Selenium 简明教程
Selenium - Alternatives
Selenium 主要用于自动化测试来验证基于 Web 的应用程序。它是免费且开放源代码的,在市场上非常流行。它具有跨浏览器和多个平台进行测试的能力。除此之外,它还可以广泛用于回归测试和功能测试。
Selenium is mostly used to automate tests to validate a web based application. It is free and open source, and quite popular in the market. It has the ability to carry on testing on cross-browsers and on multiple platforms. In addition to that, it can be widely used for regression testing and functional testing as well.
Why do we need alternatives to Selenium?
尽管 Selenium 在测试领域被广泛使用,但它有一些缺点,并且市场上已有 Selenium 的多种替代品,其中许多也属于免费和开放源代码工具的范畴。
Though Selenium is being widely used in the testing world, it has few shortcomings and there are multiple alternatives to Selenium already available in the market, many of which also fall in the category of free and open source tools.
让我们现在讨论 Selenium 的一些替代方案 −
Let us discuss few alternatives to Selenium now −
Protractor
它是一个测试框架,专为基于 Angular 和 AngularJS 的应用程序的端到端测试而开发。它可以与 Cucumber、Jasmine 和 Mocha 集成。它是由 Google 在 Selenium WebDriver 的基础上开发的。除了测试 AngularJS 应用程序之外,它还可用于为 Web 应用程序创建自动回归测试脚本。它让我们能够像实时用户一样验证我们的应用程序,因为它在实际浏览器上执行测试。有关 Protractor 的更详细视图,请参阅以下链接 −
It is a test framework developed for end-to-end testing of applications built on Angular and AngularJS. It can be integrated with Cucumber, Jasmine, and Mocha. It was developed by Google on the top of Selenium WebDriver. In addition to testing AngularJS applications, it can also be utilized for creating automated regression test scripts for web applications. It gives us the provision to verify our application just like a real time user as it executes the test on the actual browser. Please refer to the below link for a more detailed view on Protractor −
让我们看看 Protractor 在过去一年中的最新下载 −
Let us see the latest downloads on Protractor for the last one year −
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TestCraft
这是一款无线工具,可以用它来转换手动测试用例为 Selenium 脚本,无需编码。这款工具以人工智能和可视化建模为驱动,事实证明 TestCraft 的使用在很大程度上降低了测试维护成本。请参阅下面提供的 TestCraft 详细视图 −
It is a cordless tool which can be used to convert manual test cases into Selenium scripts without coding efforts. This tool is driven by artificial intelligence and visual modeling, and it is seen that usage of TestCraft has reduced test maintenance cost to a large extent. Please refer to the below for detailed view on TestCraft −
Lemonce Editor
这款工具可以用来为 Web 应用程序自动化回归和功能测试。它有一个功能强大的记录和回放功能。此外,这款工具要求最少的编码来进行自动化,可以作为 Selenium 的不错替代品,用来实现跨浏览器测试。
This tool can be used to automate regression and functional testing on web applications. It has a very powerful record and playback feature. Besides, this tool requires minimal coding with respect to automation and can be a good alternative to Selenium while achieving cross browser testing.
请参阅以下链接,获取 TestCraft 的更详细视图 −
Please refer to the below link for a more detailed view on TestCraft −
Cucumber
这可作为团队中每个人的一种广泛使用工具,每一位个体(不需要技术或编码知识)都可以为实现优质产品做出贡献。它与几乎所有流行的编程语言兼容。它有能力支持行为驱动开发(BDD)框架。它利用简单的英语文本来展示应用程序的功能,称为 Gherkin。请参阅以下链接获取有关 Cucumber 和 Gherkin 的更详细视图 −
This tool can be used widely by everyone in a team, where every individual (not requiring technical or coding knowledge) can contribute towards achieving a quality product. It is available with almost all popular programming languages. It has the capability to support a Behavior Driven Development (BDD) framework. It demonstrates the features of an application taking the help of simple English text, called Gherkin. Please refer to the below links for a more detailed view on Cucumber and Gherkin −
CasperJS
这款工具基于 Javascript 构建。它有能力验证页面状态,导航、网站抓取、网络流量和更轻松的代码管理。在 CasperJS 上构建的测试比 Selenium 测试快。请参阅以下链接获取有关 CasperJS 的更详细视图 −
This tool is built on Javascript. It has the ability to verify status of page, navigation, website scraping, network traffic, and easier code management. The tests built on CasperJS are quicker than Selenium tests. Please refer to the below link for a more detailed view on CasperJS −
我们在过去一年中看到了 CasperJS 的最新下载量 −
Let us see the latest downloads on CasperJS for the last one year −
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Playwright
此工具由 Microsoft 提供。它普遍用于跨浏览器测试(WebKit、Chrome 和 Firefox),和浏览器上进行的操作。就速度和性能而言,Playwright 优于 Selenium。在使用 Playwright 之前,必须在系统中安装 NodeJS。请参阅以下链接获取有关 Playwright 的更详细视图 −
