>>> l1=[1,2,3]
>>> t1=(1,2,3)

>>> l1[1]
2
>>> t1[1]
2

>>> l1[1]
2
>>> t1[1]
2
>>> l1[1]=20
>>> l1
[1, 20, 3]
>>> t1[1]=20
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

>>> {1:'one', 2:'two', 3:'three'}

>>> type({1:'one', 2:'two', 3:'three'})
<class 'dict'>

>>> {2023, "Python", 3.11, 5+6j, 1.23E-4}
{(5+6j), 3.11, 0.000123, 'Python', 2023}

>>> type({2023, "Python", 3.11, 5+6j, 1.23E-4})
<class 'set'>

>>> {['One', 'Two', 'Three'], 1,2,3, (1.0, 2.0, 3.0)}
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

>>> a=10 # int object
>>> b=10.5 # float object

>>> c=a+b
>>> print (c)
20.5

>>> a=True
>>> b=10.5
>>> c=a+b
>>> print (c)
11.5

>>> a = int(10)
>>> a
10

>>> a = 10
>>> a
10
>>> type(a)
<class 'int>

>>> a = int(10.5) #converts a float object to int
>>> a
10
>>> a = int(2*3.14) #expression results float, is converted to int
>>> a
6
>>> type(a)
<class 'int'>

>>> a=int(True)
>>> a
1
>>> type(a)
<class 'int'>

>>> a = int("100")
>>> a
100
>>> type(a)
<class 'int'>
>>> a = ("10"+"01")
>>> a = int("10"+"01")
>>> a
1001
>>> type(a)
<class 'int'>

>>> a = int("10.5")
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '10.5'
>>> a = int("Hello World")
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'Hello World'

>>> a = int("110011", 2)
>>> a
51

>>> a = int("20", 8)
>>> a
16

>>> a = int("2A9", 16)
>>> a
681

>>> a = float(9.99)
>>> a
9.99
>>> type(a)
<class 'float'>

>>> a = 9.99
>>> a
9.99
>>> type(a)
<class 'float'>

>>> a = float(100)
>>> a
100.0
>>> type(a)
<class 'float'>

>>> a = float("9.99")
>>> a
9.99
>>> type(a)
<class 'float'>
>>> a = float("1,234.50")
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: could not convert string to float: '1,234.50'

>>> a = float("1.00E4")
>>> a
10000.0
>>> type(a)
<class 'float'>
>>> a = float("1.00E-4")
>>> a
0.0001
>>> type(a)
<class 'float'>

>>> a = str(10)
>>> a
'10'
>>> type(a)
<class 'str'>

>>> a=str(11.10)
>>> a
'11.1'
>>> type(a)
<class 'str'>
>>> a = str(2/5)
>>> a
'0.4'
>>> type(a)
<class 'str'>

>>> a=str(10E4)
>>> a
'100000.0'
>>> type(a)
<class 'str'>
>>> a=str(1.23e-4)
>>> a
'0.000123'
>>> type(a)
<class 'str'>

>>> a=str('True')
>>> a
'True'
>>> a=str([1,2,3])
>>> a
'[1, 2, 3]'
>>> a=str((1,2,3))
>>> a
'(1, 2, 3)'
>>> a=str({1:100, 2:200, 3:300})
>>> a
'{1: 100, 2: 200, 3: 300}'

>>> a=[1,2,3,4,5]
>>> b=(1,2,3,4,5)
>>> c="Hello"
### list() separates each character in the string and builds the list
>>> obj=list(c)
>>> obj
['H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
### The parentheses of tuple are replaced by square brackets
>>> obj=list(b)
>>> obj
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
### tuple() separates each character from string and builds a tuple of
characters
>>> obj=tuple(c)
>>> obj
('H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')
### square brackets of list are replaced by parentheses.
>>> obj=tuple(a)
>>> obj
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
### str() function puts the list and tuple inside the quote symbols.
>>> obj=str(a)
>>> obj
'[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]'
>>> obj=str(b)
>>> obj
'(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)'

var = "3/4"
print (var)
var = "\u00BE"
print (var)

'3/4'
3/4

var = "\u0031\u0030"
print (var)

10

string = "Hello"
tobytes = string.encode('utf-8')
print (tobytes)
string = tobytes.decode('utf-8')
print (string)

b'Hello'
Hello

string = "\u20B9"
print (string)
tobytes = string.encode('utf-8')
print (tobytes)
string = tobytes.decode('utf-8')
print (string)

₹
b'\xe2\x82\xb9'
₹

x = 10

y = x*2

x = int(10)

x = 10
y = -25
z = 0

x = 0O34

x = 0X1C

# Using Octal notation
x = 0O34
print ("0O34 in octal is", x, type(x))
# Using Hexadecimal notation
x = 0X1c
print ("0X1c in Hexadecimal is", x, type(x))

