Hive 简明教程

HiveQL - Select-Group By

本章解释了 SELECT 语句中 GROUP BY 从句的详细信息。GROUP BY 从句用于使用特定收集列对结果集汇总所有记录。它用于查询一组记录。

This chapter explains the details of GROUP BY clause in a SELECT statement. The GROUP BY clause is used to group all the records in a result set using a particular collection column. It is used to query a group of records.

Syntax

GROUP BY 从句的语法如下：

The syntax of GROUP BY clause is as follows:

SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] select_expr, select_expr, ...
FROM table_reference
[WHERE where_condition]
[GROUP BY col_list]
[HAVING having_condition]
[ORDER BY col_list]]
[LIMIT number];

Example

我们来看一个 SELECT…GROUP BY 从句的示例。假设员工表如下所示，其中有 Id、Name、Salary、Designation 和 Dept 字段。生成一个查询来获取每个部门的员工数量。

Let us take an example of SELECT…GROUP BY clause. Assume employee table as given below, with Id, Name, Salary, Designation, and Dept fields. Generate a query to retrieve the number of employees in each department.

+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
| ID   | Name         | Salary      | Designation       | Dept   |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
|1201  | Gopal        | 45000       | Technical manager | TP     |
|1202  | Manisha      | 45000       | Proofreader       | PR     |
|1203  | Masthanvali  | 40000       | Technical writer  | TP     |
|1204  | Krian        | 45000       | Proofreader       | PR     |
|1205  | Kranthi      | 30000       | Op Admin          | Admin  |
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+

以下查询使用以上方案来检索员工详细信息。

The following query retrieves the employee details using the above scenario.

hive> SELECT Dept,count(*) FROM employee GROUP BY DEPT;

在成功执行查询后，您可以看到以下响应：

On successful execution of the query, you get to see the following response:

+------+--------------+
| Dept | Count(*)     |
+------+--------------+
|Admin |    1         |
|PR    |    2         |
|TP    |    3         |
+------+--------------+

JDBC Program

下面是将 Group By 从句应用于给定示例的 JDBC 程序。

Given below is the JDBC program to apply the Group By clause for the given example.

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.DriverManager;

public class HiveQLGroupBy {
   private static String driverName = "org.apache.hadoop.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver";

   public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

      // Register driver and create driver instance
      Class.forName(driverName);

      // get connection
      Connection con = DriverManager.
      getConnection("jdbc:hive://localhost:10000/userdb", "", "");

      // create statement
      Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

      // execute statement
      Resultset res = stmt.executeQuery(“SELECT Dept,count(*) ” + “FROM employee GROUP BY DEPT; ”);
      System.out.println(" Dept \t count(*)");

      while (res.next()) {
         System.out.println(res.getString(1) + " " + res.getInt(2));
      }
      con.close();
   }
}

将程序保存在名为 HiveQLGroupBy.java 的文件中。使用以下命令编译并执行此程序。

Save the program in a file named HiveQLGroupBy.java. Use the following commands to compile and execute this program.

$ javac HiveQLGroupBy.java
$ java HiveQLGroupBy

Output:

 Dept     Count(*)
 Admin       1
 PR          2
 TP          3