Java Concurrency 简明教程
Java Concurrency - Futures and Callables
java.util.concurrent.Callable 对象可以返回由线程完成的计算结果，而 runnable 接口只能运行该线程。 Callable 对象返回 Future 对象，该对象提供用于监视线程执行的任务进度的的方法。 Future 对象可用于检查 Callable 的状态，然后在线程完成后从 Callable 中检索结果。它还提供了超时功能。
Syntax
//submit the callable using ThreadExecutor
//and get the result as a Future object
Future<Long> result10 = executor.submit(new FactorialService(10));
//get the result using get method of the Future object
//get method waits till the thread execution and then return the result of the execution.
Long factorial10 = result10.get();Example
以下 TestThread 程序展示了在基于线程的环境中使用 Future 和 Callable。
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
public class TestThread {
public static void main(final String[] arguments) throws InterruptedException,
ExecutionException {
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
System.out.println("Factorial Service called for 10!");
Future<Long> result10 = executor.submit(new FactorialService(10));
System.out.println("Factorial Service called for 20!");
Future<Long> result20 = executor.submit(new FactorialService(20));
Long factorial10 = result10.get();
System.out.println("10! = " + factorial10);
Long factorial20 = result20.get();
System.out.println("20! = " + factorial20);
executor.shutdown();
}
static class FactorialService implements Callable<Long> {
private int number;
public FactorialService(int number) {
this.number = number;
}
@Override
public Long call() throws Exception {
return factorial();
}
private Long factorial() throws InterruptedException {
long result = 1;
while (number != 0) {
result = number * result;
number--;
Thread.sleep(100);
}
return result;
}
}
}这将产生以下结果。