0O34 in octal is 28 <class 'int'>
0X1c in Hexadecimal is 28 <class 'int'>

x = 25.55
y = 0.05
z = -12.2345

# Using normal floating point notation
x = 1.23
print ("1.23 in normal float literal is", x, type(x))
# Using Scientific notation
x = 1.23E5
print ("1.23E5 in scientific notation is", x, type(x))
x = 1.23E-2
print ("1.23E-2 in scientific notation is", x, type(x))

1.23 in normal float literal is 1.23 <class 'float'>
1.23E5 in scientific notation is 123000.0 <class 'float''>
1.23E-2 in scientific notation is 0.0123 <class 'float''>

#Using literal notation of complex number
x = 2+3j
print ("2+3j complex literal is", x, type(x))
y = 2.5+4.6j
print ("2.5+4.6j complex literal is", x, type(x))

2+3j complex literal is (2+3j) <class 'complex'>
2.5+4.6j complex literal is (2+3j) <class 'complex'>

var1='hello'
print ("'hello' in single quotes is:", var1, type(var1))
var2="hello"
print ('"hello" in double quotes is:', var1, type(var1))
var3='''hello'''
print ("''''hello'''' in triple quotes is:", var1, type(var1))
var4="""hello"""
print ('"""hello""" in triple quotes is:', var1, type(var1))

'hello' in single quotes is: hello <class 'str'>
"hello" in double quotes is: hello <class 'str'>
''''hello'''' in triple quotes is: hello <class 'str'>
"""hello""" in triple quotes is: hello <class 'str'>

var1='Welcome to "Python Tutorial" from TutorialsPoint'
print (var1)
var2="Welcome to 'Python Tutorial' from TutorialsPoint"
print (var2)

Welcome to "Python Tutorial" from TutorialsPoint
Welcome to 'Python Tutorial' from TutorialsPoint

L1=[1,"Ravi",75.50, True]
print (L1, type(L1))

[1, 'Ravi', 75.5, True] <class 'list'>

T1=(1,"Ravi",75.50, True)
print (T1, type(T1))

[1, 'Ravi', 75.5, True] <class tuple>

T1=1,"Ravi",75.50, True
print (T1, type(T1))

[1, 'Ravi', 75.5, True] <class tuple>

capitals={"USA":"New York", "France":"Paris", "Japan":"Tokyo",
"India":"New Delhi"}
numbers={1:"one", 2:"Two", 3:"three",4:"four"}
points={"p1":(10,10), "p2":(20,20)}

staff={"Krishna":"Officer", "Rajesh":"Manager", "Ragini":"officer", "Anil":"Clerk", "Kavita":"Manager"}

a=10
b=20
print ("Addition of two integers")
print ("a =",a,"b =",b,"addition =",a+b)

Addition of two integers
a = 10 b = 20 addition = 30

a=10
b=20.5
print ("Addition of integer and float")
print ("a =",a,"b =",b,"addition =",a+b)

Addition of integer and float
a = 10 b = 20.5 addition = 30.5

a=10+5j
b=20.5
print ("Addition of complex and float")
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"addition=",a+b)

Addition of complex and float
a= (10+5j) b= 20.5 addition= (30.5+5j)

a=10
b=20
print ("Subtraction of two integers:")
print ("a =",a,"b =",b,"a-b =",a-b)
print ("a =",a,"b =",b,"b-a =",b-a)

Subtraction of two integers
a = 10 b = 20 a-b = -10
a = 10 b = 20 b-a = 10

a=10
b=20.5
print ("subtraction of integer and float")
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"a-b=",a-b)
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"b-a=",b-a)

subtraction of integer and float
a= 10 b= 20.5 a-b= -10.5
a= 10 b= 20.5 b-a= 10.5

a=10+5j
b=20.5
print ("subtraction of complex and float")
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"a-b=",a-b)
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"b-a=",b-a)

subtraction of complex and float
a= (10+5j) b= 20.5 a-b= (-10.5+5j)
a= (10+5j) b= 20.5 b-a= (10.5-5j)

a=10
b=20
print ("Multiplication of two integers")
print ("a =",a,"b =",b,"a*b =",a*b)

Multiplication of two integers
a = 10 b = 20 a*b = 200

a=10
b=20.5
print ("Multiplication of integer and float")
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"a*b=",a*b)
a=-5.55
b=6.75E-3
print ("Multiplication of float and float")
print ("a =",a,"b =",b,"a*b =",a*b)

Multiplication of integer and float
a = 10 b = 20.5 a-b = -10.5
Multiplication of float and float
a = -5.55 b = 0.00675 a*b = -0.037462499999999996

a=10+5j
b=20.5
print ("Multiplication of complex and float")
print ("a =",a,"b =",b,"a*b =",a*b)

