Java 简明教程

public class MyFirstJavaProgram {

   /* This is my first java program.
    * This will print 'Hello World' as the output
    */

   public static void main(String []args) {
      System.out.println("Hello World"); // prints Hello World
   }
}

C:\> javac MyFirstJavaProgram.java
C:\> java MyFirstJavaProgram
Hello World

class FreshJuice {
   enum FreshJuiceSize{ SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE }
   FreshJuiceSize size;
}

public class FreshJuiceTest {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      FreshJuice juice = new FreshJuice();
      juice.size = FreshJuice.FreshJuiceSize.MEDIUM ;
      System.out.println("Size: " + juice.size);
   }
}

Size: MEDIUM

public class MyFirstJavaProgram {

   /* This is my first java program.
    * This will print 'Hello World' as the output
    * This is an example of multi-line comments.
    */

   public static void main(String []args) {
      // This is an example of single line comment
      /* This is also an example of single line comment. */
      System.out.println("Hello World");
   }
}

Hello World

public class Test {
   public void pupAge() {
      int age = 0;
      age = age + 7;
      System.out.println("Puppy age is : " + age);
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Test test = new Test();
      test.pupAge();
   }
}

Puppy age is: 7

public class Test {
   public void pupAge() {
      int age;
      age = age + 7;
      System.out.println("Puppy age is : " + age);
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Test test = new Test();
      test.pupAge();
   }
}

Test.java:4:variable number might not have been initialized
age = age + 7;
         ^
1 error

import java.io.*;

public class Employee {

   // this instance variable is visible for any child class.
   public String name;

   // salary  variable is visible in Employee class only.
   private double salary;

   // The name variable is assigned in the constructor.
   public Employee (String empName) {
      name = empName;
   }

   // The salary variable is assigned a value.
   public void setSalary(double empSal) {
      salary = empSal;
   }

   // This method prints the employee details.
   public void printEmp() {
      System.out.println("name  : " + name );
      System.out.println("salary :" + salary);
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Employee empOne = new Employee("Ransika");
      empOne.setSalary(1000);
      empOne.printEmp();
   }
}

name  : Ransika
salary :1000.0

import java.io.*;

public class Employee {

   // salary  variable is a private static variable
   private static double salary;

   // DEPARTMENT is a constant
   public static final String DEPARTMENT = "Development ";

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      salary = 1000;
      System.out.println(DEPARTMENT + "average salary:" + salary);
   }
}

Development average salary:1000

public class JavaTester {
   public static void main(String args[]) {

      byte byteValue1 = 2;
      byte byteValue2 = 4;
      byte byteResult = (byte)(byteValue1 + byteValue2);

      System.out.println("Byte: " + byteResult);

      short shortValue1 = 2;
      short shortValue2 = 4;
      short shortResult = (short)(shortValue1 + shortValue2);

      System.out.println("Short: " + shortResult);

      int intValue1 = 2;
      int intValue2 = 4;
      int intResult = intValue1 + intValue2;

      System.out.println("Int: " + intResult);

      long longValue1 = 2L;
      long longValue2 = 4L;
      long longResult = longValue1 + longValue2;

      System.out.println("Long: " + longResult);

      float floatValue1 = 2.0f;
      float floatValue2 = 4.0f;
      float floatResult = floatValue1 + floatValue2;

      System.out.println("Float: " + floatResult);

      double doubleValue1 = 2.0;
      double doubleValue2 = 4.0;
      double doubleResult = doubleValue1 + doubleValue2;

      System.out.println("Double: " + doubleResult);

      boolean booleanValue = true;

      System.out.println("Boolean: " + booleanValue);

      char charValue = 'A';

      System.out.println("Char: " + charValue);
   }
}

Byte: 6
Short: 6
Int: 6
Long: 6
Float: 6.0
Double: 6.0
Boolean: true
Char: A

"Hello World"
"two\nlines"
"\"This is in quotes\""

char a = '\u0001';
String a = "\u0001";

public class JavaTester {
   public static void main(String args[]) {

      int decimal = 100;
      int octal = 0144;
      int hexa =  0x64;

      System.out.println(decimal);
      System.out.println(octal);
      System.out.println(hexa);

      String msg1 = "Hello World";
      String msg2 = "two\nlines";
      String msg3 = "\"This is in quotes\"";

      System.out.println(msg1);
      System.out.println(msg2);
      System.out.println(msg3);

      char a = '\u0064';
      String msg4 = "\u0064";

      System.out.println(a);
      System.out.println(msg4);
   }
}

100
100
100
Hello World
two
lines
"This is in quotes"
d
d

variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

( Object reference variable ) instanceof  (class/interface type)

for(declaration : expression) {
   // Statements
}

public class Test {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      int [] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

      for(int x : numbers ) {
         System.out.print( x );
         System.out.print(",");
      }
      System.out.print("\n");
      String [] names = {"James", "Larry", "Tom", "Lacy"};

      for( String name : names ) {
         System.out.print( name );
         System.out.print(",");
      }
   }
}

10, 20, 30, 40, 50,
James, Larry, Tom, Lacy,

public class Dog {
   String breed;
   int age;
   String color;

   void barking() {
   }

   void hungry() {
   }

   void sleeping() {
   }
}

public class Puppy {
   public Puppy() {
   }

   public Puppy(String name) {
      // This constructor has one parameter, name.
   }
}

public class Puppy {
   public Puppy(String name) {
      // This constructor has one parameter, <i>name</i>.
      System.out.println("Passed Name is :" + name );
   }

   public static void main(String []args) {
      // Following statement would create an object myPuppy
      Puppy myPuppy = new Puppy( "tommy" );
   }
}

Passed Name is :tommy

public class Puppy {
   int puppyAge;

   public Puppy(String name) {
      // This constructor has one parameter, <i>name</i>.
      System.out.println("Name chosen is :" + name );
   }

   public void setAge( int age ) {
      puppyAge = age;
   }

   public int getAge( ) {
      System.out.println("Puppy's age is :" + puppyAge );
      return puppyAge;
   }

   public static void main(String []args) {
      /* Object creation */
      Puppy myPuppy = new Puppy( "tommy" );

      /* Call class method to set puppy's age */
      myPuppy.setAge( 2 );

      /* Call another class method to get puppy's age */
      myPuppy.getAge( );

      /* You can access instance variable as follows as well */
      System.out.println("Variable Value :" + myPuppy.puppyAge );
   }
}

