Matplotlib 简明教程

pip3 install matplotlib

xcode-select –install

$ bash Anaconda3-5.0.1-Linux-x86_64.sh

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

x = np.arange(0, math.pi*2, 0.05)

y = np.sin(x)

plt.plot(x,y)

You can set the plot title, and labels for x and y axes.
plt.xlabel("angle")
plt.ylabel("sine")
plt.title('sine wave')

plt.show()

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import math #needed for definition of pi
x = np.arange(0, math.pi*2, 0.05)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.xlabel("angle")
plt.ylabel("sine")
plt.title('sine wave')
plt.show()

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

%matplotlib inline

import math
x = np.arange(0, math.pi*2, 0.05)
y = np.sin(x)

plt.xlabel("angle")
plt.ylabel("sine")
plt.title('sine wave')

plt.plot(x,y)

fig = plt.figure()

ax=fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])

ax.set_title("sine wave")
ax.set_xlabel('angle')
ax.set_ylabel('sine')

ax.plot(x,y)

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import math
x = np.arange(0, math.pi*2, 0.05)
y = np.sin(x)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
ax.plot(x,y)
ax.set_title("sine wave")
ax.set_xlabel('angle')
ax.set_ylabel('sine')
plt.show()

fig = plt.figure()

plt.subplot(subplot(nrows, ncols, index)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# plot a line, implicitly creating a subplot(111)
plt.plot([1,2,3])
# now create a subplot which represents the top plot of a grid with 2 rows and 1 column.
#Since this subplot will overlap the first, the plot (and its axes) previously
created, will be removed
plt.subplot(211)
plt.plot(range(12))
plt.subplot(212, facecolor='y') # creates 2nd subplot with yellow background
plt.plot(range(12))

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax1.plot([1,2,3])
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(221, facecolor='y')
ax2.plot([1,2,3])

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import math
x = np.arange(0, math.pi*2, 0.05)
fig=plt.figure()
axes1 = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) # main axes
axes2 = fig.add_axes([0.55, 0.55, 0.3, 0.3]) # inset axes
y = np.sin(x)
axes1.plot(x, y, 'b')
axes2.plot(x,np.cos(x),'r')
axes1.set_title('sine')
axes2.set_title("cosine")
plt.show()

Plt.subplots(nrows, ncols)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig,a =  plt.subplots(2,2)
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(1,5)
a[0][0].plot(x,x*x)
a[0][0].set_title('square')
a[0][1].plot(x,np.sqrt(x))
a[0][1].set_title('square root')
a[1][0].plot(x,np.exp(x))
a[1][0].set_title('exp')
a[1][1].plot(x,np.log10(x))
a[1][1].set_title('log')
plt.show()

Plt.subplot2grid(shape, location, rowspan, colspan)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
a1 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(0,0),colspan = 2)
a2 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(0,2), rowspan = 3)
a3 = plt.subplot2grid((3,3),(1,0),rowspan = 2, colspan = 2)
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(1,10)
a2.plot(x, x*x)
a2.set_title('square')
a1.plot(x, np.exp(x))
a1.set_title('exp')
a3.plot(x, np.log(x))
a3.set_title('log')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1,3, figsize = (12,4))
x = np.arange(1,11)
axes[0].plot(x, x**3, 'g',lw=2)
axes[0].grid(True)
axes[0].set_title('default grid')
axes[1].plot(x, np.exp(x), 'r')
axes[1].grid(color='b', ls = '-.', lw = 0.25)
axes[1].set_title('custom grid')
axes[2].plot(x,x)
axes[2].set_title('no grid')
fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(10,4))
x = np.arange(1,5)
axes[0].plot( x, np.exp(x))
axes[0].plot(x,x**2)
axes[0].set_title("Normal scale")
axes[1].plot (x, np.exp(x))
axes[1].plot(x, x**2)
axes[1].set_yscale("log")
axes[1].set_title("Logarithmic scale (y)")
axes[0].set_xlabel("x axis")
axes[0].set_ylabel("y axis")
axes[0].xaxis.labelpad = 10
axes[1].set_xlabel("x axis")
axes[1].set_ylabel("y axis")
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('blue')
ax.spines['left'].set_color('red')
ax.spines['left'].set_linewidth(2)
ax.spines['right'].set_color(None)
ax.spines['top'].set_color(None)
ax.plot([1,2,3,4,5])
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
a1 = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(1,10)
a1.plot(x, np.exp(x))
a1.set_title('exp')
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
a1 = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
import numpy as np
x = np.arange(1,10)
a1.plot(x, np.exp(x),'r')
a1.set_title('exp')
a1.set_ylim(0,10000)
a1.set_xlim(0,10)
plt.show()

ax.set_xticks([2,4,6,8,10])

ax.set_xlabels([‘two’, ‘four’,’six’, ‘eight’, ‘ten’])

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import math
x = np.arange(0, math.pi*2, 0.05)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8]) # main axes
y = np.sin(x)
ax.plot(x, y)
ax.set_xlabel(‘angle’)
ax.set_title('sine')
ax.set_xticks([0,2,4,6])
ax.set_xticklabels(['zero','two','four','six'])
ax.set_yticks([-1,0,1])
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
fig = plt.figure()
a1 = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
x = np.arange(1,11)
a1.plot(x,np.exp(x))
a1.set_ylabel('exp')
a2 = a1.twinx()
a2.plot(x, np.log(x),'ro-')
a2.set_ylabel('log')
fig.legend(labels = ('exp','log'),loc='upper left')
plt.show()

ax.bar(x, height, width, bottom, align)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
langs = ['C', 'C++', 'Java', 'Python', 'PHP']
students = [23,17,35,29,12]
ax.bar(langs,students)
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data = [[30, 25, 50, 20],
[40, 23, 51, 17],
[35, 22, 45, 19]]
X = np.arange(4)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
ax.bar(X + 0.00, data[0], color = 'b', width = 0.25)
ax.bar(X + 0.25, data[1], color = 'g', width = 0.25)
ax.bar(X + 0.50, data[2], color = 'r', width = 0.25)

