Numpy 简明教程
NumPy - Mathematical Functions
显然，NumPy 包含大量的各种数学运算。NumPy 提供标准三角函数、算术运算函数、处理复数等。
Quite understandably, NumPy contains a large number of various mathematical operations. NumPy provides standard trigonometric functions, functions for arithmetic operations, handling complex numbers, etc.
Trigonometric Functions
NumPy 具有标准三角函数，可为给定的弧度角返回三角比率。
NumPy has standard trigonometric functions which return trigonometric ratios for a given angle in radians.
Example
import numpy as np
a = np.array([0,30,45,60,90])
print 'Sine of different angles:'
# Convert to radians by multiplying with pi/180
print np.sin(a*np.pi/180)
print '\n'
print 'Cosine values for angles in array:'
print np.cos(a*np.pi/180)
print '\n'
print 'Tangent values for given angles:'
print np.tan(a*np.pi/180)以下是它的输出：
Here is its output −
Sine of different angles:
[ 0. 0.5 0.70710678 0.8660254 1. ]
Cosine values for angles in array:
[ 1.00000000e+00 8.66025404e-01 7.07106781e-01 5.00000000e-01
6.12323400e-17]
Tangent values for given angles:
[ 0.00000000e+00 5.77350269e-01 1.00000000e+00 1.73205081e+00
1.63312394e+16]arcsin, arcos, 和 arctan 函数返回给定角度的正弦、余弦和正切的反三角函数。这些函数的结果可以通过将弧度转换为度数由 numpy.degrees() function 验证。
arcsin, arcos, and arctan functions return the trigonometric inverse of sin, cos, and tan of the given angle. The result of these functions can be verified by numpy.degrees() function by converting radians to degrees.
Example
import numpy as np
a = np.array([0,30,45,60,90])
print 'Array containing sine values:'
sin = np.sin(a*np.pi/180)
print sin
print '\n'
print 'Compute sine inverse of angles. Returned values are in radians.'
inv = np.arcsin(sin)
print inv
print '\n'
print 'Check result by converting to degrees:'
print np.degrees(inv)
print '\n'
print 'arccos and arctan functions behave similarly:'
cos = np.cos(a*np.pi/180)
print cos
print '\n'
print 'Inverse of cos:'
inv = np.arccos(cos)
print inv
print '\n'
print 'In degrees:'
print np.degrees(inv)
print '\n'
print 'Tan function:'
tan = np.tan(a*np.pi/180)
print tan
print '\n'
print 'Inverse of tan:'
inv = np.arctan(tan)
print inv
print '\n'
print 'In degrees:'
print np.degrees(inv)它的输出如下：
Its output is as follows −
Array containing sine values:
[ 0. 0.5 0.70710678 0.8660254 1. ]
Compute sine inverse of angles. Returned values are in radians.
[ 0. 0.52359878 0.78539816 1.04719755 1.57079633]
Check result by converting to degrees:
[ 0. 30. 45. 60. 90.]
arccos and arctan functions behave similarly:
[ 1.00000000e+00 8.66025404e-01 7.07106781e-01 5.00000000e-01
6.12323400e-17]
Inverse of cos:
[ 0. 0.52359878 0.78539816 1.04719755 1.57079633]
In degrees:
[ 0. 30. 45. 60. 90.]
Tan function:
[ 0.00000000e+00 5.77350269e-01 1.00000000e+00 1.73205081e+00
1.63312394e+16]
Inverse of tan:
[ 0. 0.52359878 0.78539816 1.04719755 1.57079633]
In degrees:
[ 0. 30. 45. 60. 90.]Functions for Rounding
numpy.around()
这是一个将值四舍五入到所需精度的函数。该函数采用以下参数。
This is a function that returns the value rounded to the desired precision. The function takes the following parameters.
numpy.around(a,decimals)其中，
Where,
Sr.No. |
Parameter & Description |
1 |
a Input data |
2 |
decimals The number of decimals to round to. Default is 0. If negative, the integer is rounded to position to the left of the decimal point |
Example
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1.0,5.55, 123, 0.567, 25.532])
print 'Original array:'
print a
print '\n'
print 'After rounding:'
print np.around(a)
print np.around(a, decimals = 1)
print np.around(a, decimals = -1)产出如下所示 −
It produces the following output −
Original array:
[ 1. 5.55 123. 0.567 25.532]
After rounding:
[ 1. 6. 123. 1. 26. ]
[ 1. 5.6 123. 0.6 25.5]
[ 0. 10. 120. 0. 30. ]numpy.floor()
此函数返回不大于输入参数的最大整数。 scalar x 的底数是最大的 integer i ，即 i ⇐ x 。请注意，在 Python 中，舍入始终远离 0。
This function returns the largest integer not greater than the input parameter. The floor of the scalar x is the largest integer i, such that i ⇐ x. Note that in Python, flooring always is rounded away from 0.
Example
import numpy as np
a = np.array([-1.7, 1.5, -0.2, 0.6, 10])
print 'The given array:'
print a
print '\n'
print 'The modified array:'
print np.floor(a)产出如下所示 −
It produces the following output −
The given array:
[ -1.7 1.5 -0.2 0.6 10. ]
The modified array:
[ -2. 1. -1. 0. 10.]numpy.ceil()
ceil() 函数返回输入值的 ceiling，即 scalar x 的 ceiling 是最小的 integer i ，即 i >= x.
The ceil() function returns the ceiling of an input value, i.e. the ceil of the scalar x is the smallest integer i, such that i >= x.
Example
import numpy as np
a = np.array([-1.7, 1.5, -0.2, 0.6, 10])
print 'The given array:'
print a
print '\n'
print 'The modified array:'
print np.ceil(a)它将生成如下输出：
It will produce the following output −
The given array:
[ -1.7 1.5 -0.2 0.6 10. ]
The modified array:
[ -1. 2. -0. 1. 10.]