Struts 2 简明教程

Struts 2 - Sending Email

本章解释了如何使用 Struts2 应用程序发送电子邮件。

对于此练习，您需要从 JavaMail API 1.4.4 下载并安装 mail.jar，然后将 mail.jar 文件放到 WEB-INF\lib 文件夹中，然后按照创建动作、视图和配置文件的标准步骤进行操作。

Create Action

下一步是创建一个负责发送电子邮件的动作方法。让我们创建一个名为 Emailer.java 的新类，其中包含以下内容。

package com.tutorialspoint.struts2;

import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class Emailer extends ActionSupport {

   private String from;
   private String password;
   private String to;
   private String subject;
   private String body;

   static Properties properties = new Properties();
   static {
      properties.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");
      properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");
      properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class",
         "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
      properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
      properties.put("mail.smtp.port", "465");
   }

   public String execute() {
      String ret = SUCCESS;
      try {
         Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties,
            new javax.mail.Authenticator() {
               protected PasswordAuthentication
               getPasswordAuthentication() {
                  return new
                  PasswordAuthentication(from, password);
               }
            }
         );

         Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
         message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
         message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,
            InternetAddress.parse(to));
         message.setSubject(subject);
         message.setText(body);
         Transport.send(message);
      } catch(Exception e) {
         ret = ERROR;
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
      return ret;
   }

   public String getFrom() {
      return from;
   }

   public void setFrom(String from) {
      this.from = from;
   }

   public String getPassword() {
      return password;
   }

   public void setPassword(String password) {
      this.password = password;
   }

   public String getTo() {
      return to;
   }

   public void setTo(String to) {
      this.to = to;
   }

   public String getSubject() {
      return subject;
   }

   public void setSubject(String subject) {
      this.subject = subject;
   }

   public String getBody() {
      return body;
   }

   public void setBody(String body) {
      this.body = body;
   }

   public static Properties getProperties() {
      return properties;
   }

   public static void setProperties(Properties properties) {
      Emailer.properties = properties;
   }
}

如上方的源代码所示， Emailer.java 具有与下面所提供的 email.jsp 页面中的表单属性相对应的属性。这些属性为 −

From − 发件人的电子邮件地址。由于我们正在使用 Google 的 SMTP，因此我们需要一个有效的 gtalk ID
Password − 以上帐号的密码
To − 电子邮件发送给谁？
Subject − 电子邮件主题
Body − 实际电子邮件正文

我们尚未考虑以上字段的任何验证，验证将在下一章中添加。现在，我们来看看 execute() 方法。execute() 方法使用 javax Mail 库来使用提供的参数发送电子邮件。如果邮件已成功发送，则该动作返回 SUCCESS，否则返回 ERROR。

Create Main Page

让我们编写 JSP 主页面文件 index.jsp ，这将用于收集上面提到的与电子邮件相关的信息 −

<%@ page language = "java" contentType = "text/html; charset = ISO-8859-1"
   pageEncoding = "ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix = "s" uri = "/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>
   <head>
   <title>Email Form</title>
   </head>

   <body>
      <em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server.
         So you need to enter a gmail username and password
      </em>

      <form action = "emailer" method = "post">
         <label for = "from">From</label><br/>
         <input type = "text" name = "from"/><br/>
         <label for = "password">Password</label><br/>
         <input type = "password" name = "password"/><br/>
         <label for = "to">To</label><br/>
         <input type = "text" name = "to"/><br/>
         <label for = "subject">Subject</label><br/>
         <input type = "text" name = "subject"/><br/>
         <label for = "body">Body</label><br/>
         <input type = "text" name = "body"/><br/>
         <input type = "submit" value = "Send Email"/>
      </form>
   </body>
</html>

Create Views

我们将使用 JSP 文件 success.jsp ，在该动作返回 SUCCESS 时调用，但如果动作返回 ERROR，我们将有另一个视图文件。

<%@ page language = "java" contentType = "text/html; charset = ISO-8859-1"
   pageEncoding = "ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix = "s" uri = "/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Email Success</title>
   </head>

   <body>
      Your email to <s:property value = "to"/> was sent successfully.
   </body>
</html>

在 Action 返回错误时，以下是视图文件 error.jsp 。

<%@ page language = "java" contentType = "text/html; charset = ISO-8859-1"
   pageEncoding = "ISO-8859-1"%>
<%@ taglib prefix = "s" uri = "/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
   "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>
   <head>
      <title>Email Error</title>
   </head>

   <body>
      There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value = "to"/>.
   </body>
</html>

Configuration Files

现在来使用 Struts.xml 配置文件将所有内容放在一起，如下所示 -

<?xml version = "1.0" Encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
   "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
   "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
   <constant name = "struts.devMode" value = "true" />
   <package name = "helloworld" extends = "struts-default">

      <action name = "emailer"
         class = "com.tutorialspoint.struts2.Emailer"
         method = "execute">
         <result name = "success">/success.jsp</result>
         <result name = "error">/error.jsp</result>
      </action>

   </package>
</struts>

以下是 web.xml 文件的内容：

<?xml version = "1.0" Encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:web = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
   id = "WebApp_ID" version = "3.0">

   <display-name>Struts 2</display-name>

   <welcome-file-list>
      <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
   </welcome-file-list>

   <filter>
      <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
      <filter-class>
         org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
      </filter-class>
   </filter>

   <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
   </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

现在，右键单击项目名称并单击 Export > WAR File 以创建 War 文件。然后将此 WAR 部署在 Tomcat 的 webapps 目录中。最后，启动 Tomcat 服务器并尝试访问 URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp 。这将生成以下屏幕：

输入所需信息，然后单击 Send Email 按钮。如果一切顺利，您应该会看到以下页面。