Python 简明教程

Python Tutorial

Python Tutorial

如今，Python 是最流行的编程语言之一。尽管它是一种通用语言，但它被用于各个领域的应用程序，例如机器学习、人工智能、Web 开发、物联网等等。

Today, Python is one of the most popular programming languages. Although it is a general-purpose language, it is used in various areas of applications such as Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, web development, IoT, and more.

本 Python 教程专为初学者编写，帮助他们了解 Python 编程语言从最基本到最高级的概念。完成本教程后，你会发现自己在 Python 方面已经具备了很高的专业水平，你可以从那里进入到下一个级别，成为世界级的软件工程师。

This Python tutorial has been written for the beginners to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts of Python Programming Language. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a great level of expertise in Python, from where you can take yourself to the next levels to become a world class Software Engineer.

What is Python?

Python 是一种非常流行的通用解释型、交互式、面向对象且高级的编程语言。Python是一种动态类型和垃圾回收的编程语言。它是由 Guido van Rossum 在 1985-1990 年间创建的。与 Perl 一样，Python 源代码也在 GNU 通用公共许可证 (GPL) 下提供。

Python is a very popular general-purpose interpreted, interactive, object-oriented, and high-level programming language. Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum during 1985- 1990. Like Perl, Python source code is also available under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

本教程从基本概念到高级概念，全面理解 Python 编程语言。本教程将带你学习 Python 编程语言时采用简单实用的方法。

This tutorial gives a complete understanding of Python programming language starting from basic conceopts to advanced concepts. This tutorial will take you through simple and practical approaches while learning Python Programming language.

Python Jobs

如今，Python 非常有需求，所有的大公司都在寻找优秀的 Python 程序员来开发网站、软件组件和应用程序，或与数据科学、人工智能和机器学习技术合作。我们在 2022 年编写本教程时，Python 程序员严重短缺，而随着它在机器学习、人工智能等领域的应用，市场对 Python 程序员的需求更大。

Today, Python is very high in demand and all the major companies are looking for great Python Programmers to develop websites, software components, and applications or to work with Data Science, AI, and ML technologies. When we are developing this tutorial in 2022, there is a high shortage of Python Programmers where as market demands more number of Python Programmers due to it’s application in Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence etc.

如今，一位拥有 3-5 年经验的 Python 程序员每年要求的薪酬约为 150,000 美元，这是美国需求最高的编程语言。尽管它会因工作地点而异。不可能列出所有使用 Python 的公司，举几个大公司：

Today a Python Programmer with 3-5 years of experience is asking for around $150,000 annual package and this is the most demanding programming language in America. Though it can vary depending on the location of the Job. It’s impossible to list all of the companies using Python, to name a few big companies are:

  1. Google

  2. Intel

  3. NASA

  4. PayPal

  5. Facebook

  6. IBM

  7. Amazon

  8. Netflix

  9. Pinterest

  10. Uber

  11. Many more…​

因此，你可以成为这些大公司的下一个潜在员工。我们已经为你开发了优秀的学习材料，以学习 Python 编程，这将帮助你根据 Python 准备技术面试和认证考试。因此，你可以使用本简单有效的教程随时随地以自己的步调开始学习 Python。

So, you could be the next potential employee for any of these major companies. We have developed a great learning material for you to learn Python Programming which will help you prepare for the technical interviews and certification exams based on Python. So, start learning Python using this simple and effective tutorial from anywhere and anytime absolutely at your pace.

Why to Learn Python?

Python 始终被评为世界最流行的编程语言之一。Python 相当容易学习，因此如果你开始学习任何编程语言，Python 可能是你的理想选择。如今，许多学校、学院和大学将 Python 作为其主要的编程语言进行教学。还有许多其他充分的理由使 Python 成为任何程序员的首选：

Python is consistently rated as one of the world’s most popular programming languages. Python is fairly easy to learn, so if you are starting to learn any programming language then Python could be your great choice. Today various Schools, Colleges and Universities are teaching Python as their primary programming language. There are many other good reasons which makes Python as the top choice of any programmer:

  1. Python is Open Source which means its available free of cost.

  2. Python is simple and so easy to learn

  3. Python is versatile and can be used to create many different things.

  4. Python has powerful development libraries include AI, ML etc.

  5. Python is much in demand and ensures high salary

Python 是学生和职业人士成为优秀软件工程师的一个必须，尤其是在他们在 Web 开发领域工作时。我将列出学习 Python 的一些主要优势：

Python is a MUST for students and working professionals to become a great Software Engineer specially when they are working in Web Development Domain. I will list down some of the key advantages of learning Python:

  1. Python is Interpreted − Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. You do not need to compile your program before executing it. This is similar to PERL and PHP.