Multiplication of complex and float
a = (10+5j) b = 20.5 a*b = (205+102.5j)

a=10
b=20
print ("Division of two integers")
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"a/b=",a/b)
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"b/a=",b/a)

Division of two integers
a= 10 b= 20 a/b= 0.5
a= 10 b= 20 b/a= 2.0

a=10
b=-20.5
print ("Division of integer and float")
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"a/b=",a/b)
a=-2.50
b=1.25E2
print ("Division of float and float")
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"a/b=",a/b)

Division of integer and float
a= 10 b= -20.5 a/b= -0.4878048780487805
Division of float and float
a= -2.5 b= 125.0 a/b= -0.02

a=7.5+7.5j
b=2.5
print ("Division of complex and float")
print ("a =",a,"b =",b,"a/b =",a/b)
print ("a =",a,"b =",b,"b/a =",b/a)

Division of complex and float
a = (7.5+7.5j) b = 2.5 a/b = (3+3j)
a = (7.5+7.5j) b = 2.5 b/a = (0.16666666666666666-0.16666666666666666j)

a=0
b=2.5
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"a/b=",a/b)
print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"b/a=",b/a)

a= 0 b= 2.5 a/b= 0.0
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\mlath\examples\example.py", line 20, in <module>
     print ("a=",a,"b=",b,"b/a=",b/a)
                                 ~^~
ZeroDivisionError: float division by zero

a=10
b=2
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a%b=", a%b)
a=10
b=4
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a%b=", a%b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "b%a=", b%a)
a=0
b=10
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a%b=", a%b)
print ("a=", a, "b=", b, "b%a=",b%a)

a= 10 b= 2 a%b= 0
a= 10 b= 4 a%b= 2
a= 10 b= 4 b%a= 4
a= 0 b= 10 a%b= 0
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\mlath\examples\example.py", line 13, in <module>
    print ("a=", a, "b=", b, "b%a=",b%a)
                                    ~^~
ZeroDivisionError: integer modulo by zero

a=10
b=2.5
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a%b=", a%b)
a=10
b=1.5
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a%b=", a%b)
a=7.7
b=2.5
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a%b=", a%b)
a=12.4
b=3
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a%b=", a%b)

a= 10 b= 2.5 a%b= 0.0
a= 10 b= 1.5 a%b= 1.0
a= 7.7 b= 2.5 a%b= 0.20000000000000018
a= 12.4 b= 3 a%b= 0.40000000000000036

a=10
b=2
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a**b=", a**b)
a=10
b=1.5
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a**b=", a**b)
a=7.7
b=2
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a**b=", a**b)
a=1+2j
b=4
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a**b=", a**b)
a=12.4
b=0
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a**b=", a**b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "b**a=", b**a)

a= 10 b= 2 a**b= 100
a= 10 b= 1.5 a**b= 31.622776601683793
a= 7.7 b= 2 a**b= 59.290000000000006
a= (1+2j) b= 4 a**b= (-7-24j)
a= 12.4 b= 0 a**b= 1.0
a= 12.4 b= 0 b**a= 0.0

a=9
b=2
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a//b=", a//b)
a=9
b=-2
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a//b=", a//b)
a=10
b=1.5
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a//b=", a//b)
a=-10
b=1.5
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a//b=", a//b)

a= 9 b= 2 a//b= 4
a= 9 b= -2 a//b= -5
a= 10 b= 1.5 a//b= 6.0
a= -10 b= 1.5 a//b= -7.0

a=2.5+3.4j
b=-3+1.0j
print ("Addition of complex numbers - a=",a, "b=",b, "a+b=", a+b)
print ("Subtraction of complex numbers - a=",a, "b=",b, "a-b=", a-b)

Addition of complex numbers - a= (2.5+3.4j) b= (-3+1j) a+b= (-0.5+4.4j)
Subtraction of complex numbers - a= (2.5+3.4j) b= (-3+1j) a-b=
(5.5+2.4j)

(a+bj)*(x+yj) = ax+ayj+xbj+byj2 = (ax-by)+(ay+xb)j

a=6+4j
b=3+2j
c=a*b
c=(18-8)+(12+12)j
c=10+24j

a=6+4j
b=3+2j
print ("Multplication of complex numbers - a=",a, "b=",b, "a*b=", a*b)

>>> a=5+6j
>>> a.conjugate()
(5-6j)

a=6+4j
b=3+2j
c=a/b
c=(6+4j)/(3+2j)
c=(6+4j)*(3-2j)/3+2j)*(3-2j)
c=(18-12j+12j+8)/(9-6j+6j+4)
c=26/13
c=2+0j

a=6+4j
b=3+2j
print ("Division of complex numbers - a=",a, "b=",b, "a/b=", a/b)

a=10
b=5
a=a+b
print (a)

a=10
b=5
print ("Augmented addition of int and int")
a+=b #equivalent to a=a+b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=10
b=5.5
print ("Augmented addition of int and float")
a+=b #equivalent to a=a+b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=10.50
b=5+6j
print ("Augmented addition of float and complex")
a+=b #equivalent to a=a+b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))

