Mobile Testing 简明教程

Mobile Testing - Robotium Framework

Robotium 是一个开源测试框架，用于为 Android 应用编写自动灰盒测试用例。借助 Robotium，测试用例开发者可以编写功能、系统和验收测试场景，涵盖多个 Android 活动。

Robotium is an open-source test framework for writing automatic gray-box testing cases for Android applications. With the support of Robotium, test case developers can write function, system and acceptance test scenarios, spanning multiple Android activities.

Robotium 可以用于测试源代码可用的应用和仅提供 APK 文件的应用。

Robotium can be used both for testing applications where the source code is available and applications where only the APK file is available.

Benefits of Robotium

  1. Easy to write, shorter code. Minimal time needed to write solid test cases.

  2. You can develop powerful test cases, with minimal knowledge of the application under test.

  3. The framework handles multiple Android activities automatically. Readability of test cases is greatly improved, compared to standard instrumentation tests.

  4. Automatic timing and delays.

  5. Automatically follows current Activity.

  6. Automatically finds Views.

  7. Automatically makes its own decisions (ex: When to scroll, etc.)

  8. No modification to Android platform.

  9. Test execution is fast.

  10. Test cases are more robust due to the run-time binding to GUI components.

  11. Integrates smoothly with Maven or Ant.

Drawbacks of Robotium

  1. Robotium cannot handle Flash or Web components.

  2. It handles only one application at a time.

  3. It cannot simulate clicking on soft keyboard using Robotium (need to use ‘enterText()’ to enter text into an EditText field)

  4. Robotium cannot interact with Status Bar Notifications − that is, pull down the Notification area and click on a specified Notification.

  5. Can be a bit slow, especially running on older devices.

How to Use Robotium

Step 1 - 使用 Robotium 的前提条件是 Java SDK（最低 1.6）。如果您系统中尚未安装 Java，请按照以下步骤操作。

Step 1 − The prerequisites to use Robotium is Java SDK (minimum 1.6). If you don’t have Java installed on your system, then follow the steps given below.

  1. Download JDK and JRE from Oracle Technology Network

  2. Accept license agreement.

  3. Install JDK and JRE.

  4. Set environment variable as shown in the screenshot below.

environment variable

Step 2 - 从 Android Studio 下载 Android Studio

Step 2 − Download Android Studio from Android Studio

  1. Double click the exe and run the installer.

  2. Continue with all default options.

  3. Set the ANDROID_HOME.

Step 3 − 安装 Android 镜像和工具。

Step 3 − Install Android images and tools.

  1. Click on SDK Manager −

sdk manager

  1. Select the necessary package. For example, if we are building an App for Android 4.4.2, then make sure the following packages are checked under the Tools section − Android SDK Tools rev 22.6.3Android Platform-tools rev 19.0.1Android SDK Build-tools rev 19.1

Step 4 - 创建 Android 虚拟设备。

Step 4 − Create Android Virtual Devices.

  1. Open Android Studio and click AVD Manager in the toolbar. AVDs allow us to test and run our Android apps.

avd manager

  1. Use the following settings for a Nexus5 AVD − Device − Nexus 5 (4.95, 1080 x 1920; xxhdpi)Target − Google APIs x86 (Google Inc.) - API Level 19(Make sure you select the target with Google APIs in the name.)CPU − Intel Atom (x86)Check the box for Use Host GPUClick OK

  2. You should now see the AVD you created in the AVD Manager, where you can start it, delete it, or create another one!

Step 5 - Robotium Jar 文件 - 从 RobotiumTech 下载 Robotium Jar 文件

Step 5 − Robotium Jar file Download Robotium Jar file from RobotiumTech

Test an App with Robotium

若要使用 Robotium 测试应用，请按照以下步骤操作-

To test an App with Robotium, follow the steps given below −

Step 1 − 在 Android Studio 中创建一个名为 “RobotiumTest”的测试项目。

Step 1 − Create a test Project in the Android Studio named as “RobotiumTest”.

robotiumtest

选择所有默认选项，直至你到达主页面。

Choose all the default options until you reach to the main page.

Step 2 − 将 Robotium jar 文件复制到项目的 Lib 文件夹。

Step 2 − Copy the Robotium jar file into the Lib folder of the project.

robotium jar file

Step 3 − 在 src 文件夹下的 build.gradle 文件中添加依赖项。

Step 3 − Add the dependency in build.gradle file under src folder.

androidTestCompile 'com.jayway.android.robotium:robotium-solo-5.5.3'

Step 4 − 同步 Gradle。

Step 4 − Sync the Gradle.

sync gradle

Step 5 − 创建如下所示的测试类 −

Step 5 − Create the Test class as follows −

package com.example;

import com.robotium.solo.Solo;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MyTestClass extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<TestActivity>{

   private Solo solo;

   public MyTestClass() {
      super(TestActivity.class);
   }

   public void setUp() throws Exception {
      solo = new Solo(getInstrumentation(), getActivity());
   }

   public void testCase() throws Exception {
      String vResult="TestExample";
      EditText vEditText = (EditText) solo.getView(R.id.edit1);
      solo.clearEditText(vEditText);
      solo.enterText(vEditText,"TestExample");
      solo.clickOnButton("Submit");
      assertTrue(solo.searchText(vResult));
      TextView textField = (TextView) solo.getView(R.id.txt1);
      //Assert to verify result with visible value
      assertEquals(vResult, textField.getText().toString());
   }

   @Override
   public void tearDown() throws Exception {
      solo.finishOpenedActivities();
   }
}

Step 6 − 保存所有更改。确保不存在任何错误。

Step 6 − Save all changes. Make sure no errors are present.

Step 7 − 现在，运行测试用例。如果测试用例成功，你应该看到以下输出！

Step 7 − Now, run the test case. If the test case is successful, you should see the following output!

display result