R 简明教程

R - Overview

R 是一种编程语言和软件环境，用于统计分析、图形表示和报告。R 由新西兰奥克兰大学的罗斯·伊哈卡和罗伯特·詹特尔曼创建，目前由 R 核心开发团队开发。

R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting. R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team.

R 的核心是一种解释型计算机语言，它允许分支和循环，以及使用函数进行模块化编程。R 允许与 C、C++、.Net、Python 或 FORTRAN 语言编写的过程集成以提高效率。

The core of R is an interpreted computer language which allows branching and looping as well as modular programming using functions. R allows integration with the procedures written in the C, C++, .Net, Python or FORTRAN languages for efficiency.

R 可以根据 GNU 通用公共许可证免费使用，并且为各种操作系统（例如 Linux、Windows 和 Mac）提供了预编译的二进制版本。

R is freely available under the GNU General Public License, and pre-compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems like Linux, Windows and Mac.

R 是根据 GNU 风格的 copy left 分发的免费软件，并且是 GNU 项目的官方部分，称为 GNU S 。

R is free software distributed under a GNU-style copy left, and an official part of the GNU project called GNU S.

Evolution of R

R 最初是由奥克兰大学新西兰奥克兰的统计学系 Ross Ihaka 和 Robert Gentleman 编写。R 最初出现在 1993 年。

R was initially written by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the Department of Statistics of the University of Auckland in Auckland, New Zealand. R made its first appearance in 1993.

  1. A large group of individuals has contributed to R by sending code and bug reports.

  2. Since mid-1997 there has been a core group (the "R Core Team") who can modify the R source code archive.

Features of R

如前所述，R 是一种编程语言和软件环境，用于统计分析、图形表示和报告。以下是 R 的重要特性−

As stated earlier, R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting. The following are the important features of R −

  1. R is a well-developed, simple and effective programming language which includes conditionals, loops, user defined recursive functions and input and output facilities.

  2. R has an effective data handling and storage facility,

  3. R provides a suite of operators for calculations on arrays, lists, vectors and matrices.

  4. R provides a large, coherent and integrated collection of tools for data analysis.

  5. R provides graphical facilities for data analysis and display either directly at the computer or printing at the papers.

总而言之，R 是世界上使用最广泛的统计编程语言。它是数据科学家的头号选择，并且得到一群充满活力和才华的贡献者的支持。R 在大学中教授，并在关键任务业务应用程序中部署。本教程将通过简单且容易的步骤教您 R 编程以及合适的示例。

As a conclusion, R is world’s most widely used statistics programming language. It’s the # 1 choice of data scientists and supported by a vibrant and talented community of contributors. R is taught in universities and deployed in mission critical business applications. This tutorial will teach you R programming along with suitable examples in simple and easy steps.