Python Design Patterns 简明教程
Python Design Patterns - Sets
集合可以定义为可迭代、可变且不包含重复元素的无序集合。在 Python 中,集合类是数学集合的表示形式。使用集合的主要优点是它包括检查特定元素的高度优化方法。
Python 包含一个称为冻结集合的单独类别。这些集合是不可变对象,只支持产生所需结果的方法和运算符。
How to implement sets?
以下程序有助于实现集合 −
# Set in Python
# Creating two sets
set1 = set()
set2 = set()
# Adding elements to set1
for i in range(1, 6):
set1.add(i)
# Adding elements to set2
for i in range(3, 8):
set2.add(i)
print("Set1 = ", set1)
print("Set2 = ", set2)
print("\n")
# Union of set1 and set2
set3 = set1 | set2# set1.union(set2)
print("Union of Set1 & Set2: Set3 = ", set3)
# Intersection of set1 and set2
set4 = set1 & set2# set1.intersection(set2)
print("Intersection of Set1 & Set2: Set4 = ", set4)
print("\n")
# Checking relation between set3 and set4
if set3 > set4: # set3.issuperset(set4)
print("Set3 is superset of Set4")
elif set3 < set4: # set3.issubset(set4)
print("Set3 is subset of Set4")
else : # set3 == set4
print("Set3 is same as Set4")
# displaying relation between set4 and set3
if set4 < set3: # set4.issubset(set3)
print("Set4 is subset of Set3")
print("\n")
# difference between set3 and set4
set5 = set3 - set4
print("Elements in Set3 and not in Set4: Set5 = ", set5)
print("\n")
# checkv if set4 and set5 are disjoint sets
if set4.isdisjoint(set5):
print("Set4 and Set5 have nothing in common\n")
# Removing all the values of set5
set5.clear()
print("After applying clear on sets Set5: ")
print("Set5 = ", set5)