Name chosen is :tommy
Puppy's age is :2
Variable Value :2

import java.io.*;
public class Employee {

   String name;
   int age;
   String designation;
   double salary;

   // This is the constructor of the class Employee
   public Employee(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }

   // Assign the age of the Employee  to the variable age.
   public void empAge(int empAge) {
      age = empAge;
   }

   /* Assign the designation to the variable designation.*/
   public void empDesignation(String empDesig) {
      designation = empDesig;
   }

   /* Assign the salary to the variable	salary.*/
   public void empSalary(double empSalary) {
      salary = empSalary;
   }

   /* Print the Employee details */
   public void printEmployee() {
      System.out.println("Name:"+ name );
      System.out.println("Age:" + age );
      System.out.println("Designation:" + designation );
      System.out.println("Salary:" + salary);
   }
}

import java.io.*;
public class EmployeeTest {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      /* Create two objects using constructor */
      Employee empOne = new Employee("James Smith");
      Employee empTwo = new Employee("Mary Anne");

      // Invoking methods for each object created
      empOne.empAge(26);
      empOne.empDesignation("Senior Software Engineer");
      empOne.empSalary(1000);
      empOne.printEmployee();

      empTwo.empAge(21);
      empTwo.empDesignation("Software Engineer");
      empTwo.empSalary(500);
      empTwo.printEmployee();
   }
}

C:\> javac Employee.java
C:\> javac EmployeeTest.java
C:\> java EmployeeTest
Name:James Smith
Age:26
Designation:Senior Software Engineer
Salary:1000.0
Name:Mary Anne
Age:21
Designation:Software Engineer
Salary:500.0

public static int methodName(int a, int b) {
   // body
}

modifier returnType nameOfMethod (Parameter List) {
   // method body
}

/** the snippet returns the minimum between two numbers */

public static int minFunction(int n1, int n2) {
   int min;
   if (n1 > n2)
      min = n2;
   else
      min = n1;

   return min;
}

public class ExampleMinNumber {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      int a = 11;
      int b = 6;
      int c = minFunction(a, b);
      System.out.println("Minimum Value = " + c);
   }

   /** returns the minimum of two numbers */
   public static int minFunction(int n1, int n2) {
      int min;
      if (n1 > n2)
         min = n2;
      else
         min = n1;

      return min;
   }
}

Minimum value = 6

public class ExampleVoid {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      methodRankPoints(255.7);
   }

   public static void methodRankPoints(double points) {
      if (points >= 202.5) {
         System.out.println("Rank:A1");
      }else if (points >= 122.4) {
         System.out.println("Rank:A2");
      }else {
         System.out.println("Rank:A3");
      }
   }
}

Rank:A1

public class swappingExample {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      int a = 30;
      int b = 45;
      System.out.println("Before swapping, a = " + a + " and b = " + b);

      // Invoke the swap method
      swapFunction(a, b);
      System.out.println("\n**Now, Before and After swapping values will be same here**:");
      System.out.println("After swapping, a = " + a + " and b is " + b);
   }

   public static void swapFunction(int a, int b) {
      System.out.println("Before swapping(Inside), a = " + a + " b = " + b);

      // Swap n1 with n2
      int c = a;
      a = b;
      b = c;
      System.out.println("After swapping(Inside), a = " + a + " b = " + b);
   }
}

Before swapping, a = 30 and b = 45
Before swapping(Inside), a = 30 b = 45
After swapping(Inside), a = 45 b = 30

**Now, Before and After swapping values will be same here**:
After swapping, a = 30 and b is 45

public class ExampleOverloading {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      int a = 11;
      int b = 6;
      double c = 7.3;
      double d = 9.4;
      int result1 = minFunction(a, b);

      // same function name with different parameters
      double result2 = minFunction(c, d);
      System.out.println("Minimum Value = " + result1);
      System.out.println("Minimum Value = " + result2);
   }

   // for integer
   public static int minFunction(int n1, int n2) {
      int min;
      if (n1 > n2)
         min = n2;
      else
         min = n1;

      return min;
   }

   // for double
   public static double minFunction(double n1, double n2) {
     double min;
      if (n1 > n2)
         min = n2;
      else
         min = n1;

      return min;
   }
}

Minimum Value = 6
Minimum Value = 7.3

public class CommandLine {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      for(int i = 0; i<args.length; i++) {
         System.out.println("args[" + i + "]: " +  args[i]);
      }
   }
}

$java CommandLine this is a command line 200 -100

args[0]: this
args[1]: is
args[2]: a
args[3]: command
args[4]: line
args[5]: 200
args[6]: -100

public class This_Example {
   // Instance variable num
   int num = 10;

   This_Example() {
      System.out.println("This is an example program on keyword this");
   }

   This_Example(int num) {
      // Invoking the default constructor
      this();

      // Assigning the local variable <i>num</i> to the instance variable <i>num</i>
      this.num = num;
   }

   public void greet() {
      System.out.println("Hi Welcome to Tutorialspoint");
   }

   public void print() {
      // Local variable num
      int num = 20;

      // Printing the local variable
      System.out.println("value of local variable num is : "+num);

      // Printing the instance variable
      System.out.println("value of instance variable num is : "+this.num);

      // Invoking the greet method of a class
      this.greet();
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      // Instantiating the class
      This_Example obj1 = new This_Example();

      // Invoking the print method
      obj1.print();

      // Passing a new value to the num variable through parametrized constructor
      This_Example obj2 = new This_Example(30);

      // Invoking the print method again
      obj2.print();
   }
}

This is an example program on keyword this
value of local variable num is : 20
value of instance variable num is : 10
Hi Welcome to Tutorialspoint
This is an example program on keyword this
value of local variable num is : 20
value of instance variable num is : 30
Hi Welcome to Tutorialspoint

public class VarargsDemo {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      // Call method with variable args
	  printMax(34, 3, 3, 2, 56.5);
      printMax(new double[]{1, 2, 3});
   }

   public static void printMax( double... numbers) {
      if (numbers.length == 0) {
         System.out.println("No argument passed");
         return;
      }

      double result = numbers[0];

      for (int i = 1; i <  numbers.length; i++)
      if (numbers[i] >  result)
      result = numbers[i];
      System.out.println("The max value is " + result);
   }
}

