Requests 简明教程
Requests - SSL Certification
SSL证书是安全网址附带的一项安全功能。当您使用 Requests 库时,它也会验证给定 https 网址的 SSL 证书。SSL 验证在 requests 模块中默认启用,如果证书不存在,则会引发错误。
Working with secure URL
以下是使用安全 URL 的示例 −
import requests
getdata = requests.get(https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users)
print(getdata.text)
Output
E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
[
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Leanne Graham",
"username": "Bret",
"email": "Sincere@april.biz",
"address": {
"street": "Kulas Light",
"suite": "Apt. 556",
"city": "Gwenborough",
"zipcode": "92998-3874",
"geo": {
"lat": "-37.3159",
"lng": "81.1496"
}
},
"phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",
"website": "hildegard.org",
"company": {
"name": "Romaguera-Crona",
"catchPhrase": "Multi-layered client-server neural-net",
"bs": "harness real-time e-markets"
}
}
]
我们很容易从上述 https 网址获取响应,这是因为 request 模块可以验证 SSL 证书。
您可以通过在示例中所示的方式简单添加 verify=False 来禁用 SSL 验证。
Example
import requests
getdata =
requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users', verify=False)
print(getdata.text)
您将获得输出,但它还会给出一条警告消息,即 SSL 证书尚未得到验证,建议添加证书验证。
Output
E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
connectionpool.py:851: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is
being made. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See:
https://urllib3
.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.htm l#ssl-warnings
InsecureRequestWarning)
[
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Leanne Graham",
"username": "Bret",
"email": "Sincere@april.biz",
"address": {
"street": "Kulas Light",
"suite": "Apt. 556",
"city": "Gwenborough",
"zipcode": "92998-3874",
"geo": {
"lat": "-37.3159",
"lng": "81.1496"
}
},
"phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",
"website": "hildegard.org",
"company": {
"name": "Romaguera-Crona",
"catchPhrase": "Multi-layered client-server neural-net",
"bs": "harness real-time e-markets"
}
}
]
您还可以通过在自己这边托管 SSL 证书并使用 verify 参数给出路径来验证 SSL 证书,如下所示。
Example
import requests
getdata =
requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users', verify='C:\Users\AppData\Local\certificate.txt')
print(getdata.text)
Output
E:\prequests>python makeRequest.py
[
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Leanne Graham",
"username": "Bret",
"email": "Sincere@april.biz",
"address": {
"street": "Kulas Light",
"suite": "Apt. 556",
"city": "Gwenborough",
"zipcode": "92998-3874",
"geo": {
"lat": "-37.3159",
"lng": "81.1496"
}
},
"phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",
"website": "hildegard.org",
"company": {
"name": "Romaguera-Crona",
"catchPhrase": "Multi-layered client-server neural-net",
"bs": "harness real-time e-markets"
}
}
]