Augmented addition of int and int
a= 15 type(a): <class 'int'>
Augmented addition of int and float
a= 15.5 type(a): <class 'float'>
Augmented addition of float and complex
a= (15.5+6j) type(a): <class 'complex'>

a=10
b=5
print ("Augmented subtraction of int and int")
a-=b #equivalent to a=a-b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=10
b=5.5
print ("Augmented subtraction of int and float")
a-=b #equivalent to a=a-b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=10.50
b=5+6j
print ("Augmented subtraction of float and complex")
a-=b #equivalent to a=a-b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))

Augmented subtraction of int and int
a= 5 type(a): <class 'int'>
Augmented subtraction of int and float
a= 4.5 type(a): <class 'float'>
Augmented subtraction of float and complex
a= (5.5-6j) type(a): <class 'complex'>

a=10
b=5
print ("Augmented multiplication of int and int")
a*=b #equivalent to a=a*b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=10
b=5.5
print ("Augmented multiplication of int and float")
a*=b #equivalent to a=a*b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=6+4j
b=3+2j
print ("Augmented multiplication of complex and complex")
a*=b #equivalent to a=a*b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))

Augmented multiplication of int and int
a= 50 type(a): <class 'int'>
Augmented multiplication of int and float
a= 55.0 type(a): <class 'float'>
Augmented multiplication of complex and complex
a= (10+24j) type(a): <class 'complex'>

a=10
b=5
print ("Augmented division of int and int")
a/=b #equivalent to a=a/b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=10
b=5.5
print ("Augmented division of int and float")
a/=b #equivalent to a=a/b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=6+4j
b=3+2j
print ("Augmented division of complex and complex")
a/=b #equivalent to a=a/b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))

Augmented division of int and int
a= 2.0 type(a): <class 'float'>
Augmented division of int and float
a= 1.8181818181818181 type(a): <class 'float'>
Augmented division of complex and complex
a= (2+0j) type(a): <class 'complex'>

a=10
b=5
print ("Augmented modulus operator with int and int")
a%=b #equivalent to a=a%b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=10
b=5.5
print ("Augmented modulus operator with int and float")
a%=b #equivalent to a=a%b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))

Augmented modulus operator with int and int
a= 0 type(a): <class 'int'>
Augmented modulus operator with int and float
a= 4.5 type(a): <class 'float'>

a=10
b=5
print ("Augmented exponent operator with int and int")
a**=b #equivalent to a=a**b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=10
b=5.5
print ("Augmented exponent operator with int and float")
a**=b #equivalent to a=a**b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=6+4j
b=3+2j
print ("Augmented exponent operator with complex and complex")
a**=b #equivalent to a=a**b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))

Augmented exponent operator with int and int
a= 100000 type(a): <class 'int'>
Augmented exponent operator with int and float
a= 316227.7660168379 type(a): <class 'float'>
Augmented exponent operator with complex and complex
a= (97.52306038414744-62.22529992036203j) type(a): <class 'complex'>

a=10
b=5
print ("Augmented floor division operator with int and int")
a//=b #equivalent to a=a//b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
a=10
b=5.5
print ("Augmented floor division operator with int and float")
a//=b #equivalent to a=a//b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))

Augmented floor division operator with int and int
a= 2 type(a): <class 'int'>
Augmented floor division operator with int and float
a= 1.0 type(a): <class 'float'>

a=5
b=7
print (a>b)
print (a<b)

False
True

print ("Both operands are integer")
a=5
b=7
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a>b is", a>b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a==b is",a==b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a!=b is",a!=b)

Both operands are integer
a= 5 b= 7 a>b is False
a= 5 b= 7 a<b is True
a= 5 b= 7 a==b is False
a= 5 b= 7 a!=b is True

print ("comparison of int and float")
a=10
b=10.0
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a>b is", a>b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a==b is",a==b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a!=b is",a!=b)

comparison of int and float
a= 10 b= 10.0 a>b is False
a= 10 b= 10.0 a<b is False
a= 10 b= 10.0 a==b is True
a= 10 b= 10.0 a!=b is False

print ("comparison of complex numbers")
a=10+1j
b=10.-1j
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a==b is",a==b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a!=b is",a!=b)

comparison of complex numbers
a= (10+1j) b= (10-1j) a==b is False
a= (10+1j) b= (10-1j) a!=b is True

print ("comparison of complex numbers")
a=10+1j
b=10.-1j
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a>b is",a>b)

comparison of complex numbers
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\mlath\examples\example.py", line 5, in <module>
    print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
                                      ^^^
TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'complex' and
'complex

print ("comparison of Booleans")
a=True
b=False
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a>b is",a>b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a==b is",a==b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a!=b is",a!=b)

