Python Data Access 简明教程
Python PostgreSQL - Where Clause
在执行SELECT、UPDATE或DELETE操作时，可以使用WHERE子句指定条件以筛选记录。该操作将对满足给定条件的记录执行。
Syntax
以下是PostgreSQL中WHERE子句的语法 −
SELECT column1, column2, columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE [search_condition]您可以使用比较或逻辑运算符（如>、<、=、LIKE、NOT等）指定search_condition。以下示例将阐明此概念。
Example
假设我们使用以下查询创建了一个名为 CRICKETERS 的表 -
postgres=# CREATE TABLE CRICKETERS (
First_Name VARCHAR(255), Last_Name VARCHAR(255),
Age int, Place_Of_Birth VARCHAR(255), Country VARCHAR(255)
);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=#并且如果我们使用 INSERT 语句向其中插入 5 条记录，如下所示 -
postgres=# insert into CRICKETERS values('Shikhar', 'Dhawan', 33, 'Delhi', 'India');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into CRICKETERS values('Jonathan', 'Trott', 38, 'CapeTown', 'SouthAfrica');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into CRICKETERS values('Kumara', 'Sangakkara', 41, 'Matale', 'Srilanka');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into CRICKETERS values('Virat', 'Kohli', 30, 'Delhi', 'India');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into CRICKETERS values('Rohit', 'Sharma', 32, 'Nagpur', 'India');
INSERT 0 1以下SELECT语句检索年龄大于35岁的记录 −
postgres=# SELECT * FROM CRICKETERS WHERE AGE > 35;
first_name | last_name | age | place_of_birth | country
------------+------------+-----+----------------+-------------
Jonathan | Trott | 38 | CapeTown | SouthAfrica
Kumara | Sangakkara | 41 | Matale | Srilanka
(2 rows)
postgres=#Where clause using python
要使用python程序从表中获取特定记录，请使用WHERE子句执行SELECT语句，通过将其作为参数传递给 execute() 方法。
Example
以下python示例演示了使用python的WHERE命令。
import psycopg2
#establishing the connection
conn = psycopg2.connect(
database="mydb", user='postgres', password='password', host='127.0.0.1', port= '5432'
)
#Setting auto commit false
conn.autocommit = True
#Creating a cursor object using the cursor() method
cursor = conn.cursor()
#Doping EMPLOYEE table if already exists.
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS EMPLOYEE")
sql = '''CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
FIRST_NAME CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
LAST_NAME CHAR(20),
AGE INT,
SEX CHAR(1),
INCOME FLOAT
)'''
cursor.execute(sql)
#Populating the table
insert_stmt = "INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, AGE, SEX, INCOME)
VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)"
data = [('Krishna', 'Sharma', 19, 'M', 2000),
('Raj', 'Kandukuri', 20, 'M', 7000),
('Ramya', 'Ramapriya', 25, 'M', 5000),
('Mac', 'Mohan', 26, 'M', 2000)]
cursor.executemany(insert_stmt, data)
#Retrieving specific records using the where clause
cursor.execute("SELECT * from EMPLOYEE WHERE AGE <23")
print(cursor.fetchall())
#Commit your changes in the database
conn.commit()
#Closing the connection
conn.close()