The max value is 56.5
The max value is 3.0

Public class MyClass {
   Int num;
   MyClass() {
      num = 100;
   }
}

public class ConsDemo {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      MyClass t1 = new MyClass();
      MyClass t2 = new MyClass();
      System.out.println(t1.num + " " + t2.num);
   }
}

100 100

// A simple constructor.
class MyClass {
   int x;

   // Following is the constructor
   MyClass(int i ) {
      x = i;
   }
}

public class ConsDemo {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      MyClass t1 = new MyClass( 10 );
      MyClass t2 = new MyClass( 20 );
      System.out.println(t1.x + " " + t2.x);
   }
}

10 20

String version = "1.5.1";

boolean processOrder() {
   return true;
}

public class Logger {
   private String format;

   public String getFormat() {
      return this.format;
   }

   public void setFormat(String format) {
      this.format = format;
   }
}

public static void main(String[] arguments) {
   // ...
}

class AudioPlayer {
   protected boolean openSpeaker(Speaker sp) {
      // implementation details
   }
}

class StreamingAudioPlayer extends AudioPlayer {
   boolean openSpeaker(Speaker sp) {
      // implementation details
   }
}

public class Puppy {
   private int age;
   String name;

   public Puppy() {
   }

   public void setAge( int age ) {
      this.age = age;
   }

   public int getAge( ) {
      return age;
   }

   public static void main(String []args) {
      Puppy myPuppy = new Puppy();

      // update age variable using method call
      myPuppy.setAge( 2 );

      // update name directly
      myPuppy.name = "Tommy";
      System.out.println("Age: " + myPuppy.getAge() +", name: " + myPuppy.name );
   }
}

Age: 2, name: Tommy

class Super {
   .....
   .....
}
class Sub extends Super {
   .....
   .....
}

class Calculation {
   int z;

   public void addition(int x, int y) {
      z = x + y;
      System.out.println("The sum of the given numbers:"+z);
   }

   public void Subtraction(int x, int y) {
      z = x - y;
      System.out.println("The difference between the given numbers:"+z);
   }
}

public class My_Calculation extends Calculation {
   public void multiplication(int x, int y) {
      z = x * y;
      System.out.println("The product of the given numbers:"+z);
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      int a = 20, b = 10;
      My_Calculation demo = new My_Calculation();
      demo.addition(a, b);
      demo.Subtraction(a, b);
      demo.multiplication(a, b);
   }
}

javac My_Calculation.java
java My_Calculation

The sum of the given numbers:30
The difference between the given numbers:10
The product of the given numbers:200

Calculation demo = new My_Calculation();
demo.addition(a, b);
demo.Subtraction(a, b);

super.variable
super.method();

class Super_class {
   int num = 20;

   // display method of superclass
   public void display() {
      System.out.println("This is the display method of superclass");
   }
}

public class Sub_class extends Super_class {
   int num = 10;

   // display method of sub class
   public void display() {
      System.out.println("This is the display method of subclass");
   }

   public void my_method() {
      // Instantiating subclass
      Sub_class sub = new Sub_class();

      // Invoking the display() method of sub class
      sub.display();

      // Invoking the display() method of superclass
      super.display();

      // printing the value of variable num of subclass
      System.out.println("value of the variable named num in sub class:"+ sub.num);

      // printing the value of variable num of superclass
      System.out.println("value of the variable named num in super class:"+ super.num);
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Sub_class obj = new Sub_class();
      obj.my_method();
   }
}

javac Super_Demo
java Super

This is the display method of subclass
This is the display method of superclass
value of the variable named num in sub class:10
value of the variable named num in super class:20

class Superclass {
   int age;

   Superclass(int age) {
      this.age = age;
   }

   public void getAge() {
      System.out.println("The value of the variable named age in super class is: " +age);
   }
}

public class Subclass extends Superclass {
   Subclass(int age) {
      super(age);
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Subclass s = new Subclass(24);
      s.getAge();
   }
}

javac Subclass
java Subclass

The value of the variable named age in super class is: 24

class Animal {
}

class Mammal extends Animal {
}

class Reptile extends Animal {
}

public class Dog extends Mammal {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Animal a = new Animal();
      Mammal m = new Mammal();
      Dog d = new Dog();

      System.out.println(m instanceof Animal);
      System.out.println(d instanceof Mammal);
      System.out.println(d instanceof Animal);
   }
}

true
true
true

public interface Animal {
}

public class Mammal implements Animal {
}

public class Dog extends Mammal {
}

interface Animal{}
class Mammal implements Animal{}

public class Dog extends Mammal {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Mammal m = new Mammal();
      Dog d = new Dog();

      System.out.println(m instanceof Animal);
      System.out.println(d instanceof Mammal);
      System.out.println(d instanceof Animal);
   }
}

true
true
true

public class Vehicle{}
public class Speed{}

public class Van extends Vehicle {
   private Speed sp;
}

public class extends Animal, Mammal{}

/* File name : Employee.java */
public class Employee {
   private String name;
   private String address;
   private int number;

   public Employee(String name, String address, int number) {
      System.out.println("Constructing an Employee");
      this.name = name;
      this.address = address;
      this.number = number;
   }

   public void mailCheck() {
      System.out.println("Mailing a check to " + this.name + " " + this.address);
   }

   public String toString() {
      return name + " " + address + " " + number;
   }

   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   public String getAddress() {
      return address;
   }

   public void setAddress(String newAddress) {
      address = newAddress;
   }

   public int getNumber() {
      return number;
   }
}

/* File name : Salary.java */
public class Salary extends Employee {
   private double salary; // Annual salary

   public Salary(String name, String address, int number, double salary) {
      super(name, address, number);
      setSalary(salary);
   }

   public void mailCheck() {
      System.out.println("Within mailCheck of Salary class ");
      System.out.println("Mailing check to " + getName()
      + " with salary " + salary);
   }

   public double getSalary() {
      return salary;
   }

   public void setSalary(double newSalary) {
      if(newSalary >= 0.0) {
         salary = newSalary;
      }
   }

   public double computePay() {
      System.out.println("Computing salary pay for " + getName());
      return salary/52;
   }
}