This tool is provided by Microsoft. It is popularly used for cross browser testing(WebKit, Chrome, and Firefox) and operations carried on browsers. Playwright is superior to Selenium with respect to its speed and performance. NodeJS must be installed in the system prior to the usage of Playwright. Please refer to the below links for a more detailed view on Playwright −
我们在过去一年中看到了 Playwright 的最新下载量 −
Let us see the latest downloads on Playwright for the last one year −
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Cypress
它是一个开源免费的测试自动化工具,可以用作 Selenium 的替代品。它主要用于前端和 API 测试自动化。它是一个基于 JavaScript 的框架,可以与 Mocha 和 Chai 搭配工作。利用此工具编写的测试脚本在服务器 Node.js 上执行。请参阅以下链接获取有关 Cypress 的更详细视图 −
It is an open-source and free test automation tool, which can be used extensively as an alternative to Selenium . It is mainly used for front end and API test automation. It is a Javascript based framework which can work in association with Mocha and Chai. The test scripts written with this tool executes on the server - Node.js. Please refer to the below link for a more detailed view on Cypress −
我们在过去一年中看到了 Cypress 的最新下载量 −
Let us see the latest downloads on Cypress for the last one year −
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Robot Framework
它是一个用于验收测试和验收测试驱动的开发的开源测试自动化框架。它遵循多种测试用例格式——关键字驱动、行为驱动和数据驱动来编写测试用例。此功能使其非常容易理解。测试用例采用关键字样式在表格中编写。Robot Framework 很好的支持开源外部库,可以用于自动化。与 Robot Framework 一起使用的最流行的库是 Selenium Library(它用于 Web 开发和 UI 测试)。请参阅以下链接获取有关 Robot Framework 的更详细视图 −
It is an open source test automation framework used for acceptance testing and acceptance test-driven development. It follows multiple test case forms – keyword-driven, behavior-driven and data-driven for writing test cases. This feature makes it very easy to understand. Test cases are written using keyword style in a tabular format. Robot Framework provides good support for external libraries, tools that are open source and can be used for automation. The most popular library used with Robot Framework is Selenium Library (which is used for web development and UI testing). Please refer to the below link for a more detailed view on Robot Framework −
Katalon Studio
此工具基于 Appium 和 Selenium,可用于验证移动、Web 和 Rest API。它可以与 Jenkins、JIRA 等测试管理工具以及 GIT 等源代码管理工具集成。此工具能够发送有关测试报告的自定义电子邮件(各种形式,如 excel、pdf 等),并提供仪表板以展示图表和指标(展示测试执行报告)。请参阅以下链接以详细了解 Katalon Studio −
This tool which is based on Appium and Selenium can be used to validate mobile, web, and Rest APIs. It can be integrated with Jenkins, test management tools like JIRA, and source code management tools like GIT. This tool has the capability to send customized email on test reports(on various forms like excel, pdf, and so on) along with a dashboard to feature graphs and metrics(demonstrating test execution reports). Please refer to the below link for a more detailed view on Katalon Studio −
因此,我们看到尽管 Selenium 在测试社区中非常流行,但此工具还有其他几个可用于我们测试活动的替代方案。以上讨论的所有工具都有其各自的优点和缺点。
Thus we see that in spite of the huge popularity of Selenium in the testing community, there are several alternatives to this tool, which can be adopted in our testing activity. All the tools discussed above come with its own set of advantages and disadvantages.
但是,其中一些工具可与 Selenium 结合使用,以使测试流程更加高效和最优。重要的是,在进行或制定测试流程时,选择正确的工具或工具组合。执行此任务时应考虑的参数主要取决于下列项目−
However, some of them can be used in association with Selenium to make the testing process more efficient and optimal. The importance lies in the fact that a right choice of a tool or combination of tools is made while we are taking up or formalizing a testing process. The parameters that should be considered while performing this task mainly depend on the below items −
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What type of product do we have for testing?
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How much are we going to cover in our testing?
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What are the timelines for testing the product?
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Are we leveraging an existing test suite?
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What is the bandwidth, strengths, and weaknesses of the team?
在本教程中,我们讨论了各种 Selenium 替代方案。
In this tutorial, we have discussed various Selenium Alternatives.