  2. Python is Interactive − You can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with the interpreter directly to write your programs.

  3. Python is Object-Oriented − Python supports Object-Oriented style or technique of programming that encapsulates code within objects.

  4. Python is a Beginner’s Language − Python is a great language for the beginner-level programmers and supports the development of a wide range of applications from simple text processing to WWW browsers to games.

Python Online Compiler

我们的 Python 编程教程提供了多种示例来解释不同的概念。我们已提供了 Online Python Compiler/Interpreter . 你可以直接从浏览器编辑并执行几乎所有示例，而无需设置你的开发环境。

Our Python programming tutorial provides various examples to explain different concepts. We have provided Online Python Compiler/Interpreter. You can Edit and Execute almost all the examples directly from your browser without the need to set up your development environment.

尝试单击图标运行以下 Python 代码来打印常规的“Hello, World!”。

Try to click the icon to run the following Python code to print conventional "Hello, World!".

# This is my first Python program.
# This will print 'Hello, World!' as the output

print ("Hello, World!");

Careers with Python

如果你很好地掌握 Python，那么你的职业生涯会有很大的发展。以下只是一些 Python 是关键技能的职业选择：

If you know Python nicely, then you have a great career ahead. Here are just a few of the career options where Python is a key skill:

  1. Game developer

  2. Web designer

  3. Python developer

  4. Full-stack developer

  5. Machine learning engineer

  6. Data scientist

  7. Data analyst

  8. Data engineer

  9. DevOps engineer

  10. Software engineer

  11. Many more other roles

Characteristics of Python

以下是 Python Programming 的重要特征 -

Following are important characteristics of Python Programming −

  1. It supports functional and structured programming methods as well as OOP.

  2. It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to byte-code for building large applications.

  3. It provides very high-level dynamic data types and supports dynamic type checking.

  4. It supports automatic garbage collection.

  5. It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and Java.

Applications of Python

Python 是一种以可读性著称的通用编程语言。它被广泛应用于各种领域。

Python is a general purpose programming language known for its readability. It is widely applied in various fields.

  1. In Data Science, Python libraries like Numpy, Pandas, and Matplotlib are used for data analysis and visualization.

  2. Python frameworks like Django, and Pyramid, make the development and deployment of Web Applications easy.

  3. This programming language also extends its applications to computer vision and image processing.

  4. It is also favored in many tasks like Automation, Job Scheduling, GUI development, etc.

Features of Python

Python 的最新版本是 3.x。如前所述，Python 是网络上使用最广泛的语言之一。我将在下面列出其中的一些语言：

The latest release of Python is 3.x. As mentioned before, Python is one of the most widely used language over the web. I’m going to list few of them here:

  1. Easy-to-learn − Python has few keywords, simple structure, and a clearly defined syntax. This allows the student to pick up the language quickly.

  2. Easy-to-read − Python code is more clearly defined and visible to the eyes.

  3. Easy-to-maintain − Python’s source code is fairly easy-to-maintain.

  4. A broad standard library − Python’s bulk of the library is very portable and cross-platform compatible on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh.

  5. Interactive Mode − Python has support for an interactive mode which allows interactive testing and debugging of snippets of code.

  6. Portable − Python can run on a wide variety of hardware platforms and has the same interface on all platforms.

  7. Extendable − You can add low-level modules to the Python interpreter. These modules enable programmers to add to or customize their tools to be more efficient.

  8. Databases − Python provides interfaces to all major commercial databases.

  9. GUI Programming − Python supports GUI applications that can be created and ported to many system calls, libraries and windows systems, such as Windows MFC, Macintosh, and the X Window system of Unix.

  10. Scalable − Python provides a better structure and support for large programs than shell scripting.

Target Audience

本教程专为初学者而编写，以帮助他们理解 Python 编程语言从基础到高级的概念。完成本教程后，你会发现自己在 Python 编程上达到了很高的专业水平，可以从此迈向更高的水平。

This tutorial has been prepared for the beginners to help them understand the basics to advanced concepts of Python programming language. After completing this tutorial, you will find yourself at a great level of expertise in Python programming, from where you can take yourself to the next levels.

Prerequisites

尽管本教程适合初学者，我们假定读者已经合理了解任何编程环境和了解变量、命令、语法等基本概念。

Although it is a beginners tutorial, we assume that the readers have a reasonable exposure to any programming environment and knowledge of basic concepts such as variables, commands, syntax, etc.

Python Questions & Answers

你可以在 Python Questions & Answers 探索一组 Python 问题与解答

You can explore a set of Python Questions and Answers at Python Questions & Answers