comparison of Booleans
a= True b= False a<b is False
a= True b= False a>b is True
a= True b= False a==b is False
a= True b= False a!=b is True

print ("comparison of different sequence types")
a=(1,2,3)
b=[1,2,3]
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)

comparison of different sequence types
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\mlath\examples\example.py", line 5, in <module>
    print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
                                       ^^^
TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'tuple' and 'list'

print ("comparison of strings")
a='BAT'
b='BALL'
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a>b is",a>b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a==b is",a==b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a!=b is",a!=b)

comparison of strings
a= BAT b= BALL a<b is False
a= BAT b= BALL a>b is True
a= BAT b= BALL a==b is False
a= BAT b= BALL a!=b is True

print ("comparison of tuples")
a=(1,2,4)
b=(1,2,3)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a>b is",a>b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a==b is",a==b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a!=b is",a!=b)

a= (1, 2, 4) b= (1, 2, 3) a<b is False
a= (1, 2, 4) b= (1, 2, 3) a>b is True
a= (1, 2, 4) b= (1, 2, 3) a==b is False
a= (1, 2, 4) b= (1, 2, 3) a!=b is True

print ("comparison of dictionary objects")
a={1:1,2:2}
b={2:2, 1:1, 3:3}
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a==b is",a==b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a!=b is",a!=b)

comparison of dictionary objects
a= {1: 1, 2: 2} b= {2: 2, 1: 1, 3: 3} a==b is False
a= {1: 1, 2: 2} b= {2: 2, 1: 1, 3: 3} a!=b is True

age>16 and marks>80
percentage<50 or attendance<75

x = 10
y = 20
print("x > 0 and x < 10:",x > 0 and x < 10)
print("x > 0 and y > 10:",x > 0 and y > 10)
print("x > 10 or y > 10:",x > 10 or y > 10)
print("x%2 == 0 and y%2 == 0:",x%2 == 0 and y%2 == 0)
print ("not (x+y>15):", not (x+y)>15)

x > 0 and x < 10: False
x > 0 and y > 10: True
x > 10 or y > 10: True
x%2 == 0 and y%2 == 0: True
not (x+y>15): False

x = 10
y = 20
z = 0
print("x and y:",x and y)
print("x or y:",x or y)
print("z or x:",z or x)
print("y or z:", y or z)

x and y: 20
x or y: 10
z or x: 10
y or z: 20

a="Hello"
b=tuple()
print("a and b:",a and b)
print("b or a:",b or a)

a and b: ()
b or a: Hello

x=[1,2,3]
y=[10,20,30]
print("x and y:",x and y)
print("x or y:",x or y)

x and y: [10, 20, 30]
x or y: [1, 2, 3]

0 & 0 is 0
1 & 0 is 0
0 & 1 is 0
1 & 1 is 1

a=60
b=13
print ("a:",a, "b:",b, "a&b:",a&b)

a: 60 b: 13 a&b: 12

print ("a:", bin(a))
print ("b:", bin(b))

a: 0b111100
b: 0b1101

            0011 1100
                &
            0000 1101
            -------------
            0000 1100

>>> int('00001100',2)
12

0 | 0 is 0
0 | 1 is 1
1 | 0 is 1
1 | 1 is 1

a=60
b=13
print ("a:",a, "b:",b, "a|b:",a|b)
print ("a:", bin(a))
print ("b:", bin(b))

a: 60 b: 13 a|b: 61
a: 0b111100
b: 0b1101

                0011 1100
                    |
                0000 1101
                -------------
                0011 1101

>>> int('00111101',2)
61

0 ^ 0 is 0
0 ^ 1 is 1
1 ^ 0 is 1
1 ^ 1 is 0

a=60
b=13
print ("a:",a, "b:",b, "a^b:",a^b)

a: 60 b: 13 a^b: 49

            0011 1100
                ^
            0000 1101
            -------------
            0011 0001

>>> int('00110001',2)
49

-1 is complement(1 - 1) = complement(0) = "11111111"
-10 is complement(10 - 1) = complement(9) = complement("00001001") = "11110110".

a=60
print ("a:",a, "~a:", ~a)

a: 60 ~a: -61

a=60
print ("a:",a, "a<<2:", a<<2)

a: 60 a<<2: 240

            0011 1100
             <<
                 2
            -------------
            1111 0000

>>> int('11110000',2)
240

a=60
print ("a:",a, "a>>2:", a>>2)

a: 60 a>>2: 15

         0011 1100
         >>
             2
         -------------
         0000 1111

>>> int('00001111',2)
15

var = "TutorialsPoint"
a = "P"
b = "tor"
c = "in"
d = "To"
print (a, "in", var, ":", a in var)
print (b, "not in", var, ":", b not in var)
print (c, "in", var, ":", c in var)
print (d, "not in", var, ":", d not in var)