/* File name : VirtualDemo.java */
public class VirtualDemo {

   public static void main(String [] args) {
      Salary s = new Salary("Mohd Mohtashim", "Ambehta, UP", 3, 3600.00);
      Employee e = new Salary("John Adams", "Boston, MA", 2, 2400.00);
      System.out.println("Call mailCheck using Salary reference --");
      s.mailCheck();
      System.out.println("\n Call mailCheck using Employee reference--");
      e.mailCheck();
   }
}

class Employee {
   private String name;
   private String address;
   private int number;

   public Employee(String name, String address, int number) {
      System.out.println("Constructing an Employee");
      this.name = name;
      this.address = address;
      this.number = number;
   }

   public void mailCheck() {
      System.out.println("Mailing a check to " + this.name + " " + this.address);
   }

   public String toString() {
      return name + " " + address + " " + number;
   }

   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   public String getAddress() {
      return address;
   }

   public void setAddress(String newAddress) {
      address = newAddress;
   }

   public int getNumber() {
      return number;
   }
}

class Salary extends Employee {
   private double salary; // Annual salary

   public Salary(String name, String address, int number, double salary) {
      super(name, address, number);
      setSalary(salary);
   }

   public void mailCheck() {
      System.out.println("Within mailCheck of Salary class ");
      System.out.println("Mailing check to " + getName()
      + " with salary " + salary);
   }

   public double getSalary() {
      return salary;
   }

   public void setSalary(double newSalary) {
      if(newSalary >= 0.0) {
         salary = newSalary;
      }
   }

   public double computePay() {
      System.out.println("Computing salary pay for " + getName());
      return salary/52;
   }
}

Constructing an Employee
Constructing an Employee

Call mailCheck using Salary reference --
Within mailCheck of Salary class
Mailing check to Mohd Mohtashim with salary 3600.0

Call mailCheck using Employee reference--
Within mailCheck of Salary class
Mailing check to John Adams with salary 2400.0

class Animal {
   public void move() {
      System.out.println("Animals can move");
   }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
   public void move() {
      super.move();   // invokes the super class method
      System.out.println("Dogs can walk and run");
   }
}

public class TestDog {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Animal b = new Dog();   // Animal reference but Dog object
      b.move();   // runs the method in Dog class
   }
}

Animals can move
Dogs can walk and run

/* File name : Employee.java */
public abstract class Employee {
   private String name;
   private String address;
   private int number;

   public Employee(String name, String address, int number) {
      System.out.println("Constructing an Employee");
      this.name = name;
      this.address = address;
      this.number = number;
   }

   public double computePay() {
     System.out.println("Inside Employee computePay");
     return 0.0;
   }

   public void mailCheck() {
      System.out.println("Mailing a check to " + this.name + " " + this.address);
   }

   public String toString() {
      return name + " " + address + " " + number;
   }

   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   public String getAddress() {
      return address;
   }

   public void setAddress(String newAddress) {
      address = newAddress;
   }

   public int getNumber() {
      return number;
   }
}

/* File name : AbstractDemo.java */
public class AbstractDemo {

   public static void main(String [] args) {
      /* Following is not allowed and would raise error */
      Employee e = new Employee("George W.", "Houston, TX", 43);
      System.out.println("\n Call mailCheck using Employee reference--");
      e.mailCheck();
   }
}

abstract class Employee {
   private String name;
   private String address;
   private int number;

   public Employee(String name, String address, int number) {
      System.out.println("Constructing an Employee");
      this.name = name;
      this.address = address;
      this.number = number;
   }

   public double computePay() {
     System.out.println("Inside Employee computePay");
     return 0.0;
   }

   public void mailCheck() {
      System.out.println("Mailing a check to " + this.name + " " + this.address);
   }

   public String toString() {
      return name + " " + address + " " + number;
   }

   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   public String getAddress() {
      return address;
   }

   public void setAddress(String newAddress) {
      address = newAddress;
   }

   public int getNumber() {
      return number;
   }
}

Employee.java:46: Employee is abstract; cannot be instantiated
      Employee e = new Employee("George W.", "Houston, TX", 43);
                   ^
1 error

/* File name : Salary.java */
public class Salary extends Employee {
   private double salary;   // Annual salary

   public Salary(String name, String address, int number, double salary) {
      super(name, address, number);
      setSalary(salary);
   }

   public void mailCheck() {
      System.out.println("Within mailCheck of Salary class ");
      System.out.println("Mailing check to " + getName() + " with salary " + salary);
   }

   public double getSalary() {
      return salary;
   }

   public void setSalary(double newSalary) {
      if(newSalary >= 0.0) {
         salary = newSalary;
      }
   }

   public double computePay() {
      System.out.println("Computing salary pay for " + getName());
      return salary/52;
   }
}

/* File name : AbstractDemo.java */
public class AbstractDemo {

   public static void main(String [] args) {
      Salary s = new Salary("Mohd Mohtashim", "Ambehta, UP", 3, 3600.00);
      Employee e = new Salary("John Adams", "Boston, MA", 2, 2400.00);
      System.out.println("Call mailCheck using Salary reference --");
      s.mailCheck();
      System.out.println("\n Call mailCheck using Employee reference--");
      e.mailCheck();
   }
}
abstract class Employee {
   private String name;
   private String address;
   private int number;

   public Employee(String name, String address, int number) {
      System.out.println("Constructing an Employee");
      this.name = name;
      this.address = address;
      this.number = number;
   }

   public double computePay() {
     System.out.println("Inside Employee computePay");
     return 0.0;
   }

   public void mailCheck() {
      System.out.println("Mailing a check to " + this.name + " " + this.address);
   }

   public String toString() {
      return name + " " + address + " " + number;
   }

   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   public String getAddress() {
      return address;
   }

   public void setAddress(String newAddress) {
      address = newAddress;
   }

   public int getNumber() {
      return number;
   }
}
class Salary extends Employee {
   private double salary;   // Annual salary

   public Salary(String name, String address, int number, double salary) {
      super(name, address, number);
      setSalary(salary);
   }

   public void mailCheck() {
      System.out.println("Within mailCheck of Salary class ");
      System.out.println("Mailing check to " + getName() + " with salary " + salary);
   }

   public double getSalary() {
      return salary;
   }

   public void setSalary(double newSalary) {
      if(newSalary >= 0.0) {
         salary = newSalary;
      }
   }

   public double computePay() {
      System.out.println("Computing salary pay for " + getName());
      return salary/52;
   }
}

Constructing an Employee
Constructing an Employee
Call mailCheck using Salary reference --
Within mailCheck of Salary class
Mailing check to Mohd Mohtashim with salary 3600.0

