://localhost/test
</property>
<property name = "hibernate.connection.username">
root
</property>
<property name = "hibernate.connection.password">
root123
</property>
<property name = "hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">
50
</property>
<!-- List of XML mapping files -->
<mapping resource = "Employee.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>考虑以下 POJO Employee 类：
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int salary;
public Employee() {}
public Employee(String fname, String lname, int salary) {
this.firstName = fname;
this.lastName = lname;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId( int id ) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName( String first_name ) {
this.firstName = first_name;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName( String last_name ) {
this.lastName = last_name;
}
public int getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary( int salary ) {
this.salary = salary;
}
}让我们创建以下 EMPLOYEE 表来存储 Employee 对象：
create table EMPLOYEE (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,
salary INT default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
);以下是将 Employee 对象与 EMPLOYEE 表映射的映射文件：
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name = "Employee" table = "EMPLOYEE">
<meta attribute = "class-description">
This class contains the employee detail.
</meta>
<id name = "id" type = "int" column = "id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name = "firstName" column = "first_name" type = "string"/>
<property name = "lastName" column = "last_name" type = "string"/>
<property name = "salary" column = "salary" type = "int"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>最后，我们将创建带有 main() 方法的应用程序类来运行应用程序，在应用程序中，我们将使用 Session 对象附带的 flush() 和 clear() 方法，以便 Hibernate 继续将这些记录写入数据库，而不是将它们缓存在内存中。
import java.util.*;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class ManageEmployee {
private static SessionFactory factory;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();
/* Add employee records in batches */
ME.addEmployees( );
}
/* Method to create employee records in batches */
public void addEmployees( ){
Session session = factory.openSession();
Transaction tx = null;
Integer employeeID = null;
try {
tx = session.beginTransaction();
for ( int i=0; i<100000; i++ ) {
String fname = "First Name " + i;
String lname = "Last Name " + i;
Integer salary = i;
Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);
session.save(employee);
if( i % 50 == 0 ) {
session.flush();
session.clear();
}
}
tx.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx!=null) tx.rollback();
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
session.close();
}
return ;
}
}