Ubuntu 简明教程

Ubuntu - User Management

Ubuntu 提供了创建新用户的功能，新用户可获得登录系统的授权。让我们看看借助用户管理可以执行的不同功能。

Ubuntu provides the facility to create new users who can be authorized to log on to the system. Let’s look at the different functions that can be performed with the help of user management.

Creating Users

创建用户需要执行以下步骤。

The following steps need to be performed for the creation of users.

Step 1 − 从搜索菜单启动用户管理控制台。在搜索菜单中，输入用户关键字。此时将出现用户帐户图标。在用户帐户图标上双击。

Step 1 − Launch the user management console from the search menu. In the search menu, enter the keyword of users. The User Accounts icon will then appear. Double-click on the User Accounts icon.

Step 2 − 然后将弹出用户管理屏幕，如下面的屏幕截图所示。要执行任何类型用户管理，我们首先需要按解锁按钮并输入管理员凭据。

Step 2 − The user management screen will then pop up as shown in the following screenshot. To perform any sort of user management, we first need to press the Unlock button and enter our administrator credentials.

Step 3 − 在弹出的对话框中输入管理员凭据，然后单击认证按钮。

Step 3 − Enter the administrator credentials in the pop-up box which comes up and click the Authenticate button.

一旦我们单击认证，屏幕上的所有用户管理功能都将启用。

Once we click Authenticate, all the user management functions on the screen will become enabled.

Step 4 − 单击加号按钮以创建用户。

Step 4 − Click the plus button to create a user.

Step 5 − 输入用户详细信息。我们只能创建标准和管理员帐户类型。

Step 5 − Enter the user details. We can only create Standard and Administrator account types.

Step 6 − 单击添加按钮以完成添加用户的操作。

Step 6 − Click the Add button to complete the operation of adding the user.

Enabling the User Account

创建用户时，用户帐户将被禁用。这是因为尚未将密码与该帐户关联。

When the user is created, the user account is disabled. This is because a password has not been associated with the account.

以下是启用用户帐户的步骤。

Following are the steps to enable the user account.

Step 1 − 单击帐户已禁用选项。这将提示密码对话框。

Step 1 − Click the Account disabled option. This will prompt for the password dialog box.

我们可以选择设置密码，不使用密码登录或启用帐户。ที่ดี的做法是始终为帐户设置密码。

We have the option to either set a password, log in without a password, or enable the account. A good practice is to always set a password for an account.

Step 2 − 要设置密码并单击更改按钮。

Step 2 − To set the password and click the Change button.

Step 3 − 现在将启用帐户。使用新创建的帐户登录。

Step 3 − The account will now be enabled. Log in using the newly created account.

Managing User Permissions and Groups

要管理用户权限和组，需要安装一个附加包。以下是管理用户权限和组的步骤。

To manage user permissions and groups, an additional package needs to be installed. Following are the steps to manage user permissions and groups.

Step 1 − 转到搜索选项并键入命令关键字。

Step 1 − Go to the search option and type the command keyword.

Step 2 − 终端的搜索结果将出现。单击以打开命令提示符。

Step 2 − The search result of Terminal appears. Click it to open the command prompt.

Step 3 − 接下来，发出以下命令。

Step 3 − Next, issue the following command.

sudo apt-get install gnome-system-tools

apt-get 命令行用于从互联网为 Ubuntu 系统安装附加包。在此，我们告诉 Ubuntu 我们想安装其他系统工具，以便我们可以管理用户权限和组。

The apt-get command line is used to install additional packages from the Internet for the Ubuntu system. Here, we are telling Ubuntu that we want to install additional system tools so that we can manage user permissions and groups.

Step 4 − 然后，我们将提示输入当前登录帐户的密码，并确认下载安装所需的包。输入“Y”选项继续。

Step 4 − We will then be prompted for the password of the current logged in account and to also confirm to download the necessary packages for the installation. Enter the ‘Y’ option to proceed.

Step 5 − 安装完成后，当我们在 Ubuntu 中搜索选项中的用户时，我们可以看到用户和组的附加选项。

Step 5 − Once the installation is complete, when we search for users in the search option in Ubuntu, we can see an additional option of Users and Groups.

Step 6 − 单击“用户和组”选项。现在，将会有一个用户和组的附加选项。

Step 6 − Click the Users and Groups option. Now, there will be an additional option of user and groups.

Step 7 − 单击“高级设置”按钮。将提示我们输入当前登录用户的密码来进行验证。输入密码并单击“验证”按钮。

Step 7 − Click the Advanced settings button. We will be prompted to enter the password of the current logged on user to authenticate. Enter the password and click the Authenticate button.

Step 8 − 在随后出现的对话框中，我们就能将用户所需的特权分配给该用户。

Step 8 − In the next dialog box which appears, we will then be able to assign the required user privileges to the user.

Step 9 − 现在，如果我们单击“组”选项，我们会看到它有创建和删除组的选项。

Step 9 − Now, if we click on the Groups option, we will see that it has the option to create and delete groups.

Step 10 − 单击“添加”按钮添加一个组。

Step 10 − Click on the Add button to add a group.

Step 11 − 在随后出现的对话框中，我们可以提供一个组名并向该组分配成员。

Step 11 − In the next dialog box, we can provide a group name and assign members to that group.

Step 12 − 最后，单击“确定”按钮创建组。

Step 12 − Finally, click the OK button to create the group.