Mobile Testing 简明教程

Native Vs Hybrid Vs Mobileweb

在进行测试计划时必须考虑的一个关键因素是检查移动应用程序类型。您主要会遇到三种类型的移动应用程序：移动网络、原生应用程序和混合应用程序。此分类基于开发工作和应用程序重新分发策略。让我们详细了解每个应用程序。

A critical factor that you have to consider while doing test planning is checking the Mobile Application type. You will mainly come across three types of mobile applications: Mobile Web, Native App, and Hybrid App. The classification is based on the development efforts and App redistribution strategy. Let’s understand each of them in detail.

Mobile Web

网络应用程序并不是真正的应用程序；它们实际上是网站，借助网络浏览器在您的智能手机中打开。移动网站在所有主要类型的应用程序中拥有最广泛的受众。

Web apps are not real applications; they are actually websites that open in your smartphone with the help of a web browser. Mobile websites have the broadest audience of all the primary types of applications.

  1. Example − Tutorials Point

  2. Benefits − Easy access. Easy Development − Developing responsive design and restructuring the content to be properly displayed on a smaller screen/hardware will make any desktop website mobile friendly. Easy update − Just update in one location and all the users automatically have access to the latest version of the site. No installation required, as compared to native or hybrid app.

  3. Downside − Mobile websites cannot use some of the features. For example, access to the file system and local resources isn’t available in websites. Many existing websites don’t support offline capabilities. Users won’t have the app’s icon on their home screen as a constant reminder. The website needs to be opened in a web browser only. While native and hybrid apps appear on the App Store and Google Play, web apps won’t. So redistribution is not that sensible.

Native App

原生应用程序专门针对一个平台开发。它可以通过应用程序商店（例如 Google Play 商店或 Apple 的 App Store）进行安装。

A native app is developed specifically for one platform. It can be installed through an application store (such as Google Play Store or Apple’s App Store).

  1. Example − Whatsapp, Facebook.

  2. Benefits − Native Apps live on the device and are accessed through icons on the device home screen. They can take full advantage of all the device features − they can use the camera, the GPS, the accelerometer, the compass, the list of contacts, and so on. They can also incorporate gestures (either standard operating-system gestures or new, and app-defined gestures). Native apps can use the device’s notification system and can work offline. Publishers can make use of push-notifications, alerting users every time a new piece of content is published or when their attention is required. Native Apps maintain UI design of each operating system, thus they offer the best user experience. For example, a Native App can have a left-aligned header in Android and a center-aligned header in iOS. Redistribution is easy, as it is found in app store.

  3. Downside − High cost for building the app : Native apps developed for one platform will not run on another platform. An App built for Android will not run on iOS. We need to build a different App altogether for iOS. Because of this reason, we need to maintain multiple versions of the App. Even though you might publish native Apps, you’ll want to keep the mobile website well maintained, as mobile brings more traffic. So maintenance is higher.

Hybrid App

混合应用程序是一种以应用程序格式展示现有网站内容的方法。它们可以很好地描述为 Web 应用程序和原生应用程序的混合物。

Hybrid Apps are a way to expose content from existing websites in App format. They can be well described as a mixture of Web App and Native App.

  1. Example − Instagram, Wikipedia.

  2. Benefits − Developing a Hybrid App is cheaper than developing a Native App. It can be built for cross-platforms, i.e., reduced cost for App development. Maintenance is simple, as there are not many versions to be maintained. It can take advantage of a few features available in the device. It can be found in the App Store, which makes the distribution easy. It has a browser embedded within the app only.

  3. Downside − Graphics are less accustomed with the operating system as compared to Native Apps. Hybrid Apps are slower than Native Apps.