 Call mailCheck using Employee reference--
Within mailCheck of Salary class
Mailing check to John Adams with salary 2400.0

public abstract class Employee {
   private String name;
   private String address;
   private int number;

   public abstract double computePay();
   // Remainder of class definition
}

/* File name : Salary.java */
public class Salary extends Employee {
   private double salary;   // Annual salary

   public double computePay() {
      System.out.println("Computing salary pay for " + getName());
      return salary/52;
   }
   // Remainder of class definition
}

/* File name : AbstractDemo.java */
public class AbstractDemo {
   public static void main(String [] args) {
      Salary s = new Salary("Mohd Mohtashim", "Ambehta, UP", 3, 3600.00);
      System.out.println("salary: " + s.computePay());
   }
}
abstract class Employee {
   private String name;
   private String address;
   private int number;

   public Employee(String name, String address, int number) {
      System.out.println("Constructing an Employee");
      this.name = name;
      this.address = address;
      this.number = number;
   }

   public abstract double computePay();
      // Remainder of class definition

   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }

   public String getAddress() {
      return address;
   }

   public void setAddress(String address) {
      this.address = address;
   }

   public int getNumber() {
      return number;
   }

   public void setNumber(int number) {
      this.number = number;
   }
}
class Salary extends Employee {
   private double salary;   // Annual salary

   public Salary(String name, String address, int number, double salary) {
      super(name, address, number);
      this.salary = salary;
   }

   public double computePay() {
      System.out.println("Computing salary pay for " + getName());
      return salary/52;
   }
   // Remainder of class definition
}

Constructing an Employee
Computing salary pay for Mohd Mohtashim
salary: 69.23076923076923

/* File name : NameOfInterface.java */
import java.lang.*;
// Any number of import statements

public interface NameOfInterface {
   // Any number of final, static fields
   // Any number of abstract method declarations\
}

/* File name : Animal.java */
interface Animal {
   public void eat();
   public void travel();
}

/* File name : MammalInt.java */
public class MammalInt implements Animal {

   public void eat() {
      System.out.println("Mammal eats");
   }

   public void travel() {
      System.out.println("Mammal travels");
   }

   public int noOfLegs() {
      return 0;
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      MammalInt m = new MammalInt();
      m.eat();
      m.travel();
   }
}
interface Animal {
   public void eat();
   public void travel();
}

Mammal eats
Mammal travels

// Filename: Sports.java
public interface Sports {
   public void setHomeTeam(String name);
   public void setVisitingTeam(String name);
}

// Filename: Football.java
public interface Football extends Sports {
   public void homeTeamScored(int points);
   public void visitingTeamScored(int points);
   public void endOfQuarter(int quarter);
}

// Filename: Hockey.java
public interface Hockey extends Sports {
   public void homeGoalScored();
   public void visitingGoalScored();
   public void endOfPeriod(int period);
   public void overtimePeriod(int ot);
}

interface Sports {
   public void setHomeTeam(String name);
   public void setVisitingTeam(String name);
}

interface Football extends Sports {
   public void homeTeamScored(int points);
   public void visitingTeamScored(int points);
   public void endOfQuarter(int quarter);
}

interface Hockey extends Sports {
   public void homeGoalScored();
   public void visitingGoalScored();
   public void endOfPeriod(int period);
   public void overtimePeriod(int ot);
}

public class HockeyDemo implements Hockey {

   public void setHomeTeam(String name) {
      System.out.println("Home team: " + name);
   }

   public void setVisitingTeam(String name) {}

   public void homeGoalScored() {}

   public void visitingGoalScored() {}

   public void endOfPeriod(int period) {}

   public void overtimePeriod(int ot) {}

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Hockey hockeyDemo = new HockeyDemo();
      hockeyDemo.setHomeTeam("India");
   }
}

Home team: India

public interface Hockey extends Sports, Event

interface Sports {
   public void setHomeTeam(String name);
   public void setVisitingTeam(String name);
}

interface Football extends Sports {
   public void homeTeamScored(int points);
   public void visitingTeamScored(int points);
   public void endOfQuarter(int quarter);
}

interface Hockey extends Sports {
   public void homeGoalScored();
   public void visitingGoalScored();
   public void endOfPeriod(int period);
   public void overtimePeriod(int ot);
}

interface Event {
   public void organize();
}
public class HockeyDemo implements Hockey, Event {

   public void setHomeTeam(String name) {
      System.out.println("Home team: " + name);
   }

   public void setVisitingTeam(String name) {}

   public void homeGoalScored() {}

   public void visitingGoalScored() {}

   public void endOfPeriod(int period) {}

   public void overtimePeriod(int ot) {}

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      HockeyDemo hockeyDemo = new HockeyDemo();
      hockeyDemo.setHomeTeam("India");
      hockeyDemo.organize();
   }

   public void organize() {
      System.out.println("Match organized. ");
   }
}

Home team: India
Match organized.

package java.util;
public interface EventListener
{}

/* File name : Animal.java */
package animals;

interface Animal {
   public void eat();
   public void travel();
}

package animals;
/* File name : MammalInt.java */

public class MammalInt implements Animal {

   public void eat() {
      System.out.println("Mammal eats");
   }

   public void travel() {
      System.out.println("Mammal travels");
   }

   public int noOfLegs() {
      return 0;
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      MammalInt m = new MammalInt();
      m.eat();
      m.travel();
   }
}

interface Animal {
   public void eat();
   public void travel();
}

$ javac -d . Animal.java
$ javac -d . MammalInt.java

Mammal eats
Mammal travels

package payroll;
public class Boss {
   public void payEmployee(Employee e) {
      e.mailCheck();
   }
}

payroll.Employee

import payroll.*;

import payroll.Employee;

package payroll;

public class Employee {
   public void mailCheck() {
      System.out.println("Pay received.");
   }
}

package payroll;

import payroll.Employee;

public class Boss {
   public void payEmployee(Employee e) {
      e.mailCheck();
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Boss boss = new Boss();
	   Employee e = new Employee();
      boss.payEmployee(e);
   }
}

Pay received.

class Outer_Demo {
   class Inner_Demo {
   }
}

class Outer_Demo {
   int num;

   // inner class
   private class Inner_Demo {
      public void print() {
         System.out.println("This is an inner class");
      }
   }

   // Accessing he inner class from the method within
   void display_Inner() {
      Inner_Demo inner = new Inner_Demo();
      inner.print();
   }
}

public class My_class {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      // Instantiating the outer class
      Outer_Demo outer = new Outer_Demo();

      // Accessing the display_Inner() method.
      outer.display_Inner();
   }
}

This is an inner class.

