Internet Of Things 简明教程
Internet of Things - Identity Protection
IoT 设备收集有关其环境的数据，其中包括人员。这些好处带来了巨大的风险。但是，数据本身并不构成危险，其深度却构成危险。高度详细的数据收集勾勒出个人的非常清晰的画面，给罪犯提供了利用他人的所有信息。
IoT devices collect data about their environment, which includes people. These benefits introduce heavy risk. The data itself does not present the danger, however, its depth does. The highly detailed data collection paints a very clear picture of an individual, giving criminals all the information they need to take advantage of someone.
人们也可能 unaware of 隐私级别；例如，娱乐设备可能会收集音视频数据，或“监视”消费者，并共享私密信息。由于感兴趣敏感数据的各方众多且情况各异，对该数据的需求和价格加剧了这个问题。
People may also not be aware of the level of privacy; for example, entertainment devices may gather A/V data, or “watch” a consumer, and share intimate information. The demand and price for this data exacerbates the issue considering the number and diversity of parties interested in sensitive data.
特定于 IoT 技术的问题导致其许多隐私问题，这些问题主要源于用户无法建立和控制隐私−
Problems specific to IoT technology lead to many of its privacy issues, which primarily stem from the user’s inability to establish and control privacy −
Consent
在互联系统中，用于“通知和同意”的传统模式通常会强制实施现有的隐私保护。它允许用户与隐私机制交互，并通常通过接受协议或限制操作来设置首选项。许多 IoT 设备没有此类设置。用户不仅没有控制权，而且还无法获得任何有关设备活动的透明度。
The traditional model for “notice and consent” within connected systems generally enforces existing privacy protections. It allows users to interact with privacy mechanisms, and set preferences typically through accepting an agreement or limiting actions. Many IoT devices have no such accommodations. Users not only have no control, but they are also not afforded any transparency regarding device activities.
The Right to be Left Alone
在某些情况下，用户对隐私有正常期望。这源于人们普遍接受的公共和私人空间观念；例如，个人在商业空间看到监控摄像头并不惊讶，但他们并不希望在自己的私家车中看到这些摄像头。物联网设备挑战了人们认为的“留守权”等规范。即使在公共场所，物联网也会越过预期隐私的界限，因为其功能强大。
Users have normal expectations for privacy in certain situations. This comes from the commonly accepted idea of public and private spaces; for example, individuals are not surprised by surveillance cameras in commercial spaces, however, they do not expect them in their personal vehicle. IoT devices challenge these norms people recognize as the “right to be left alone.” Even in public spaces, IoT creeps beyond the limits of expected privacy due to its power.
Indistinguishable Data
物联网以多种方式部署。物联网实施在很大程度上仍然以群体为目标，而不是以个人为目标。即使用户同意物联网设备执行每个操作，也并非每个系统都能合理地处理每组首选项；例如，复杂组件中的小型设备无法满足它们仅在几秒钟内遇到的数万名用户的请求。
IoT deploys in a wide variety of ways. Much of IoT implementation remains group targeted rather than personal. Even if users give IoT devices consent for each action, not every system can reasonably process every set of preferences; for example, small devices in a complex assembly cannot honor the requests of tens of thousands of users they encounter for mere seconds.
Granularity
现代大数据对隐私构成了重大威胁，但物联网因其规模和私密性而使问题更加复杂。它不仅能够进入被动系统无法进入的地方，而且还能无处不在收集数据。这支持创建高度详细的个人资料，从而助长歧视，并使个人面临身体、财务和名誉损害。
Modern big data poses a substantial threat to privacy, but IoT compounds the issue with its scale and intimacy. It goes not only where passive systems cannot, but it collects data everywhere. This supports creation of highly detailed profiles which facilitate discrimination and expose individuals to physical, financial, and reputation harm.
Comfort
物联网的发展使其正常化。用户开始适应他们所认为的安全技术。物联网还缺乏在传统互联系统中警告用户的透明度；因此，许多人采取行动时没有考虑潜在后果。
The growth of IoT normalizes it. Users become comfortable with what they perceive as safe technology. IoT also lacks the transparency that warns users in traditional connected systems; consequently, many act without any consideration for the potential consequences.