Perl 简明教程

$a&$b = 0000 1100

$a|$b = 0011 1101

$a^$b = 0011 0001

~$a  = 1100 0011

There are following Bitwise operators supported by Perl language, assume if $a = 60; and $b = 13

link:../perl/bitwise_operators_example.html[Show Example]
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|===

|Sr.No.|Operator & Description
|1|*&*
Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
*Example* − ($a & $b) will give 12 which is 0000 1100

|2|*|*
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in eather operand.
*Example* − ($a | $b) will give 61 which is 0011 1101

|3|*^*
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
*Example* − ($a ^ $b) will give 49 which is 0011 0001

|4|*~*
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the efect of 'flipping' bits.
*Example* − (~$a ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number.

|5|*<<*
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
*Example* − $a << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000

|6|*>>*
Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
*Example* − $a >> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

|===


=== Perl Logical Operators

There are following logical operators supported by Perl language. Assume variable $a holds true and variable $b holds false then −

link:../perl/logical_operators_example.html[Show Example]
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|===

|Sr.No.|Operator & Description
|1|*and*
Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are true then then condition becomes true.
*Example* − ($a and $b) is false.

|2|*&&*
C-style Logical AND operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
*Example* − ($a && $b) is false.

|3|*or*
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non zero then then condition becomes true.
*Example* − ($a or $b) is true.

|4|*||*
C-style Logical OR operator copies a bit if it exists in eather operand.
*Example* − ($a || $b) is true.

|5|*not*
Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.
*Example* − not($a and $b) is true.

|===


=== Quote-like Operators

There are following Quote-like operators supported by Perl language. In the following table, a {} represents any pair of delimiters you choose.

link:../perl/quote_like_operators_example.html[Show Example]
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|Sr.No.|Operator & Description
|1|*q{ }*
Encloses a string with-in single quotes
*Example* − q{abcd} gives 'abcd'

|2|*qq{ }*
Encloses a string with-in double quotes
*Example* − qq{abcd} gives "abcd"

|3|*qx{ }*
Encloses a string with-in invert quotes
*Example* − qx{abcd} gives `abcd`

|===


=== Miscellaneous Operators

There are following miscellaneous operators supported by Perl language. Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20 then −

link:../perl/miscellaneous_operators_example.html[Show Example]
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|Sr.No.|Operator & Description
|1|*.*
Binary operator dot (.) concatenates two strings.
*Example* − If $a = "abc", $b = "def" then $a.$b will give "abcdef"

|2|*x*
The repetition operator x returns a string consisting of the left operand repeated the number of times specified by the right operand.
*Example* − ('-' x 3) will give ---.

|3|*..*
The range operator .. returns a list of values counting (up by ones) from the left value to the right value
*Example* − (2..5) will give (2, 3, 4, 5)

|4|*++*
Auto Increment operator increases integer value by one
*Example* − $a++ will give 11

|5|*--*
Auto Decrement operator decreases integer value by one
*Example* − $a-- will give 9

|6|*->*
The arrow operator is mostly used in dereferencing a method or variable from an object or a class name
*Example* − $obj->$a is an example to access variable $a from object $obj.

|===


=== Perl Operators Precedence

The following table lists all operators from highest precedence to lowest.

link:../perl/operators_precedence_example.html[Show Example]

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