Outer_Demo outer = new Outer_Demo();
Outer_Demo.Inner_Demo inner = outer.new Inner_Demo();

class Outer_Demo {
   // private variable of the outer class
   private int num = 175;

   // inner class
   public class Inner_Demo {
      public int getNum() {
         System.out.println("This is the getnum method of the inner class");
         return num;
      }
   }
}

public class My_class2 {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      // Instantiating the outer class
      Outer_Demo outer = new Outer_Demo();

      // Instantiating the inner class
      Outer_Demo.Inner_Demo inner = outer.new Inner_Demo();
      System.out.println(inner.getNum());
   }
}

This is the getnum method of the inner class: 175

public class Outerclass {
   // instance method of the outer class
   void my_Method() {
      int num = 23;

      // method-local inner class
      class MethodInner_Demo {
         public void print() {
            System.out.println("This is method inner class "+num);
         }
      } // end of inner class

      // Accessing the inner class
      MethodInner_Demo inner = new MethodInner_Demo();
      inner.print();
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Outerclass outer = new Outerclass();
      outer.my_Method();
   }
}

This is method inner class 23

AnonymousInner an_inner = new AnonymousInner() {
   public void my_method() {
      ........
      ........
   }
};

abstract class AnonymousInner {
   public abstract void mymethod();
}

public class Outer_class {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      AnonymousInner inner = new AnonymousInner() {
         public void mymethod() {
            System.out.println("This is an example of anonymous inner class");
         }
      };
      inner.mymethod();
   }
}

This is an example of anonymous inner class

// interface
interface Message {
   String greet();
}

public class My_class {
   // method which accepts the object of interface Message
   public void displayMessage(Message m) {
      System.out.println(m.greet() +
         ", This is an example of anonymous inner class as an argument");
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      // Instantiating the class
      My_class obj = new My_class();

      // Passing an anonymous inner class as an argument
      obj.displayMessage(new Message() {
         public String greet() {
            return "Hello";
         }
      });
   }
}

Hello, This is an example of anonymous inner class as an argument

class MyOuter {
   static class Nested_Demo {
   }
}

public class Outer {
   static class Nested_Demo {
      public void my_method() {
         System.out.println("This is my nested class");
      }
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Outer.Nested_Demo nested = new Outer.Nested_Demo();
      nested.my_method();
   }
}

This is my nested class

public class Test {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      System.out.println("She said \"Hello!\" to me.");
   }
}

She said "Hello!" to me.

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CopyFile {

   public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
      FileInputStream in = null;
      FileOutputStream out = null;

      try {
         in = new FileInputStream("input.txt");
         out = new FileOutputStream("output.txt");

         int c;
         while ((c = in.read()) != -1) {
            out.write(c);
         }
      }finally {
         if (in != null) {
            in.close();
         }
         if (out != null) {
            out.close();
         }
      }
   }
}

This is test for copy file.

$javac CopyFile.java
$java CopyFile

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CopyFile {

   public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
      FileReader in = null;
      FileWriter out = null;

      try {
         in = new FileReader("input.txt");
         out = new FileWriter("output.txt");

         int c;
         while ((c = in.read()) != -1) {
            out.write(c);
         }
      }finally {
         if (in != null) {
            in.close();
         }
         if (out != null) {
            out.close();
         }
      }
   }
}

This is test for copy file.

$javac CopyFile.java
$java CopyFile

InputStream f = new FileInputStream("C:/java/hello");

File f = new File("C:/java/hello");
InputStream f = new FileInputStream(f);

import java.io.File;

public class CreateDir {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      String dirname = "/tmp/user/java/bin";
      File d = new File(dirname);

      // Create directory now.
      d.mkdirs();
   }
}

try {
   // Protected code
} catch (ExceptionName e1) {
   // Catch block
}

// File Name : ExcepTest.java
import java.io.*;

public class ExcepTest {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      try {
         int a[] = new int[2];
         System.out.println("Access element three :" + a[3]);
      } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
         System.out.println("Exception thrown  :" + e);
      }
      System.out.println("Out of the block");
   }
}

Exception thrown  :java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 3
Out of the block

try {
   // Protected code
} catch (ExceptionType1 e1) {
   // Catch block
} catch (ExceptionType2 e2) {
   // Catch block
} catch (ExceptionType3 e3) {
   // Catch block
}

try {
   file = new FileInputStream(fileName);
   x = (byte) file.read();
} catch (IOException i) {
   i.printStackTrace();
   return -1;
} catch (FileNotFoundException f) // Not valid! {
   f.printStackTrace();
   return -1;
}

import java.io.*;
public class className {

   public void deposit(double amount) throws RemoteException {
      // Method implementation
      throw new RemoteException();
   }
   // Remainder of class definition
}

import java.io.*;
public class className {

   public void withdraw(double amount) throws RemoteException,
      InsufficientFundsException {
      // Method implementation
   }
   // Remainder of class definition
}

try {
   // Protected code
} catch (ExceptionType1 e1) {
   // Catch block
} catch (ExceptionType2 e2) {
   // Catch block
} catch (ExceptionType3 e3) {
   // Catch block
}finally {
   // The finally block always executes.
}

public class ExcepTest {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      int a[] = new int[2];
      try {
         System.out.println("Access element three :" + a[3]);
      } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
         System.out.println("Exception thrown  :" + e);
      }finally {
         a[0] = 6;
         System.out.println("First element value: " + a[0]);
         System.out.println("The finally statement is executed");
      }
   }
}

Exception thrown  :java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 3
First element value: 6
The finally statement is executed

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ReadData_Demo {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      FileReader fr = null;
      try {
         File file = new File("file.txt");
         fr = new FileReader(file); char [] a = new char[50];
         fr.read(a);   // reads the content to the array
         for(char c : a)
         System.out.print(c);   // prints the characters one by one
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }finally {
         try {
            fr.close();
         } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
         }
      }
   }
}

try(FileReader fr = new FileReader("file path")) {
   // use the resource
   } catch () {
      // body of catch
   }
}

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Try_withDemo {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      try(FileReader fr = new FileReader("E://file.txt")) {
         char [] a = new char[50];
         fr.read(a);   // reads the contentto the array
         for(char c : a)
         System.out.print(c);   // prints the characters one by one
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

