Selenium 简明教程

Selenium Webdriver - Copy and Paste

在使用 Selenium Webdriver 开发的测试脚本中,可以自动执行复制和粘贴操作。在测试应用程序时,我们经常从一个编辑框中复制文本并将其粘贴到另一个编辑框中。

可以使用 Selenium 中的 Keys 类执行复制和粘贴操作。用于复制和粘贴的键可以分别使用 Ctrl + CCtrl + V 完成。这些待按下的键作为参数发送给 sendKeys() 方法。

我们现在讨论一下 Web 页面上要执行复制和粘贴操作的元素的标识,如下面的图片所示。首先,我们需要右击 Web 页面,然后在 Chrome 浏览器中单击“检查”按钮。然后,将看到整个页面的相应 HTML 代码。为了调查该网页上的源元素和目标元素,我们需要单击显示在可见 HTML 代码上方的左上箭头,如下所示。

selenium copy 1

我们以以下页面为例,首先在第一个输入框中输入 Selenium 旁边的文本(突出显示),然后将相同文本复制并粘贴到 Email 旁边的另一个输入框中(突出显示)。

selenium copy 2

Syntax

如果我们使用 MAC 机器,则语法为 −

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Identify the first input box with xpath locator
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// enter some text
e.sendKeys("Selenium");

// Identify the second input box with xpath locator
WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// copy text from first input box then paste to second input box
e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "a");
e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "c");

// paste to second input box
s.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "v");

如果我们使用 Windows 机器,则语法为 −

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Identify the first input box with xpath locator
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// enter some text
e.sendKeys("Selenium");

// Identify the second input box with xpath locator
WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// copy text from first input box then paste to second input box
e.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "a");
e.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "c");

// paste to second input box
s.sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL, "v");

Example

CopyAndPaste.java 类文件中的代码实现。

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class CopyAndPaste {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage where we will identify an element
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php");

      // Identify the first input box with xpath locator
      WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='name']"));

      // enter some text
      e.sendKeys("Selenium");

      // Identify the second input box with xpath locator
      WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='email']"));

      // copy text from first input box then paste to second input box
      e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "a");
      e.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "c");

      // paste to second input box
      s.sendKeys(Keys.COMMAND, "v");

      // Getting text in the second input box
      String text = s.getAttribute("value");
      System.out.println("Value copied and pasted: " + text);

      // Closing browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Value copied and pasted: Selenium

Process finished with exit code 0

在以上示例中,我们首先在第一个输入框中输入文本 Selenium ,然后将文本复制并粘贴到第二个输入框中,并且还在控制台中获得了输入的文本作为消息 - Value copied and pasted: Selenium

最后,收到了消息 Process finished with exit code 0 ,表示代码成功执行。

我们再看另一个例子,其中我们将再次首先在输入框中输入文本,然后使用 Actions 类的 keyUp() keyDown()sendKeys() 方法将相同的文本复制并粘贴到另一个输入框中。所有这些方法都将要按下的键作为参数。

Syntax

如果我们使用 MAC 机器,则语法为 −

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Identify the first input box with xpath locator
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// enter some text
e.sendKeys("Selenium");

// Identify the second input box with xpath locator
WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// Actions class methods to select text
Actions a = new Actions(driver);
a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
a.sendKeys("a");
a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
a.build().perform();

// Actions class methods to copy text
a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
a.sendKeys("c");
a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
a.build().perform();

// Action class methods to tab and reach to  the next input box
a.sendKeys(Keys.TAB);
a.build().perform();

// Actions class methods to paste text
a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
a.sendKeys("v");
a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
a.build().perform();

如果我们使用 Windows 机器,则语法为 −

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Identify the first input box with xpath locator
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// enter some text
e.sendKeys("Selenium");

// Identify the second input box with xpath locator
WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("<value of xpath>"));

// Actions class methods to select text
Actions a = new Actions(driver);
a.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL);
a.sendKeys("a");
a.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL);
a.build().perform();

// Actions class methods to copy text
a.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL);
a.sendKeys("c");
a.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL);
a.build().perform();

// Action class methods to tab and reach to next input box
a.sendKeys(Keys.TAB);
a.build().perform();

// Actions class methods to paste text
a.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL);
a.sendKeys("v");
a.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL);
a.build().perform();

Example

CopyAndPasteActions.java 类文件中的代码实现。

package org.example;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class CopyAndPasteAct {
   public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

      // Initiate the Webdriver
      WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

      // adding implicit wait of 15 secs
      driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // Opening the webpage where we will identify an element
      driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/selenium/practice/selenium_automation_practice.php");

      // Identify the first input box with xpath locator
      WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='name']"));

      // enter some text
      e.sendKeys("Selenium");

      // Actions class methods to select text
      Actions a = new Actions(driver);
      a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.sendKeys("a");
      a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.build().perform();

      // Actions class methods to copy text
      a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.sendKeys("c");
      a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.build().perform();

      // Action class methods to tab and reach to next input box
      a.sendKeys(Keys.TAB);
      a.build().perform();

      // Actions class methods to paste text
      a.keyDown(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.sendKeys("v");
      a.keyUp(Keys.COMMAND);
      a.build().perform();

      // Identify the second input box with xpath locator
      WebElement s = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='email']"));

      // Getting text in the second input box
      String text = s.getAttribute("value");
      System.out.println("Value copied and pasted: " + text);

      // Closing browser
      driver.quit();
   }
}

Output

Value copied and pasted: Selenium

Process finished with exit code 0

在以上示例中,我们首先在第一个输入框中输入文本 Selenium ,然后将文本复制并粘贴到第二个输入框中,并且还在控制台中获得了输入的文本作为消息 - Value copied and pasted: Selenium

最后,收到了消息 Process finished with exit code 0 ,表示代码成功执行。

因此,在本教程中,我们讨论了如何使用 Selenium Webdriver 处理复制和粘贴操作。