Javascript 简明教程
JavaScript - History
JavaScript 改变了网站、应用程序和游戏开发领域，并对数字产业进行了革新。JavaScript 主要与 HTML 和 CSS 一起用于开发应用程序界面。然而，现在它也用作服务器端编程语言。据 stackoverflow 2023 年调查显示，全球大约 63% 的开发人员都在使用 JavaScript。
JavaScript has changed the website, application, and game development world and revolutionized the digital industry. JavaScript is mainly used with HTML and CSS to develop the application interface. However, nowadays, it is also used as a server-side programming language. In the world, according to stackoverflow survey 2023, around 63% of developers are using JavaScript.
History of JavaScript
我们来简要讨论一下 JavaScript 的历史。
Let’s discuss a brief history of JavaScript.
First stage development of JavaScript
1993 年，一些开发人员发布了具有图形界面的 Web 浏览器 Mosaic。1994 年，Mosaic Web 浏览器的主要开发人员创立了 Netscape。他们还发布了名为 Netscape Navigator 的浏览器。
In 1993, Some developers released the web browser Mosaic, with a graphical interface. In 1994, Netscape was founded by the lead developers of the Mosaic web browser. They have also released the browser named Netscape Navigator.
直到 1996 年，网站都是静态的，只包含 HTML 和 CSS。因此，需要将动态行为添加到网页中以使网站更具交互性。需要使用脚本语言来向网页中添加动态行为。
Till 1996, websites were static, containing only HTML and CSS. So, dynamic behavior needed to be added to the web page to make the website more interactive. The scripting language is required to add the dynamic behavior to the web page.
Netscape 的首席软件开发员 Brendan Eich 于 1995 年 9 月在 10 天内开发出了该脚本语言。新开发的脚本语言被命名为“Mocha”，后来更名为“LiveScript”，再后来更名为“JavaScript”。
Netscape’s lead software developer, Brendan Eich, developed the scripting language in September 1995 within 10 days. 'Mocha' name was given to the newly developed scripting language and renamed later to 'LiveScript' and then 'JavaScript'.
JavaScript 这个名字取自“Java”语言。Java 在当时是最流行的语言，由于是脚本语言，所以添加了脚本。
The name JavaScript is given from the 'Java' language. Java was the most popular language in those days, and the script was added due to the scripting language.
Standardization of JavaScript
JavaScript 在开发之初仅得到 Internet Explorer 浏览器的支持。但 Internet Explorer 浏览器现已弃用。
JavaScript was only supported by the Internet Explorer browser when it was developed. However, the internet explorer browser is deprecated now.
1997 年，为在所有 Web 浏览器中推广 JavaScript，Netscape 向欧洲计算机制造商协会 (ECMA) 提交了一项标准化 JavaScript 的提案。
In 1997, to promote JavaScript across all web browsers, Netscape submitted a proposal to the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) for standardizing JavaScript.
这就是 ECMAScript (ES) 进入开发领域的方式。在此之后，JavaScript 开发人员社区和 Netscape 不断更新 JavaScript，为 JavaScript 添加新功能并发布新版本，例如，ES1、ES2、…、ES13 等。
This is how ECMAScript(ES) came into the world of development. After that, the JavaScript developer’s community and Netscape update the JavaScript continuously, adding new features to the JavaScript and releasing the new version, ES1, ES2, …, ES13, etc.
JavaScript 的最新版本为 ES13。
The latest version of JavaScript is ES13.
JavaScript Libraries and Frameworks
2005 年之后，JavaScript 开发发生了革命。
After 2005, a revolution came into JavaScript development.
2006 年，开发了最流行的库之一 JQuery，以便更轻松地进行网站开发。但如今，JavaScript 已支持数千个库。
In 2006, one of the most popular libraries, JQuery, was developed to make website development more accessible. However, JavaScript supports thousands of libraries nowadays.
2010 年，推出了 Ember、Backbone 等框架。框架提供了应用程序的结构。2013 年，推出了最流行的框架之一 React。
In 2010, frameworks like Ember, Backbone, etc., were introduced. The framework provides the structure of the application. In 2013, one of the most popular frameworks named, React, was introduced.
Server-side JavaScript
2009 年，Ryan Dhal 引入了 NodeJS 运行时环境，以创建服务器端应用程序。由于 NodeJS，开发人员可以使用 JavaScript 进行全栈 Web 开发，并且 JavaScript 不仅限于前端开发。
In 2009, the NodeJS runtime environment was introduced by Ryan Dhal to create server-side applications. Due to NodeJS, developers can use JavaScript for full-stack web development, and JavaScirpt is not limited to front-end development.
目前，NodeJS 由 Google 进行管理。
Currently, Google is managing NodeJS.
Modern JavaScript and ES6 Release
2015 年，发布了 ES6 版本的 JavaScript。在 Es6 版本中，JavaScript 开发人员对 JavaScript 做出了重大更改并添加了更多高级功能。
In 2015, the ES6 version of JavaScript was released. In the Es6 version, JavaScript developers have significantly changed JavaScript and added more advanced features.
JavaScript 的最新版本 Es13 于 2022 年发布。
The latest version of JavaScript Es13 was released in 2022.
History table of JavaScript
Year |
ECMAscript Version |
Feature Released |
1995 |
Brendan Eich has developed JavaScript. |
|
1996 |
JavaScript 1.0 was released. |
|
1997 |
ES1 |
Standardization of JavaScript occurred by ECMA, and the ES1 version was released. |
1998 |
ES2 |
ES2 version of JavaScript released. |
1999 |
ES3 |
ES3 version of JavaScript released. |
2006 |
The first library, JQuery developed to use JavaScript. |
|
2008 |
ES4 |
ES4 version of JavaScript released. |
2009 |
NodeJS was developed for the server-side programming language. |
|
2009 |
ES5 |
ES5 version of JavaScript released. |
2010 |
The first framework, Angular JS, was developed. |
|
2013 |
The most popular JavaScript framework, ReactJS developed. |
|
2015 |
ES6 |
ES6 version of JavaScript released. |
2016 |
ES7 |
ES7 version of JavaScript released. |
2017 |
ES8 |
ES8 version of JavaScript released. |
2018 |
ES9 |
ES9 version of JavaScript released. |
2019 |
ES10 |
ES10 version of JavaScript released. |
2020 |
ES11 |
ES11 version of JavaScript released. |
2021 |
ES12 |
ES12 version of JavaScript released. |
2022 |
ES13 |
ES13 version of JavaScript released. |
Future of JavaScript
在世界上，98% 的网站使用 JavaScript 作为客户端编程语言。
In the world, 98% of websites use JavaScript as a client-side programming language.
对网站、应用程序、软件等的需求不断增加，也增加了对 JavaScript 的需求。随着时间的推移，开发人员社区开发了更多由 JavaScript 支持的库和框架，使得开发数字产品变得更加容易。
The increasing demand for websites, applications, software, etc., also increases the demand for JavaScript. As time passes, the developer’s community develops more libraries and frameworks supported by JavaScript, making it easier to develop the digital product.
全球有 1400 多万 JavaScript 开发人员，这个数字还在增长。总体而言，JavaScript 的未来是光明的。
There are 14+ million JavaScript developers in the world, and the number is growing. Overall, the future of JavaScript is bright.