P in TutorialsPoint : True
tor not in TutorialsPoint : False
in in TutorialsPoint : True
To not in TutorialsPoint : True

var = [10,20,30,40]
a = 20
b = 10
c = a-b
d = a/2
print (a, "in", var, ":", a in var)
print (b, "not in", var, ":", b not in var)
print (c, "in", var, ":", c in var)
print (d, "not in", var, ":", d not in var)

20 in [10, 20, 30, 40] : True
10 not in [10, 20, 30, 40] : False
10 in [10, 20, 30, 40] : True
10.0 not in [10, 20, 30, 40] : False

>>> 0x14 in [10, 20, 30, 40]
True

var = (10,20,30,40)
a = 10
b = 20
print ((a,b), "in", var, ":", (a,b) in var)
var = ((10,20),30,40)
a = 10
b = 20
print ((a,b), "in", var, ":", (a,b) in var)

(10, 20) in (10, 20, 30, 40) : False
(10, 20) in ((10, 20), 30, 40) : True

var = {10,20,30,40}
a = 10
b = 20
print (b, "in", var, ":", b in var)
var = {(10,20),30,40}
a = 10
b = 20
print ((a,b), "in", var, ":", (a,b) in var)

20 in {40, 10, 20, 30} : True
(10, 20) in {40, 30, (10, 20)} : True

var = {1:10, 2:20, 3:30}
a = 2
b = 20
print (a, "in", var, ":", a in var)
print (b, "in", var, ":", b in var)

2 in {1: 10, 2: 20, 3: 30} : True
20 in {1: 10, 2: 20, 3: 30} : False

a="TutorialsPoint"
b=a
print ("id(a), id(b):", id(a), id(b))
print ("a is b:", a is b)
print ("b is not a:", b is not a)

id(a), id(b): 2739311598832 2739311598832
a is b: True
b is not a: False

a=[1,2,3]
b=[1,2,3]
print ("id(a), id(b):", id(a), id(b))
print ("a is b:", a is b)
print ("b is not a:", b is not a)

id(a), id(b): 1552612704640 1552567805568
a is b: False
b is not a: True

print (id(a[0]), id(a[1]), id(a[2]))
print (id(b[0]), id(b[1]), id(b[2]))

140734682034984 140734682035016 140734682035048
140734682034984 140734682035016 140734682035048

# this is a comment
print ("Hello World")
print ("How are you?") #also a comment but after a statement.

'''
First line in the comment
Second line in the comment
Third line in the comment
'''
print ("Hello World")

#! /usr/bin/python3.11
name = "Kiran"
city = "Hyderabad"
print ("Hello My name is", name)
print ("I am from", city)

C:\python311> python var1.py
Hello My name is Kiran
I am from Hyderabad

>>> var = input()

#! /usr/bin/python3.11
name = input()
city = input()
print ("Hello My name is", name)
print ("I am from ", city)

Ravi
Chennai
Hello My name is Ravi
I am from Chennai

#! /usr/bin/python3.11
name = input("Enter your name : ")
city = input("enter your city : ")
print ("Hello My name is", name)
print ("I am from ", city)

Enter your name: Praveen Rao
enter your city: Bengaluru
Hello My name is Praveen Rao
I am from Bengaluru

#! /usr/bin/python3.11
width = input("Enter width : ")
height = input("Enter height : ")
area = width*height
print ("Area of rectangle = ", area)

Enter width: 20
Enter height: 30
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python311\var1.py", line 5, in <module>
   area = width*height
TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int of type 'str'

w= input("Enter width : ")
width=int(w)
h= input("Enter height : ")
height=int(h)

#! /usr/bin/python3.11
width = int(input("Enter width : "))
height = int(input("Enter height : "))
area = width*height
print ("Area of rectangle = ", area)

Enter width: 20
Enter height: 30
Area of rectangle = 600

#! /usr/bin/python3.11
amount = float(input("Enter Amount : "))
rate = float(input("Enter rate of interest : "))
interest = amount*rate/100
print ("Amount: ", amount, "Interest: ", interest)

Enter Amount: 12500
Enter rate of interest: 6.5
Amount: 12500.0 Interest: 812.5

print ("Hello World ")

#! /usr/bin/python3.11
a = "Hello World"
b = 100
c = 25.50
d = 5+6j
print ("Message: a)
print (b, c, b-c)
print(pow(100, 0.5), pow(c,2))

Message Hello World
100 25.5 74.5
10.0 650.25

#! /usr/bin/python3.11
city="Hyderabad"
state="Telangana"
country="India"
print(city, state, country, sep=',')

Hyderabad,Telangana,India

city="Hyderabad"
state="Telangana"
print("City:", city)
print("State:", state)

City: Hyderabad
State: Telangana

city="Hyderabad"
state="Telangana"
country="India"
print("City:", city, end=" ")
print("State:", state)

