Pybrain 简明教程
PyBrain - Training Datasets on Networks
目前为止，我们已经了解如何创建网络和数据集。为了配合使用数据集和网络，我们必须借助培训器来实现。
以下是一个工作示例，展示如何将数据集添加到创建的网络中，以及以后如何使用培训器对网络进行训练和测试。
testnetwork.py
from pybrain.tools.shortcuts import buildNetwork
from pybrain.structure import TanhLayer
from pybrain.datasets import SupervisedDataSet
from pybrain.supervised.trainers import BackpropTrainer
# Create a network with two inputs, three hidden, and one output
nn = buildNetwork(2, 3, 1, bias=True, hiddenclass=TanhLayer)
# Create a dataset that matches network input and output sizes:
norgate = SupervisedDataSet(2, 1)
# Create a dataset to be used for testing.
nortrain = SupervisedDataSet(2, 1)
# Add input and target values to dataset
# Values for NOR truth table
norgate.addSample((0, 0), (1,))
norgate.addSample((0, 1), (0,))
norgate.addSample((1, 0), (0,))
norgate.addSample((1, 1), (0,))
# Add input and target values to dataset
# Values for NOR truth table
nortrain.addSample((0, 0), (1,))
nortrain.addSample((0, 1), (0,))
nortrain.addSample((1, 0), (0,))
nortrain.addSample((1, 1), (0,))
#Training the network with dataset norgate.
trainer = BackpropTrainer(nn, norgate)
# will run the loop 1000 times to train it.
for epoch in range(1000):
trainer.train()
trainer.testOnData(dataset=nortrain, verbose = True)为了测试网络和数据集，我们需要 BackpropTrainer。BackpropTrainer 是一款培训器，根据受监督数据集（可能是顺序的）通过反向传播错误（随时间推移），培训模块的参数。
我们创建了 2 个 SupervisedDataSet 类数据集。我们正在利用如下 NOR 数据模型：
A |
B |
A NOR B |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
上述数据模型用于训练网络。
norgate = SupervisedDataSet(2, 1)
# Add input and target values to dataset
# Values for NOR truth table
norgate.addSample((0, 0), (1,))
norgate.addSample((0, 1), (0,))
norgate.addSample((1, 0), (0,))
norgate.addSample((1, 1), (0,))以下是用于测试的数据集：
# Create a dataset to be used for testing.
nortrain = SupervisedDataSet(2, 1)
# Add input and target values to dataset
# Values for NOR truth table
norgate.addSample((0, 0), (1,))
norgate.addSample((0, 1), (0,))
norgate.addSample((1, 0), (0,))
norgate.addSample((1, 1), (0,))训练器如下所示：
#Training the network with dataset norgate.
trainer = BackpropTrainer(nn, norgate)
# will run the loop 1000 times to train it.
for epoch in range(1000):
trainer.train()我们可以使用以下代码来对数据集进行测试：
trainer.testOnData(dataset=nortrain, verbose = True)Output
python testnetwork.py
C:\pybrain\pybrain\src>python testnetwork.py
Testing on data:
('out: ', '[0.887 ]')
('correct:', '[1 ]')
error: 0.00637334
('out: ', '[0.149 ]')
('correct:', '[0 ]')
error: 0.01110338
('out: ', '[0.102 ]')
('correct:', '[0 ]')
error: 0.00522736
('out: ', '[-0.163]')
('correct:', '[0 ]')
error: 0.01328650
('All errors:', [0.006373344564625953, 0.01110338071737218, 0.005227359234093431
, 0.01328649974219942])
('Average error:', 0.008997646064572746)
('Max error:', 0.01328649974219942, 'Median error:', 0.01110338071737218)如果您检查输出，则测试数据几乎与我们提供的数据集匹配，因此误差为 0.008。
我们现在更改测试数据并查看平均误差。我们已按如下所示更改输出：
以下是用于测试的数据集：
# Create a dataset to be used for testing.
nortrain = SupervisedDataSet(2, 1)
# Add input and target values to dataset
# Values for NOR truth table
norgate.addSample((0, 0), (0,))
norgate.addSample((0, 1), (1,))
norgate.addSample((1, 0), (1,))
norgate.addSample((1, 1), (0,))我们现在来测试一下。
Output
python testnework.py
C:\pybrain\pybrain\src>python testnetwork.py
Testing on data:
('out: ', '[0.988 ]')
('correct:', '[0 ]')
error: 0.48842978
('out: ', '[0.027 ]')
('correct:', '[1 ]')
error: 0.47382097
('out: ', '[0.021 ]')
('correct:', '[1 ]')
error: 0.47876379
('out: ', '[-0.04 ]')
('correct:', '[0 ]')
error: 0.00079160
('All errors:', [0.4884297811030845, 0.47382096780393873, 0.47876378995939756, 0
.0007915982149002194])
('Average error:', 0.3604515342703303)
('Max error:', 0.4884297811030845, 'Median error:', 0.47876378995939756)我们获得的错误为 0.36，这表明我们的测试数据与经过训练的网络并不完全匹配。