Python Falcon 简明教程

def application (environ, start_response):
   ...
   ...
   return [("Hello World!".encode("utf-8")]

import asyncio
async def main():
   print('hello')
   await asyncio.sleep(5)
   print('world')

asyncio.run(main())

async def app(scope, receive, send):
   assert scope['type'] == 'http'
   await send({
   'type': 'http.response.start',
   'status': 200,
   'headers': [
      [b'content-type', b'text/plain'],
   ],
})
await send({
   'type': 'http.response.body',
   'body': b'Hello, world!',
})

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

import falcon

app = falcon.App()

class HelloResource:
   def on_get(self, req, resp):
      """Handles GET requests"""
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_TEXT
      resp.text = (
         'Hello World'
      )
hello = HelloResource()

app.add_route('/hello', hello)

if __name__ == '__main__':
   with make_server('', 8000, app) as httpd:
   print('Serving on port 8000...')
# Serve until process is killed
httpd.serve_forever()

(falconenv) E:\falconenv>python hellofalcon.py
Serving on port 8000...

C:\Users\user>curl localhost:8000/hello
Hello World

from waitress import serve
import falcon
class HelloResource:
   def on_get(self, req, resp):
   """Handles GET requests"""
   resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
   resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_TEXT
   resp.text = (
      'Hello World'
   )
app = falcon.App()
hello = HelloResource()
app.add_route('/hello', hello)
if __name__ == '__main__':
   serve(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)

waitress-serve --port=8000 hellofalcon:app

import falcon
import falcon.asgi

app = falcon.asgi.App()

import falcon
import falcon.asgi
class HelloResource:
   async def on_get(self, req, resp):
      """Handles GET requests"""
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_TEXT
      resp.text = (
         'Hello World'
      )
app = falcon.asgi.App()
hello = HelloResource()
app.add_route('/hello', hello)

uvicorn hellofalcon:app –reload

curl [options] [URL1, URL2,..]

Curl –X DELETE http://localhost:8000/student/1

Curl –H "Content-Type: application/json" -X GET
http://localhost:8000/students

Curl –I –X DELETE http://localhost:8000/student/2

Curl –H "Content-Type: application/json" -X PUT -d
"{"""marks""":"""50"""}" http://localhost:8000/students/3

from waitress import serve
import falcon
import json
class HelloResource:
   def on_get(self, req, resp):
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_TEXT
      resp.text = (
         'Hello World'
      )
   def on_post(self, req, resp):
      data=req.media
      nm=data['name']
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_TEXT
      resp.text = (
         'Hello '+nm
      )
app = falcon.App()
hello = HelloResource()
app.add_route('/hello', hello)
if __name__ == '__main__':
   serve(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)

C:\Users\User>curl localhost:8000/hello
Hello World

C:\Users\User>curl -i -H "Content-Type:application/json" -X
POST -d "{"""name""":"""John"""}" http://localhost:8000/hello
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 10
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2022 07:06:20 GMT
Server: waitress
Hello John

add_static_route(self, prefix, directory, downloadable=False,
fallback_filename=None)

add_error_handler(self, exception, handler=None)

import falcon.asgi
app=falcon.asgi.App()

class HelloResource:
   async def on_get(self, req, resp):
      """Handles GET requests"""
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_TEXT
      resp.text = (
         'Hello World'
      )

from waitress import serve
import falcon
import json
class HelloResource:
   def on_get(self, req, resp, nm):
      """Handles GET requests"""
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_TEXT
      resp.text = (
         'Hello '+nm
      )
app = falcon.App()
hello = HelloResource()
app.add_route('/hello/{nm}', hello)
if __name__ == '__main__':
   serve(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)

>http GET localhost:8000/hello/Priya
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 11
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Date: Mon, 18 Apr 2022 12:27:35 GMT
Server: waitress
Hello Priya

IntConverter(num_digits=None, min=None, max=None)

app.add_route('/student/{rollno:int(1,1,100}', StudentResource())

from waitress import serve
import falcon
import json
class HelloResource:
   def on_get(self, req, resp, nm,age):
      """Handles GET requests"""
      retvalue={"name":nm, "age":age}
      resp.body=json.dumps(retvalue)
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_JSON
app = falcon.App()
hello = HelloResource()
app.add_route('/hello/{nm}/{age:int}', hello)
if __name__ == '__main__':
   serve(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)

http GET localhost:8000/hello/Priya/21
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 28
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Fri, 22 Apr 2022 14:22:47 GMT
Server: waitress {
   "age": 21,
   "name": "Priya"
}

