Java Mysql 简明教程

Java & MySQL - SavePoint

新的 JDBC 3.0 Savepoint 接口为您提供了额外的交易控制。大多数现代 DBMS 都在其环境中支持保存点，例如 Oracle 的 PL/SQL。

当你设置保存点时，你要在事务中定义一个逻辑回滚点。如果在保存点之后发生错误，则可以使用回滚方法来撤消所有更改或仅撤消保存点之后作出的更改。

Connection 对象有两个可帮助你管理保存点的新方法：

  1. setSavepoint(String savepointName) - 定义新的保存点。它还返回一个 Savepoint 对象。

  2. releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepointName) - 删除一个保存点。注意，它需要一个 Savepoint 对象作为参数。这个对象通常是 setSavepoint() 方法生成的一个保存点。

有一个 rollback (String savepointName) 方法，它将工作回滚到指定的保存点。

以下示例说明了 Savepoint 对象的使用 −

try{
   //Assume a valid connection object conn
   conn.setAutoCommit(false);
   Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

   //set a Savepoint
   Savepoint savepoint1 = conn.setSavepoint("Savepoint1");
   String SQL = "INSERT INTO Employees " +
                "VALUES (106, 20, 'Rita', 'Tez')";
   stmt.executeUpdate(SQL);
   //Submit a malformed SQL statement that breaks
   String SQL = "INSERTED IN Employees " +
                "VALUES (107, 22, 'Sita', 'Tez')";
   stmt.executeUpdate(SQL);
   // If there is no error, commit the changes.
   conn.commit();

}catch(SQLException se){
   // If there is any error.
   conn.rollback(savepoint1);
}

在这种情况下，上述 INSERT 语句都不会成功，并且所有内容都将被回滚。

以下示例利用了所述 setSavepoint 和 rollback 。

此示例代码基于先前章节中完成的环境和数据库设置编写。

将以下示例复制并粘贴到 TestApplication.java 中，如下进行编译和运行：

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Savepoint;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class TestApplication {
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/TUTORIALSPOINT";
   static final String USER = "guest";
   static final String PASS = "guest123";
   static final String QUERY = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Employees";
   static final String DELETE_QUERY = "DELETE FROM Employees WHERE ID = 8";
   static final String DELETE_QUERY_1 = "DELETE FROM Employees WHERE ID = 9";

   public static void printResultSet(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException{
      // Ensure we start with first row
      rs.beforeFirst();
      while(rs.next()){
         // Display values
         System.out.print("ID: " + rs.getInt("id"));
         System.out.print(", Age: " + rs.getInt("age"));
         System.out.print(", First: " + rs.getString("first"));
         System.out.println(", Last: " + rs.getString("last"));
      }
      System.out.println();
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      // Open a connection
      try(Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
         Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(
            ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE,
            ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
      ) {

         conn.setAutoCommit(false);
         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(QUERY);
         System.out.println("List result set for reference....");
         printResultSet(rs);

         // delete row having ID = 8
         // But save point before doing so.
         Savepoint savepoint1 = conn.setSavepoint("ROWS_DELETED_1");
         System.out.println("Deleting row....");
         stmt.executeUpdate(DELETE_QUERY);
         // Rollback the changes after save point 1.
         conn.rollback(savepoint1);

         // delete rows having ID = 9
         // But save point before doing so.
         conn.setSavepoint("ROWS_DELETED_2");
         System.out.println("Deleting row....");

         stmt.executeUpdate(DELETE_QUERY_1);

         rs = stmt.executeQuery(QUERY);
         System.out.println("List result set for reference....");
         printResultSet(rs);

         // Clean-up environment
         rs.close();

      } catch (SQLException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }
}

现在，让我们编译上述示例，如下 −

C:\>javac TestApplication.java
C:\>

运行 TestApplication 时，它会生成以下结果：

C:\>java TestApplication
List result set for reference....
ID: 1, Age: 23, First: Zara, Last: Ali
ID: 2, Age: 30, First: Mahnaz, Last: Fatma
ID: 3, Age: 35, First: Zaid, Last: Khan
ID: 4, Age: 33, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal
ID: 5, Age: 40, First: John, Last: Paul
ID: 7, Age: 20, First: Sita, Last: Singh
ID: 8, Age: 20, First: Rita, Last: Tez
ID: 9, Age: 20, First: Sita, Last: Singh

Deleting row....
Deleting row....
List result set for reference....
ID: 1, Age: 23, First: Zara, Last: Ali
ID: 2, Age: 30, First: Mahnaz, Last: Fatma
ID: 3, Age: 35, First: Zaid, Last: Khan
ID: 4, Age: 33, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal
ID: 5, Age: 40, First: John, Last: Paul
ID: 7, Age: 20, First: Sita, Last: Singh
ID: 8, Age: 20, First: Rita, Last: Tez
C:\>