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
N = 5
menMeans = (20, 35, 30, 35, 27)
womenMeans = (25, 32, 34, 20, 25)
ind = np.arange(N) # the x locations for the groups
width = 0.35
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
ax.bar(ind, menMeans, width, color='r')
ax.bar(ind, womenMeans, width,bottom=menMeans, color='b')
ax.set_ylabel('Scores')
ax.set_title('Scores by group and gender')
ax.set_xticks(ind, ('G1', 'G2', 'G3', 'G4', 'G5'))
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(0, 81, 10))
ax.legend(labels=['Men', 'Women'])
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
girls_grades = [89, 90, 70, 89, 100, 80, 90, 100, 80, 34]
boys_grades = [30, 29, 49, 48, 100, 48, 38, 45, 20, 30]
grades_range = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100]
fig=plt.figure()
ax=fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
ax.scatter(grades_range, girls_grades, color='r')
ax.scatter(grades_range, boys_grades, color='b')
ax.set_xlabel('Grades Range')
ax.set_ylabel('Grades Scored')
ax.set_title('scatter plot')
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
xlist = np.linspace(-3.0, 3.0, 100)
ylist = np.linspace(-3.0, 3.0, 100)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xlist, ylist)
Z = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
fig,ax=plt.subplots(1,1)
cp = ax.contourf(X, Y, Z)
fig.colorbar(cp) # Add a colorbar to a plot
ax.set_title('Filled Contours Plot')
#ax.set_xlabel('x (cm)')
ax.set_ylabel('y (cm)')
plt.show()

quiver(x,y,u,v)

np.random.seed(10)
collectn_1 = np.random.normal(100, 10, 200)
collectn_2 = np.random.normal(80, 30, 200)
collectn_3 = np.random.normal(90, 20, 200)
collectn_4 = np.random.normal(70, 25, 200)

fig = plt.figure()
# Create an axes instance
ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])
# Create the boxplot
bp = ax.boxplot(data_to_plot)
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

np.random.seed(10)
collectn_1 = np.random.normal(100, 10, 200)
collectn_2 = np.random.normal(80, 30, 200)
collectn_3 = np.random.normal(90, 20, 200)
collectn_4 = np.random.normal(70, 25, 200)

## combine these different collections into a list
data_to_plot = [collectn_1, collectn_2, collectn_3, collectn_4]

# Create a figure instance
fig = plt.figure()

# Create an axes instance
ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])

# Create the boxplot
bp = ax.violinplot(data_to_plot)
plt.show()

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
z = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)
x = z * np.sin(20 * z)
y = z * np.cos(20 * z)
ax.plot3D(x, y, z, 'gray')
ax.set_title('3D line plot')
plt.show()

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
z = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)
x = z * np.sin(20 * z)
y = z * np.cos(20 * z)
c = x + y
ax.scatter(x, y, z, c=c)
ax.set_title('3d Scatter plot')
plt.show()

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def f(x, y):
   return np.sin(np.sqrt(x ** 2 + y ** 2))

x = np.linspace(-6, 6, 30)
y = np.linspace(-6, 6, 30)

X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = f(X, Y)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
ax.contour3D(X, Y, Z, 50, cmap='binary')
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_zlabel('z')
ax.set_title('3D contour')
plt.show()

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def f(x, y):
   return np.sin(np.sqrt(x ** 2 + y ** 2))

x = np.linspace(-6, 6, 30)
y = np.linspace(-6, 6, 30)

X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = f(X, Y)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')
ax.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, color='black')
ax.set_title('wireframe')
plt.show()

from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.outer(np.linspace(-2, 2, 30), np.ones(30))
y = x.copy().T # transpose
z = np.cos(x ** 2 + y ** 2)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(projection='3d')

ax.plot_surface(x, y, z,cmap='viridis', edgecolor='none')
ax.set_title('Surface plot')
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_axes([0,0,1,1])

ax.set_title('axes title')
ax.set_xlabel('xlabel')
ax.set_ylabel('ylabel')
ax.text(3, 8, 'boxed italics text in data coords', style='italic',
bbox = {'facecolor': 'red'})
ax.text(2, 6, r'an equation: $E = mc^2$', fontsize = 15)
ax.text(4, 0.05, 'colored text in axes coords',
verticalalignment = 'bottom', color = 'green', fontsize = 15)
ax.plot([2], [1], 'o')
ax.annotate('annotate', xy = (2, 1), xytext = (3, 4),
arrowprops = dict(facecolor = 'black', shrink = 0.05))
ax.axis([0, 10, 0, 10])
plt.show()

# math text
plt.title(r'$\alpha > \beta$')

r'$\alpha_i> \beta_i$'

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
t = np.arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)
s = np.sin(2*np.pi*t)

plt.plot(t,s)
plt.title(r'$\alpha_i> \beta_i$', fontsize=20)

plt.text(0.6, 0.6, r'$\mathcal{A}\mathrm{sin}(2 \omega t)$', fontsize = 20)
plt.text(0.1, -0.5, r'$\sqrt{2}$', fontsize=10)
plt.xlabel('time (s)')
plt.ylabel('volts (mV)')
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.image as mpimg
import numpy as np
img = mpimg.imread('mtplogo.png')

plt.imsave("logo.png", img, cmap = 'gray', origin = 'lower')

imgplot = plt.imshow(img)

axes.text(x,y,"my label")

axes.text(0.5, 0.5, "middle of graph", transform=axes.transAxes)