Python Network Programming 简明教程

Python - Proxy Server

代理服务器用于通过另一台服务器浏览某个网站，以便浏览保持匿名。它还可以用于绕过对特定 IP 地址的阻止。

Proxy servers are used to browse to some website through another server so that the browsing remains anonymous. It can also be used to bypass the blocking of specific IP addresses.

我们使用 urllib 模块中的 urlopen 方法来访问网站，方法是将代理服务器地址作为参数传递。

We use the urlopen method from the urllib module to access the website by passing the proxy server address as a parameter.

Example

以下示例中，我们使用代理地址匿名访问网站 twitter.con。响应状态为 OK，证明通过代理服务器成功访问。

In the below example we use a proxy address to access the website twitter.con for anonymous access. The response status of OK proves the successful access through a proxy server.

import urllib
URL = 'https://www.twitter.com'
PROXY_ADDRESS = "265.24.11.6:8080"
if __name__ == '__main__':
    resp = urllib.urlopen(URL, proxies = {"http" : PROXY_ADDRESS})
print "Proxy server returns response headers: %s " %resp.headers

当我们运行以上程序时，我们得到以下输出：

When we run the above program, we get the following output −

Proxy server returns response headers: cache-control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate, pre-check=0, post-check=0
content-length: 145960
content-type: text/html;charset=utf-8
date: Mon, 02 Jul 2018 02:06:19 GMT
expires: Tue, 31 Mar 1981 05:00:00 GMT
last-modified: Mon, 02 Jul 2018 02:06:19 GMT
pragma: no-cache
server: tsa_n
set-cookie: fm=0; Expires=Mon, 02 Jul 2018 02:06:10 GMT; Path=/; Domain=.twitter.com; Secure; HTTPOnly
set-cookie: _twitter_sess=BAh7CSIKZmxhc2hJQzonQWN0aW9uQ29udHJvbGxlcjo6Rmxhc2g6OkZsYXNo%250ASGFzaHsABjoKQHVzZWR7ADoPY3JlYXRlZF9hdGwrCAifvVhkAToMY3NyZl9p%250AZCIlNzlhY2ZhMzdmNGFkYTU0ZTRmMDkxODRhNWNiYzI0MDI6B2lkIiUyZTgy%250AOTAyYjY4NTBkMzE3YzNjYTQwNzZjZDhhYjZhMQ%253D%253D--6807256d74a01129a7b0dcf383f56f169fb8a66c; Path=/; Domain=.twitter.com; Secure; HTTPOnly
set-cookie: personalization_id="v1_iDacJdPWUx3e81f8UErWTA=="; Expires=Wed, 01 Jul 2020 02:06:19 GMT; Path=/; Domain=.twitter.com
set-cookie: guest_id=v1%3A153049717939764273; Expires=Wed, 01 Jul 2020 02:06:19 GMT; Path=/; Domain=.twitter.com
set-cookie: ct0=50c8b59b09322825cd750ea082e43bdc; Expires=Mon, 02 Jul 2018 08:06:19 GMT; Path=/; Domain=.twitter.com; Secure
status: 200 OK
strict-transport-security: max-age=631138519
x-connection-hash: 89dfbab81abc35dd8f618509c6171bd3
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
x-response-time: 312
x-transaction: 007b998000f86eaf
x-twitter-response-tags: BouncerCompliant
x-ua-compatible: IE=edge,chrome=1
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block; report=https://twitter.com/i/xss_report