R 简明教程

R - Arrays

数组是 R 数据对象，它可以在两个以上维度中存储数据。例如，如果我们创建一个维度为 (2, 3, 4) 的数组，则会创建 4 个矩形矩阵，每个矩阵有 2 行和 3 列。数组只能存储数据类型。

使用 array() 函数创建数组。它将向量作为输入，并使用 dim 参数中的值来创建数组。

Example

以下示例创建了两个 3x3 矩阵的数组，每个矩阵有 3 行和 3 列。

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)

# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
print(result)

当我们执行上述代码时，会产生以下结果 -

, , 1

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    5   10   13
[2,]    9   11   14
[3,]    3   12   15

, , 2

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    5   10   13
[2,]    9   11   14
[3,]    3   12   15

Naming Columns and Rows

我们可以使用 dimnames 参数为数组中的行、列和矩阵命名。

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3")
row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3")
matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2")

# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,column.names,
   matrix.names))
print(result)

当我们执行上述代码时，会产生以下结果 -

, , Matrix1

     COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1    5   10   13
ROW2    9   11   14
ROW3    3   12   15

, , Matrix2

     COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1    5   10   13
ROW2    9   11   14
ROW3    3   12   15

Accessing Array Elements

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)
column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3")
row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3")
matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2")

# Take these vectors as input to the array.
result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(row.names,
   column.names, matrix.names))

# Print the third row of the second matrix of the array.
print(result[3,,2])

# Print the element in the 1st row and 3rd column of the 1st matrix.
print(result[1,3,1])

# Print the 2nd Matrix.
print(result[,,2])

当我们执行上述代码时，会产生以下结果 -

COL1 COL2 COL3
   3   12   15
[1] 13
     COL1 COL2 COL3
ROW1    5   10   13
ROW2    9   11   14
ROW3    3   12   15

Manipulating Array Elements

由于数组是由多维矩阵组成的，因此对数组元素的操作是通过访问矩阵的元素来执行的。

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)

# Take these vectors as input to the array.
array1 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector3 <- c(9,1,0)
vector4 <- c(6,0,11,3,14,1,2,6,9)
array2 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))

# create matrices from these arrays.
matrix1 <- array1[,,2]
matrix2 <- array2[,,2]

# Add the matrices.
result <- matrix1+matrix2
print(result)

当我们执行上述代码时，会产生以下结果 -

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]   10   20   26
[2,]   18   22   28
[3,]    6   24   30

Calculations Across Array Elements

我们可以使用 apply() 函数对数组中的元素进行计算。

Syntax

apply(x, margin, fun)

以下是所用参数的描述 -

  1. x is an array.

  2. margin 是所用数据集的名称。

  3. fun 是要在数组元素上应用的函数。

Example

我们在下面使用 apply() 函数来计算跨所有矩阵的数组行中的元素的总和。

# Create two vectors of different lengths.
vector1 <- c(5,9,3)
vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15)

# Take these vectors as input to the array.
new.array <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim = c(3,3,2))
print(new.array)

# Use apply to calculate the sum of the rows across all the matrices.
result <- apply(new.array, c(1), sum)
print(result)

当我们执行上述代码时，会产生以下结果 -

, , 1

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    5   10   13
[2,]    9   11   14
[3,]    3   12   15

, , 2

     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    5   10   13
[2,]    9   11   14
[3,]    3   12   15

[1] 56 68 60