// File Name InsufficientFundsException.java
import java.io.*;

public class InsufficientFundsException extends Exception {
   private double amount;

   public InsufficientFundsException(double amount) {
      this.amount = amount;
   }

   public double getAmount() {
      return amount;
   }
}

// File Name CheckingAccount.java
import java.io.*;

public class CheckingAccount {
   private double balance;
   private int number;

   public CheckingAccount(int number) {
      this.number = number;
   }

   public void deposit(double amount) {
      balance += amount;
   }

   public void withdraw(double amount) throws InsufficientFundsException {
      if(amount <= balance) {
         balance -= amount;
      }else {
         double needs = amount - balance;
         throw new InsufficientFundsException(needs);
      }
   }

   public double getBalance() {
      return balance;
   }

   public int getNumber() {
      return number;
   }
}

// File Name BankDemo.java
public class BankDemo {

   public static void main(String [] args) {
      CheckingAccount c = new CheckingAccount(101);
      System.out.println("Depositing $500...");
      c.deposit(500.00);

      try {
         System.out.println("\nWithdrawing $100...");
         c.withdraw(100.00);
         System.out.println("\nWithdrawing $600...");
         c.withdraw(600.00);
      } catch (InsufficientFundsException e) {
         System.out.println("Sorry, but you are short $" + e.getAmount());
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

Depositing $500...

Withdrawing $100...

Withdrawing $600...
Sorry, but you are short $200.0
InsufficientFundsException
         at CheckingAccount.withdraw(CheckingAccount.java:25)
         at BankDemo.main(BankDemo.java:13)

public void run( )

Thread(Runnable threadObj, String threadName);

void start();

class RunnableDemo implements Runnable {
   private Thread t;
   private String threadName;

   RunnableDemo( String name) {
      threadName = name;
      System.out.println("Creating " +  threadName );
   }

   public void run() {
      System.out.println("Running " +  threadName );
      try {
         for(int i = 4; i > 0; i--) {
            System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + ", " + i);
            // Let the thread sleep for a while.
            Thread.sleep(50);
         }
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
         System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " interrupted.");
      }
      System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " exiting.");
   }

   public void start () {
      System.out.println("Starting " +  threadName );
      if (t == null) {
         t = new Thread (this, threadName);
         t.start ();
      }
   }
}

public class TestThread {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      RunnableDemo R1 = new RunnableDemo( "Thread-1");
      R1.start();

      RunnableDemo R2 = new RunnableDemo( "Thread-2");
      R2.start();
   }
}

Creating Thread-1
Starting Thread-1
Creating Thread-2
Starting Thread-2
Running Thread-1
Thread: Thread-1, 4
Running Thread-2
Thread: Thread-2, 4
Thread: Thread-1, 3
Thread: Thread-2, 3
Thread: Thread-1, 2
Thread: Thread-2, 2
Thread: Thread-1, 1
Thread: Thread-2, 1
Thread Thread-1 exiting.
Thread Thread-2 exiting.

public void run( )

void start( );

class ThreadDemo extends Thread {
   private Thread t;
   private String threadName;

   ThreadDemo( String name) {
      threadName = name;
      System.out.println("Creating " +  threadName );
   }

   public void run() {
      System.out.println("Running " +  threadName );
      try {
         for(int i = 4; i > 0; i--) {
            System.out.println("Thread: " + threadName + ", " + i);
            // Let the thread sleep for a while.
            Thread.sleep(50);
         }
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
         System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " interrupted.");
      }
      System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " exiting.");
   }

   public void start () {
      System.out.println("Starting " +  threadName );
      if (t == null) {
         t = new Thread (this, threadName);
         t.start ();
      }
   }
}

public class TestThread {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      ThreadDemo T1 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread-1");
      T1.start();

      ThreadDemo T2 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread-2");
      T2.start();
   }
}

Creating Thread-1
Starting Thread-1
Creating Thread-2
Starting Thread-2
Running Thread-1
Thread: Thread-1, 4
Running Thread-2
Thread: Thread-2, 4
Thread: Thread-1, 3
Thread: Thread-2, 3
Thread: Thread-1, 2
Thread: Thread-2, 2
Thread: Thread-1, 1
Thread: Thread-2, 1
Thread Thread-1 exiting.
Thread Thread-2 exiting.

// File Name : DisplayMessage.java
// Create a thread to implement Runnable

public class DisplayMessage implements Runnable {
   private String message;

   public DisplayMessage(String message) {
      this.message = message;
   }

   public void run() {
      while(true) {
         System.out.println(message);
      }
   }
}

// File Name : GuessANumber.java
// Create a thread to extentd Thread

public class GuessANumber extends Thread {
   private int number;
   public GuessANumber(int number) {
      this.number = number;
   }

   public void run() {
      int counter = 0;
      int guess = 0;
      do {
         guess = (int) (Math.random() * 100 + 1);
         System.out.println(this.getName() + " guesses " + guess);
         counter++;
      } while(guess != number);
      System.out.println("** Correct!" + this.getName() + "in" + counter + "guesses.**");
   }
}

// File Name : ThreadClassDemo.java
public class ThreadClassDemo {

   public static void main(String [] args) {
      Runnable hello = new DisplayMessage("Hello");
      Thread thread1 = new Thread(hello);
      thread1.setDaemon(true);
      thread1.setName("hello");
      System.out.println("Starting hello thread...");
      thread1.start();

      Runnable bye = new DisplayMessage("Goodbye");
      Thread thread2 = new Thread(bye);
      thread2.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
      thread2.setDaemon(true);
      System.out.println("Starting goodbye thread...");
      thread2.start();

      System.out.println("Starting thread3...");
      Thread thread3 = new GuessANumber(27);
      thread3.start();
      try {
         thread3.join();
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
         System.out.println("Thread interrupted.");
      }
      System.out.println("Starting thread4...");
      Thread thread4 = new GuessANumber(75);

      thread4.start();
      System.out.println("main() is ending...");
   }
}
class DisplayMessage implements Runnable {
   private String message;

   public DisplayMessage(String message) {
      this.message = message;
   }

   public void run() {
      while(true) {
         System.out.println(message);
      }
   }
}
class GuessANumber extends Thread {
   private int number;
   public GuessANumber(int number) {
      this.number = number;
   }

   public void run() {
      int counter = 0;
      int guess = 0;
      do {
         guess = (int) (Math.random() * 100 + 1);
         System.out.println(this.getName() + " guesses " + guess);
         counter++;
      } while(guess != number);
      System.out.println("** Correct!" + this.getName() + "in" + counter + "guesses.**");
   }
}

