Spring Orm 简明教程

Spring ORM - Environment Setup

本章将在您开始使用 Spring 框架时，指导您如何准备开发环境。它还将教您在设置 Spring 框架之前如何在您的机器上设置 JDK、Maven 和 Eclipse −

This chapter will guide you on how to prepare a development environment to start your work with Spring Framework. It will also teach you how to set up JDK, Maven and Eclipse on your machine before you set up Spring Framework −

Setup Java Development Kit (JDK)

你可以从 Oracle 的 Java 站点下载 SDK 的最新版本 − Java SE Downloads. 你在下载文件中可以找到安装 JDK 的说明，按照给定的说明进行安装和配置。最后设置 PATH 和 JAVA_HOME 环境变量以引用包含 java 和 javac 的目录，通常分别为 java_install_dir/bin 和 java_install_dir。

You can download the latest version of SDK from Oracle’s Java site − Java SE Downloads. You will find instructions for installing JDK in downloaded files, follow the given instructions to install and configure the setup. Finally set PATH and JAVA_HOME environment variables to refer to the directory that contains java and javac, typically java_install_dir/bin and java_install_dir respectively.

如果您运行的是 Windows 且在 C:\jdk-11.0.11 中安装了 JDK，那么您将不得不把以下代码行放入您的 C:\autoexec.bat 文件中。

If you are running Windows and have installed the JDK in C:\jdk-11.0.11, you would have to put the following line in your C:\autoexec.bat file.

set PATH=C:\jdk-11.0.11;%PATH%
set JAVA_HOME=C:\jdk-11.0.11

或者，在 Windows NT/2000/XP 中，你必须右键单击我的电脑，选择属性 → 高级 → 环境变量。然后，你将不得不更新 PATH 值并单击确定按钮。

Alternatively, on Windows NT/2000/XP, you will have to right-click on My Computer, select Properties → Advanced → Environment Variables. Then, you will have to update the PATH value and click the OK button.

在 Unix（Solaris、Linux 等）中，如果 SDK 安装在 /usr/local/jdk-11.0.11 且您使用 C shell，那么您将不得不把以下代码行放入您的 .cshrc 文件中。

On Unix (Solaris, Linux, etc.), if the SDK is installed in /usr/local/jdk-11.0.11 and you use the C shell, you will have to put the following into your .cshrc file.

setenv PATH /usr/local/jdk-11.0.11/bin:$PATH
setenv JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk-11.0.11

或者，如果你使用诸如 Borland JBuilder、Eclipse、IntelliJ IDEA 或 Sun ONE Studio 这样的集成开发环境 (IDE)，则必须编译并运行一个简单程序来确认 IDE 知道你在何处安装了 Java。否则，你必须按照 IDE 文档中给出的内容执行正确的设置。

Alternatively, if you use an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like Borland JBuilder, Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, or Sun ONE Studio, you will have to compile and run a simple program to confirm that the IDE knows where you have installed Java. Otherwise, you will have to carry out a proper setup as given in the document of the IDE.

Setup Eclipse IDE

本教程中的所有示例都是使用 Eclipse IDE 编写的。因此，我们建议你应该在你机器上安装 Eclipse 的最新版本。

All the examples in this tutorial have been written using Eclipse IDE. So we would suggest you should have the latest version of Eclipse installed on your machine.

要安装 Eclipse IDE，请从 www.eclipse.org/downloads/ 下载最新的 Eclipse 二进制文件。下载安装文件后，将二进制分发解压缩到合适的目录中。例如，在 Windows 中的 C:\eclipse 或 Linux/Unix 中的 /usr/local/eclipse 中，最后适当设置 PATH 变量。

To install Eclipse IDE, download the latest Eclipse binaries from www.eclipse.org/downloads/. Once you download the installation, unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location. For example, in C:\eclipse on Windows, or /usr/local/eclipse on Linux/Unix and finally set PATH variable appropriately.