<html>
   <body>
      <h2>Hello World</h2>
   </body>
</html>

{% for item in collection %}
HTML block
{% endfor %}

import falcon
import json
from waitress import serve
from jinja2 import Template
students = [
   {"id": 1, "name": "Ravi", "percent": 75.50},
   {"id": 2, "name": "Mona", "percent": 80.00},
   {"id": 3, "name": "Mathews", "percent": 65.25},
]
class StudentResource:
   def on_get(self, req, resp):
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_OK
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_HTML
      fp=open("list.html","r")
      tempobj=Template(fp.read())
      resp.body=tempobj.render({'students':students})

<html>
<body>
<table border=1>
   <thead> <tr>
      <th>Student ID</th> <th>Student Name</th>
      <th>percentage</th>
      <th>Actions</th>
   </tr> </thead>
   <tbody>
   {% for Student in students %}
   <tr> <td>{{ Student.id }}</td> <td>{{ Student.name }}</td>
      <td>{{ Student.percent }}</td>
      <td>
         <a href="#">Edit</a>
         <a href="#">Delete</a>
      </td> </tr>
   {% endfor %}
   </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<body>
   <form method="POST" action="http://localhost:8000/students">
   <p>Student Id: <input type="text" name="id"/> </p>
   <p>student Name: <input type="text" name="name"/> </p>
   <p>Percentage: <input type="text" name="percent"/> </p>
   <p><input type="submit"> </p>
</body>
</html>

app = falcon.App()
app.req_options.auto_parse_form_urlencoded = True

def on_post(self, req, resp):
   student=req.params
   students.append(student)

import falcon
import json
from waitress import serve
from jinja2 import Template
from student import StudentResource
class MyResource:
   def on_get(self, req, resp):
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
      resp.content_type = 'text/html'
      fp=open("myform.html","r")
      tempobj=Template(fp.read())
      resp.body=tempobj.render()
app = falcon.App()
app.req_options.auto_parse_form_urlencoded = True
form = MyResource()
app.add_route('/addnew', form)
app.add_route("/students", StudentResource())
if __name__ == '__main__':
   serve(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)

import falcon
import json
from waitress import serve
from jinja2 import Template
students = [
   {"id": 1, "name": "Ravi", "percent": 75.50},
   {"id": 2, "name": "Mona", "percent": 80.00},
   {"id": 3, "name": "Mathews", "percent": 65.25},
]
class StudentResource:
   def on_get(self, req, resp):
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_OK
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_HTML
      fp=open("list.html","r")
      tempobj=Template(fp.read())
      resp.body=tempobj.render({'students':students})

   def on_post(self, req, resp):
      student = req.params
      students.append(student)
      resp.text = "Student added successfully."
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_OK
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_JSON

<html>
   <body>
      <form action="http://localhost:8000/hello" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
         <h3>Enter User name</h3>
         <p><input type='text' name='name'/></p>
         <h3>Enter address</h3>
         <p><input type='text' name='addr'/></p>
         <p><input type="file" name="file" /></p>
         <p><input type='submit' value='submit'/></p>
      </form>
   </body>
</html>

import waitress
import falcon
import json
from jinja2 import Template
class HelloResource:
   def on_get(self, req, resp):
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_200
      resp.content_type = 'text/html'
      fp=open("index.html","r")
      tempobj=Template(fp.read())
      resp.body=tempobj.render()

   def on_post(self, req, resp):
      result=[]
      for part in req.media:
         data={"name" :part.name,
            "content type":part.content_type,
            "value":part.text, "file":part.filename}
         result.append(data)
         resp.text = json.dumps(result)
         resp.status = falcon.HTTP_OK
         resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_JSON
app = falcon.App()
hello = HelloResource()
app.add_route('/hello', hello)
if __name__ == '__main__':
   waitress.serve(app, host='0.0.0.0', port=8000)

[
   {
      "name": "name",
      "content type": "text/plain",
      "value": "SuyashKumar Khanna",
      "file": null
   },
   {
      "name": "addr",
      "content type": "text/plain",
      "value": "New Delhi",
      "file": null
   },
   {
      "name": "file",
      "content type": "image/png",
      "value": null,
      "file": "hello.png"
   }
]

