Springaop 简明教程

Spring AOP - XML Based Application

在本章中，我们将使用 Spring AOP 框架编写实际的 AOP 应用程序。在开始使用 Spring-WS 框架编写第一个示例之前，您必须确保已按照 Spring Web Services - Environment Setup 章节中的说明正确设置 Spring AOP 环境。

In this chapter, we will write actual AOP applications using Spring AOP Framework. Before you start writing your first example using Spring-WS framework, you have to make sure that you have set up your Spring AOP environment properly as explained in Spring Web Services - Environment Setup chapter.

现在，继续编写一个简单的基于控制台的 Spring AOP 应用程序，该应用程序将演示 AOP 概念。

Now, proceed to write a simple console-ased Spring AOP Application, which will demonstrate AOP concepts.

Create a Project

Step 1 − 打开命令控制台，转到 C:\MVN 目录并执行以下 mvn 命令。

Step 1 − Open a command console, go the C:\MVN directory and execute the following mvn command.

C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.tutorialspoint
-DartifactId=Student -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart
-DinteractiveMode=false

Maven 将开始处理并将创建完整的 Java 应用程序项目结构。

Maven will start processing and will create the complete Java application project structure.

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------< org.apache.maven:standalone-pom >-------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1
[INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.0:generate (default-cli) > generate-sources @ standalone-pom >>>
[INFO]
[INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.0:generate (default-cli) < generate-sources @ standalone-pom <<<
[INFO]
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.0:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom ---
[INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.tutorialspoint
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.tutorialspoint
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: Student
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.tutorialspoint
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\Student
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  13.388 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-12-27T20:18:26+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Step 2 − 转到 C:/MVN 目录。您将看到一个 Java 应用程序项目已创建，名为 student（如 artifactId 中指定）。更新 POM.xml 以包括 Spring-AOP 依赖项。添加 MainApp.java、Student.java 和 Logging.java 文件。

Step 2 − Go to C:/MVN directory. You’ll see a Java application project created, named student (as specified in artifactId). Update the POM.xml to include Spring-AOP dependencies. Add MainApp.java, Student.java, and Logging.java files.

POM.xml

<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId>
   <artifactId>Student</artifactId>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Student</name>
   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
      <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>junit</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
         <version>4.11</version>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
         <version>5.3.14</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
         <version>5.3.14</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
         <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
         <version>1.9.7</version>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

以下是 Logging.java 文件的内容。

Following is the content of the Logging.java file.

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class Logging {
   /**
      * This is the method which I would like to execute
      * before a selected method execution.
   */
   public void beforeAdvice() {
      System.out.println("Going to setup student profile.");
   }
   /**
      * This is the method which I would like to execute
      * after a selected method execution.
   */
   public void afterAdvice() {
      System.out.println("Student profile has been setup.");
   }
   /**
      * This is the method which I would like to execute
      * when any method returns.
   */
   public void afterReturningAdvice(Object retVal){
      System.out.println("Returning:" + retVal.toString() );
   }
   /**
      * This is the method which I would like to execute
      * if there is an exception raised.
   */
   public void AfterThrowingAdvice(IllegalArgumentException ex) {
      System.out.println("There has been an exception: " + ex.toString());
   }
}

以下是 Student.java 文件的内容。

Following is the content of the Student.java file.

package com.tutorialspoint;

public class Student {
   private Integer age;
   private String name;

   public void setAge(Integer age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   public Integer getAge() {
      System.out.println("Age : " + age );
      return age;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public String getName() {
      System.out.println("Name : " + name );
      return name;
   }
   public void printThrowException(){
      System.out.println("Exception raised");
      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
   }
}

以下是 MainApp.java 文件的内容。

Following is the content of the MainApp.java file.

package com.tutorialspoint;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");

      Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
      student.getName();
      student.getAge();
      student.printThrowException();
   }
}

Step 3 − 在 src > main > resources 文件夹下添加 Beans.xml 配置文件。

Step 3 − Add the configuration file Beans.xml under src > main > resources folder.

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd ">

   <aop:config>
      <aop:aspect id = "log" ref = "logging">
         <aop:pointcut id = "selectAll"
            expression = "execution(* com.tutorialspoint.*.*(..))"/>
         <aop:before pointcut-ref = "selectAll" method = "beforeAdvice"/>
         <aop:after pointcut-ref = "selectAll" method = "afterAdvice"/>
         <aop:after-returning pointcut-ref = "selectAll"
            returning = "retVal"
            method = "afterReturningAdvice"/>
         <aop:after-throwing pointcut-ref = "selectAll"
            throwing = "ex"
            method = "AfterThrowingAdvice"/>
      </aop:aspect>
   </aop:config>

   <!-- Definition for student bean -->
   <bean id = "student" class = "com.tutorialspoint.Student">
      <property name = "name"  value = "Zara" />
      <property name = "age"  value = "11"/>
   </bean>

   <!-- Definition for logging aspect -->
   <bean id = "logging" class = "com.tutorialspoint.Logging"/>
</beans>

Step 4 − 打开命令控制台，转到 C:\MVN 目录并执行以下 mvn 命令。

Step 4 − Open the command console, go the C:\MVN directory and execute the following mvn command.

C:\MVN>Student> mvn package

Maven 将开始处理和下载所需的库。

Maven will start processing and downloading the required libraries.

C:\MVN\Student>mvn package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ---------------------< com.tutorialspoint:Student >---------------------
[INFO] Building Student 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ Student ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ Student ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ Student ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\Student\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ Student ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ Student ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: C:\MVN\Student\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.tutorialspoint.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.093 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ Student ---
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  4.213 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-12-27T20:42:00+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
C:\MVN\Student>

Import Project in Eclipse

Step 1 − 打开 Eclipse。

Step 1 − Open Eclipse.

Step 2 − 选择 File → Import → 选项。

Step 2 − Select File → Import → option.

Step 3 − 选择 Maven 项目选项。单击“下一步”按钮。

Step 3 − Select Maven Projects Option. Click the Next Button.

Step 4 − 选择项目位置，即使用 Maven 创建 Student 项目的位置。

Step 4 − Select Project location, where Student project was created using Maven.

Step 5 − 单击“完成”按钮。

Step 5 − Click Finish Button.

Run Project

创建源和配置文件后，运行您的应用程序。在应用程序中右键单击 MainApp.java 并使用 run as Java Application 命令。如果您的应用程序一切正常，它将打印以下消息。

Once you are done creating the source and configuration files, run your application. Rightclick on MainApp.java in your application and use run as Java Application command. If everything is fine with your application, it will print the following message.

Going to setup student profile.
Name : Zara
Student profile has been setup.
Returning:Zara
Going to setup student profile.
Age : 11
Student profile has been setup.
Returning:11
Going to setup student profile.
Exception raised
Student profile has been setup.
There has been an exception: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
	at com.tutorialspoint.Student.printThrowException(Student.java:25)
...