City: Hyderabad State: Telangana

>>> a =10

a=10
b=20
c=a+b
print ("a:", a, "type:", type(a))

a: 10 type: <class 'int'>

>>> a=int(10.5)
>>> b=int("100")

a=0b101
print ("a:",a, "type:",type(a))
b=int("0b101011",2)
print ("b:",b, "type:",type(b))

a: 5 type: <class 'int'>
b: 43 type: <class 'int'>

a=43
b=bin(a)
print ("Integer:",a, "Binary equivalent:",b)

Integer: 43 Binary equivalent: 0b101011

a=0O107
print (a, type(a))

71 <class 'int'>

a=int('20',8)
print (a, type(a))

16 <class 'int'>

a=0O56
print ("a:",a, "type:",type(a))
b=int("0O31",8)
print ("b:",b, "type:",type(b))
c=a+b
print ("addition:", c)

a: 46 type: <class 'int'>
b: 25 type: <class 'int'>
addition: 71

a=oct(71)
print (a, type(a))

a=0XA2
print (a, type(a))

162 <class 'int'>

a=int('0X1e', 16)
print (a, type(a))

num_string = "A1"
number = int(num_string, 16)
print ("Hexadecimal:", num_string, "Integer:",number)

Hexadecimal: A1 Integer: 161

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python311\var1.py", line 4, in <module>
    number = int(num_string, 16)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 16: 'X001'

a=hex(161)
print (a, type(a))

0xa1 <class 'str'>

a=10 #decimal
b=0b10 #binary
c=0O10 #octal
d=0XA #Hexadecimal
e=a+b+c+d
print ("addition:", e)

addition: 30

>>> a=9.99
>>> b=0.999
>>> c=-9.99
>>> d=-0.999

>>> a=1E10
>>> a
10000000000.0
>>> b=9.90E-5
>>> b
9.9e-05
>>> 1.23E3
1230.0

a=10.33
b=2.66
c=a/b
print ("c:", c, "type", type(c))

c: 3.8834586466165413 type <class 'float'>

>>> a=float()
>>> a
0.0
>>> a=float(10)
>>> a
10.0

a=float(0b10)
b=float(0O10)
c=float(0xA)
print (a,b,c, sep=",")

2.0,8.0,10.0

a=float("-123.54")
b=float("1.23E04")
print ("a=",a,"b=",b)

a= -123.54 b= 12300.0

a=1.00E400
print (a, type(a))
a=float("Infinity")
print (a, type(a))

inf <class 'float'>
inf <class 'float'>

>>> a=float('Nan')
>>> a
Nan

>>> a=5+6j
>>> a
(5+6j)
>>> type(a)
<class 'complex'>
>>> a=2.25-1.2J
>>> a
(2.25-1.2j)
>>> type(a)
<class 'complex'>
>>> a=1.01E-2+2.2e3j
>>> a
(0.0101+2200j)
>>> type(a)
<class 'complex'>

a=complex(5.3,6)
b=complex(1.01E-2, 2.2E3)
print ("a:", a, "type:", type(a))
print ("b:", b, "type:", type(b))

a: (5.3+6j) type: <class 'complex'>
b: (0.0101+2200j) type: <class 'complex'>

a=complex(1+2j, 2-3j)
print (a, type(a))

(4+4j) <class 'complex'>

complex(1+2j, 2-3j)
=(1+2j)+(2-3j)*j
=1+2j +2j+3
=4+4j

a=complex(5.3)
print ("a:", a, "type:", type(a))

a: (5.3+0j) type: <class 'complex'>

a= "5.5+2.3j"
b=complex(a)
print ("Complex number:", b)

Complex number: (5.5+2.3j)

a=5+6j
print ("Real part:", a.real, "Coefficient of Imaginary part:", a.imag)

Real part: 5.0 Coefficient of Imaginary part: 6.0

>>> a=5-2.2j
>>> a.conjugate()
(5+2.2j)

>>> a=True
>>> b=False
>>> type(a), type(b)
(<class 'bool'>, <class 'bool'>)

a=int(True)
print ("bool to int:", a)
a=float(False)
print ("bool to float:", a)
a=complex(True)
print ("bool to complex:", a)

bool to int: 1
bool to float: 0.0
bool to complex: (1+0j)

if expr==True:
   stmt1
   stmt2
   stmt3
   ..
   ..
Stmt4

discount = 0
amount = 1200
if amount > 1000:
   discount = amount * 10 / 100
print("amount = ",amount - discount)

amount = 1080.0

amount = 800

if expr==True:
   stmt1
   stmt2
   stmt3
else:
   stmt4
   stmt5
   stmt6
Stmt7

age=25
print ("age: ", age)
if age>=18:
   print ("eligible to vote")
else:
   print ("not eligible to vote")