可以通过在 Windows 机器上执行以下命令启动 Eclipse，或者你只需双击 eclipse.exe

Eclipse can be started by executing the following commands on Windows machine, or you can simply double-click on eclipse.exe

%C:\eclipse\eclipse.exe

可以通过在 Unix（Solaris、Linux 等）机器上执行以下命令启动 Eclipse −

Eclipse can be started by executing the following commands on Unix (Solaris, Linux, etc.) machine −

$/usr/local/eclipse/eclipse

成功启动后，如果一切正常，它应该显示以下结果 −

After a successful startup, if everything is fine then it should display the following result −

eclipsehomepage

Install MySQL Database

当然，您将需要最重要的实际运行数据库，其中包含您可以查询和修改的表。

The most important thing you will need, of course is an actual running database with a table that you can query and modify.

  1. MySQL DB − MySQL is an open source database. You can download it from MySQL Official Site. We recommend downloading the full Windows installation. In addition, download and install MySQL Administrator as well as MySQL Query Browser. These are GUI based tools that will make your development much easier. Finally, download and unzip MySQL Connector/J (the MySQL JDBC driver) in a convenient directory. For the purpose of this tutorial we will assume that you have installed the driver at C:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-connector-java-5.1.8. Accordingly, set CLASSPATH variable to C:\Program Files\MySQL\mysql-connector-java-5.1.8\mysql-connector-java-5.1.8-bin.jar. Your driver version may vary based on your installation.

Set Database Credential

当我们安装 MySQL 数据库时，它的管理员 ID 设置为 root ，并提供设置密码的选项。

When we install MySQL database, its administrator ID is set to root and it gives provision to set a password of your choice.

使用 root ID 和密码，您可以创建另一个用户 ID 和密码，也可以为您的 JDBC 应用程序使用 root ID 和密码。

Using root ID and password you can either create another user ID and password, or you can use root ID and password for your JDBC application.

有各种数据库操作，例如数据库创建和删除，这需要管理员 ID 和密码。

There are various database operations like database creation and deletion, which would need administrator ID and password.

如果您没有足够权限创建新用户，那么您可以请求数据库管理员 (DBA) 为您创建用户 ID 和密码。

If you do not have sufficient privilege to create new users, then you can ask your Database Administrator (DBA) to create a user ID and password for you.

Create Database

要创建 TUTORIALSPOINT 数据库，请执行以下步骤 −

To create the TUTORIALSPOINT database, use the following steps −

Step 1

打开 Command Prompt 并更改到安装目录，如下所示 −

Open a Command Prompt and change to the installation directory as follows −

C:\>
C:\>cd Program Files\MySQL\bin
C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>

Note − mysqld.exe 的路径可能因系统上 MySQL 的安装位置而异。您还可以查看有关如何启动和停止数据库服务器的文档。

Note − The path to mysqld.exe may vary depending on the install location of MySQL on your system. You can also check documentation on how to start and stop your database server.

Step 2

如果数据库服务器尚未运行，请执行以下命令以下启动数据库服务器。

Start the database server by executing the following command, if it is already not running.

C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>mysqld
C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>

Step 3

通过执行以下命令创建 TUTORIALSPOINT 数据库 −

Create the TUTORIALSPOINT database by executing the following command −

C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin> create database TUTORIALSPOINT;

Note − mysqld.exe 的路径可能因系统上 MySQL 的安装位置而异。您还可以查看有关如何启动和停止数据库服务器的文档。

Note − The path to mysqld.exe may vary depending on the install location of MySQL on your system. You can also check documentation on how to start and stop your database server.

要全面了解 MySQL 数据库，请学习 MySQL Tutorial 。

For a complete understanding on MySQL database, study the MySQL Tutorial.

Set Maven

在本教程中，我们使用 maven 来运行和构建基于 Spring 的示例。请按照 Maven - Environment Setup 安装 maven。

In this tutorial, we are using maven to run and build the spring based examples. Follow the Maven - Environment Setup to install maven.