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.dialects.sqlite import *
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///./test.db"
engine = create_engine(SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL, connect_args =
{"check_same_thread": False})

from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, Session
session = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
Base = declarative_base()

class Students(Base):
   __tablename__ = 'student'
   id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False)
   name = Column(String(63), unique=True)
   marks = Column(Integer)
Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)

import falcon
import json
from waitress import serve
class StudentResource:
   def on_get(self, req, resp):
      pass
   def on_post(self, req, resp):
      pass
   def on_put_student(self, req, resp, id):
      pass
   def on_delete_student(self, req, resp, id):
      pass
app = falcon.App()
app.add_route("/students", StudentResource())
app.add_route("/students/{id:int}", StudentResource(), suffix='student')

def on_post(self, req, resp):
   data = json.load(req.bounded_stream)
   student=Students(id=data['id'], name=data['name'], marks=data['marks'])
   session.add(student)
   session.commit()
   resp.text = "Student added successfully."
   resp.status = falcon.HTTP_OK
   resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_TEXT

rows = session.query(Students).all()

data=[]
for row in rows:
   data.append({"id":row.id, "name":row.name, "marks":row.marks})

def on_get(self, req, resp):
   rows = session.query(Students).all()
   data=[]
   for row in rows:
      data.append({"id":row.id, "name":row.name, "marks":row.marks})
      resp.text = json.dumps(data)
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_OK
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_JSON

student = session.query(Students).filter(Students.id == id).first()

def on_put_student(self, req, resp, id):
   student = session.query(Students).filter(Students.id == id).first()
   data = json.load(req.bounded_stream)
   student.name=data['name']
   student.marks=data['marks']
   session.commit()
   resp.text = "Student updated successfully."
   resp.status = falcon.HTTP_OK
   resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_TEXT

def on_delete_student(self, req, resp, id):
   try:
      session.query(Students).filter(Students.id == id).delete()
      session.commit()
   except Exception as e:
      raise Exception(e)
      resp.text = "deleted successfully"
      resp.status = falcon.HTTP_OK
      resp.content_type = falcon.MEDIA_TEXT

simulate_*(app, route)

from falcon import testing
import myapp
class MyTestCase(testing.TestCase):
   def setUp(self):
      super(MyTestCase, self).setUp()
      self.app = myapp.create()
class TestMyApp(MyTestCase):
   def test_get_message(self):
      doc = {'message': 'Hello world!'}
      result = self.simulate_get('/')
      self.assertEqual(result.json, doc)
if '__name__'=='__main__':
   unittest.main()

python -m unittest test-myapp.py
F
==============================================================
FAIL: test_get_message (test-myapp.TestMyApp)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "E:\falconenv\test-myapp.py", line 17, in test_get_message
   self.assertEqual(result.json, doc)
AssertionError: {'message': 'Hello World'} != {'message':
'Hello world!'}
- {'message': 'Hello World'}
? ^
+ {'message': 'Hello world!'}
? ^ +
--------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.019s
FAILED (failures=1)

pip3 install pytest

from falcon import testing
import pytest
import myapp
@pytest.fixture()
def client():
   return testing.TestClient(myapp.create())
def test_get_message(client):
   doc = {'message': 'Hello world!'}
   result = client.simulate_get('/')
   assert result.json == doc

pytest test-myapp.py –v
=========== test session starts ==========================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.6, pytest-7.1.2, pluggy-1.0.0 --
e:\falconenv\scripts\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: E:\falconenv
plugins: anyio-3.5.0
collected 1 item
test-myapp.py::test_get_message FAILED
[100%]
==================== FAILURES =======================
_____________________________________________________
test_get_message
_____________________________________________________
client = <falcon.testing.client.TestClient object at 0x0000000003EAA6A0>
def test_get_message(client):
   doc = {'message': 'Hello world!'}
   result = client.simulate_get('/')
> assert result.json == doc
E AssertionError: assert {'message': 'Hello World'} ==
{'message': 'Hello world!'}
E Differing items:
E {'message': 'Hello World'} != {'message': 'Hello world!'}
E Full diff:
E - {'message': 'Hello world!'}
E ? ^ -
E + {'message': 'Hello World'}
E ? ^
test-myapp.py:42: AssertionError
============ short test summary info ==================
FAILED test-myapp.py::test_get_message - AssertionError:
assert {'message': 'Hello World'} == {'message': 'Hello
world!'}
============ 1 failed in 4.11s ========================