age: 25
eligible to vote

age: 12
not eligible to vote

if expression1:
   statement(s)
elif expression2:
   statement(s)
elif expression3:
   statement(s)
else:
   statement(s)

amount = int(input('Enter amount: '))
if amount > 10000:
   discount = amount * 20 / 100
else:
   if amount > 5000:
      discount = amount * 10 / 100
   else:
      if amount > 1000:
         discount = amount * 5 / 100
      else:
         dicount = 0
print('amount: ',amount - discount)

amount = 800
print('amount = ',amount)
if amount > 10000:
   discount = amount * 20 / 100
elif amount > 5000:
   discount = amount * 10 / 100
elif amount > 1000:
   discount = amount * 5 / 100
else:
   discount=0

print('payable amount = ',amount - discount)

amount: 800
payable amount = 800
amount: 2500
payable amount = 2375.0
amount: 7500
payable amount = 6750.0
amount: 15000
payable amount = 12000.0

if expression1:
   statement(s)
   if expression2:
      statement(s)
   elif expression3:
      statement(s)3
   else
      statement(s)
elif expression4:
   statement(s)
else:
   statement(s)

# !/usr/bin/python3
num=8
print ("num = ",num)
if num%2==0:
   if num%3==0:
      print ("Divisible by 3 and 2")
   else:
      print ("divisible by 2 not divisible by 3")
else:
   if num%3==0:
      print ("divisible by 3 not divisible by 2")
   else:
      print ("not Divisible by 2 not divisible by 3")

num = 8
divisible by 2 not divisible by 3
num = 15
divisible by 3 not divisible by 2
num = 12
Divisible by 3 and 2
num = 5
not Divisible by 2 not divisible by 3

match variable_name:
   case 'pattern 1' : statement 1
   case 'pattern 2' : statement 2
   ...
   case 'pattern n' : statement n

def weekday(n):
   match n:
      case 0: return "Monday"
      case 1: return "Tuesday"
      case 2: return "Wednesday"
      case 3: return "Thursday"
      case 4: return "Friday"
      case 5: return "Saturday"
      case 6: return "Sunday"
      case _: return "Invalid day number"
print (weekday(3))
print (weekday(6))
print (weekday(7))

Thursday
Sunday
Invalid day number

def access(user):
   match user:
      case "admin" | "manager": return "Full access"
      case "Guest": return "Limited access"
      case _: return "No access"
print (access("manager"))
print (access("Guest"))
print (access("Ravi"))

Full access
Limited access
No access

def greeting(details):
   match details:
      case [time, name]:
         return f'Good {time} {name}!'
      case [time, *names]:
         msg=''
         for name in names:
            msg+=f'Good {time} {name}!\n'
         return msg

print (greeting(["Morning", "Ravi"]))
print (greeting(["Afternoon","Guest"]))
print (greeting(["Evening", "Kajal", "Praveen", "Lata"]))

Good Morning Ravi!
Good Afternoon Guest!
Good Evening Kajal!
Good Evening Praveen!
Good Evening Lata!

def intr(details):
   match details:
      case [amt, duration] if amt<10000:
         return amt*10*duration/100
      case [amt, duration] if amt>=10000:
         return amt*15*duration/100
print ("Interest = ", intr([5000,5]))
print ("Interest = ", intr([15000,3]))

Interest = 2500.0
Interest = 6750.0

for iterating_var in sequence:
   statements(s)

zen = '''
Beautiful is better than ugly.
Explicit is better than implicit.
Simple is better than complex.
Complex is better than complicated.
'''
for char in zen:
   if char not in 'aeiou':
      print (char, end='')

Btfl s bttr thn gly.
Explct s bttr thn mplct.
Smpl s bttr thn cmplx.
Cmplx s bttr thn cmplctd.

numbers = (34,54,67,21,78,97,45,44,80,19)
total = 0
for num in numbers:
   total+=num
print ("Total =", total)

Total = 539

numbers = [34,54,67,21,78,97,45,44,80,19]
total = 0
for num in numbers:
   if num%2 == 0:
      print (num)

34
54
78
44
80

range(start, stop, step)

numbers = range(5)
'''
start is 0 by default,
step is 1 by default,
range generated from 0 to 4
'''
print (list(numbers))
# step is 1 by default, range generated from 10 to 19
numbers = range(10,20)
print (list(numbers))
# range generated from 1 to 10 increment by step of 2
numbers = range(1, 10, 2)
print (list(numbers))

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

for num in range(5):
 print (num, end=' ')
print()
for num in range(10,20):
 print (num, end=' ')
print()
for num in range(1, 10, 2):
 print (num, end=' ')

0 1 2 3 4
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1 3 5 7 9

Factorial of a number n! = 1 * 2 * . . . . . * n

fact=1
N = 5
for x in range(1, N+1):
   fact=fact*x
print ("factorial of {} is {}".format(N, fact))

factorial of 5 is 120