Java Concurrency 简明教程

ExecutorService Interface

java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService 接口是 Executor 接口的子接口，它增加了在单个任务和执行器本身上管理生命周期所需的功能。

A java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService interface is a subinterface of Executor interface, and adds features to manage the lifecycle, both of the individual tasks and of the executor itself.

ExecutorService Methods

Sr.No.	Method & Description
1	boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) Blocks until all tasks have completed execution after a shutdown request, or the timeout occurs, or the current thread is interrupted, whichever happens first.
2	<T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks) Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding their status and results when all complete.
3	<T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) Executes the given tasks, returning a list of Futures holding their status and results when all complete or the timeout expires, whichever happens first.
4	<T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks) Executes the given tasks, returning the result of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing an exception), if any do.
5	<T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) Executes the given tasks, returning the result of one that has completed successfully (i.e., without throwing an exception), if any do before the given timeout elapses.
6	boolean isShutdown() Returns true if this executor has been shut down.
7	boolean isTerminated() Returns true if all tasks have completed following shut down.
8	void shutdown() Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted.
9	List<Runnable> shutdownNow() Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks that were awaiting execution.
10	<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) Submits a value-returning task for execution and returns a Future representing the pending results of the task.
11	Future<?> submit(Runnable task) Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future representing that task.
12	<T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future representing that task.

Example

以下 TestThread 程序展示了在基于线程的环境中使用 ExecutorService 接口。

The following TestThread program shows usage of ExecutorService interface in thread based environment.

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class TestThread {

   public static void main(final String[] arguments) throws InterruptedException {
      ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

      try {
         executor.submit(new Task());
         System.out.println("Shutdown executor");
         executor.shutdown();
         executor.awaitTermination(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
         System.err.println("tasks interrupted");
      } finally {

         if (!executor.isTerminated()) {
            System.err.println("cancel non-finished tasks");
         }
         executor.shutdownNow();
         System.out.println("shutdown finished");
      }
   }

   static class Task implements Runnable {

      public void run() {

         try {
            Long duration = (long) (Math.random() * 20);
            System.out.println("Running Task!");
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(duration);
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
         }
      }
   }
}

这将产生以下结果。

This will produce the following result.

Output

Shutdown executor
Running Task!
shutdown finished
cancel non-finished tasks
java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted
	at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
	at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Thread.java:302)
	at java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.sleep(TimeUnit.java:328)
	at TestThread$Task.run(TestThread.java:39)
	at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:439)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:895)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:918)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)