Starting hello thread...
Starting goodbye thread...
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Goodbye
Goodbye
Goodbye
Goodbye
Goodbye
.......

class PrintDemo {
   public void printCount() {
      try {
         for(int i = 5; i > 0; i--) {
            System.out.println("Counter   ---   "  + i );
         }
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println("Thread  interrupted.");
      }
   }
}

class ThreadDemo extends Thread {
   private Thread t;
   private String threadName;
   PrintDemo  PD;

   ThreadDemo( String name,  PrintDemo pd) {
      threadName = name;
      PD = pd;
   }

   public void run() {
      PD.printCount();
      System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " exiting.");
   }

   public void start () {
      System.out.println("Starting " +  threadName );
      if (t == null) {
         t = new Thread (this, threadName);
         t.start ();
      }
   }
}

public class TestThread {
   public static void main(String args[]) {

      PrintDemo PD = new PrintDemo();

      ThreadDemo T1 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread - 1 ", PD );
      ThreadDemo T2 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread - 2 ", PD );

      T1.start();
      T2.start();

      // wait for threads to end
         try {
         T1.join();
         T2.join();
      } catch ( Exception e) {
         System.out.println("Interrupted");
      }
   }
}

Starting Thread - 1
Starting Thread - 2
Counter   ---   5
Counter   ---   4
Counter   ---   3
Counter   ---   5
Counter   ---   2
Counter   ---   1
Counter   ---   4
Thread Thread - 1  exiting.
Counter   ---   3
Counter   ---   2
Counter   ---   1
Thread Thread - 2  exiting.

class PrintDemo {
   public void printCount() {
      try {
         for(int i = 5; i > 0; i--) {
            System.out.println("Counter   ---   "  + i );
         }
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println("Thread  interrupted.");
      }
   }
}

class ThreadDemo extends Thread {
   private Thread t;
   private String threadName;
   PrintDemo  PD;

   ThreadDemo( String name,  PrintDemo pd) {
      threadName = name;
      PD = pd;
   }

   public void run() {
      synchronized(PD) {
         PD.printCount();
      }
      System.out.println("Thread " +  threadName + " exiting.");
   }

   public void start () {
      System.out.println("Starting " +  threadName );
      if (t == null) {
         t = new Thread (this, threadName);
         t.start ();
      }
   }
}

public class TestThread {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      PrintDemo PD = new PrintDemo();

      ThreadDemo T1 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread - 1 ", PD );
      ThreadDemo T2 = new ThreadDemo( "Thread - 2 ", PD );

      T1.start();
      T2.start();

      // wait for threads to end
      try {
         T1.join();
         T2.join();
      } catch ( Exception e) {
         System.out.println("Interrupted");
      }
   }
}

Starting Thread - 1
Starting Thread - 2
Counter   ---   5
Counter   ---   4
Counter   ---   3
Counter   ---   2
Counter   ---   1
Thread Thread - 1  exiting.
Counter   ---   5
Counter   ---   4
Counter   ---   3
Counter   ---   2
Counter   ---   1
Thread Thread - 2  exiting.

public class TestThread {
   public static Object Lock1 = new Object();
   public static Object Lock2 = new Object();

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      ThreadDemo1 T1 = new ThreadDemo1();
      ThreadDemo2 T2 = new ThreadDemo2();
      T1.start();
      T2.start();
   }

   private static class ThreadDemo1 extends Thread {
      public void run() {
         synchronized (Lock1) {
            System.out.println("Thread 1: Holding lock 1...");

            try {
               Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
            System.out.println("Thread 1: Waiting for lock 2...");

            synchronized (Lock2) {
               System.out.println("Thread 1: Holding lock 1 & 2...");
            }
         }
      }
   }
   private static class ThreadDemo2 extends Thread {
      public void run() {
         synchronized (Lock1) {
            System.out.println("Thread 2: Holding lock 1...");

            try {
               Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
            System.out.println("Thread 2: Waiting for lock 2...");

            synchronized (Lock2) {
               System.out.println("Thread 2: Holding lock 1 & 2...");
            }
         }
      }
   }
}

Thread 1: Holding lock 1...
Thread 1: Waiting for lock 2...
Thread 1: Holding lock 1 & 2...
Thread 2: Holding lock 1...
Thread 2: Waiting for lock 2...
Thread 2: Holding lock 1 & 2...

// File Name GreetingClient.java
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;

public class GreetingClient {

   public static void main(String [] args) {
      String serverName = args[0];
      int port = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
      try {
         System.out.println("Connecting to " + serverName + " on port " + port);
         Socket client = new Socket(serverName, port);

         System.out.println("Just connected to " + client.getRemoteSocketAddress());
         OutputStream outToServer = client.getOutputStream();
         DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(outToServer);

         out.writeUTF("Hello from " + client.getLocalSocketAddress());
         InputStream inFromServer = client.getInputStream();
         DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(inFromServer);

         System.out.println("Server says " + in.readUTF());
         client.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

// File Name GreetingServer.java
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;

public class GreetingServer extends Thread {
   private ServerSocket serverSocket;

   public GreetingServer(int port) throws IOException {
      serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
      serverSocket.setSoTimeout(10000);
   }

   public void run() {
      while(true) {
         try {
            System.out.println("Waiting for client on port " +
               serverSocket.getLocalPort() + "...");
            Socket server = serverSocket.accept();

            System.out.println("Just connected to " + server.getRemoteSocketAddress());
            DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(server.getInputStream());

            System.out.println(in.readUTF());
            DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(server.getOutputStream());
            out.writeUTF("Thank you for connecting to " + server.getLocalSocketAddress()
               + "\nGoodbye!");
            server.close();

         } catch (SocketTimeoutException s) {
            System.out.println("Socket timed out!");
            break;
         } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            break;
         }
      }
   }

   public static void main(String [] args) {
      int port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
      try {
         Thread t = new GreetingServer(port);
         t.start();
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

$ java GreetingServer 6066
Waiting for client on port 6066...

$ java GreetingClient localhost 6066
Connecting to localhost on port 6066
Just connected to localhost/127.0.0.1:6066
Server says Thank you for connecting to /127.0.0.1:6066
Goodbye!