Wpf 简明教程

WPF - 3D Graphics

Windows演示文稿框架 (WPF) 提供了一项功能，按照您的应用程序要求绘制、转换和动画处理 3D 图形。它不支持完整的 3D 游戏开发，但是在某种程度上，您可以创建 3D 图形。

Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) provides a functionality to draw, transform, and animate 3D graphics as per your application requirement. It doesn’t support full fledge 3D game development, but to some level, you can create 3D graphics.

通过组合 2D 和 3D 图形，您还能够创建丰富的控件，提供复杂的数据插图或增强应用程序界面用户体验。Viewport3D 元素承载 3D 模型进入到我们的 WPF 应用程序中。

By combining 2D and 3D graphics, you can also create rich controls, provide complex illustrations of data, or enhance the user experience of an application’s interface. The Viewport3D element hosts a 3D model into our WPF application.

Example

我们来举一个简单的示例，了解如何使用 3D 图形。

Let’s take a simple example to understand how to use 3D graphics.

Create a new WPF project with the name WPF3DGraphics.
The following XAML code shows how to create a 2D object using in 3D geometry.

<Window x:Class = "WPF3DGraphics.MainWindow"
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:WPF3DGraphics"
   mc:Ignorable = "d" Title = "MainWindow" Height = "500" Width = "604">

   <Grid>
      <Viewport3D>

         <Viewport3D.Camera>
            <PerspectiveCamera Position = "2,0,10" LookDirection = "0.2,0.4,-1"
               FieldOfView = "65" UpDirection = "0,1,0" />
         </Viewport3D.Camera>

         <ModelVisual3D>
            <ModelVisual3D.Content>
               <Model3DGroup>
                  <AmbientLight Color = "Bisque" />

                  <GeometryModel3D>
                     <GeometryModel3D.Geometry>
                        <MeshGeometry3D Positions = "0,0,0 0,8,0 10,0,0 8,8,0"
                           Normals = "0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1 0,0,1" TriangleIndices = "0,2,1 1,2,3"/>
                     </GeometryModel3D.Geometry>

                     <GeometryModel3D.Material>
                        <DiffuseMaterial Brush = "Bisque" />
                     </GeometryModel3D.Material>
                  </GeometryModel3D>

               </Model3DGroup>
            </ModelVisual3D.Content>
         </ModelVisual3D>

      </Viewport3D>
   </Grid>

</Window>

当您编译并执行上述代码时，它将在 3D 中生成一个 2D 对象。

When you compile and execute the above code, it will produce a 2D object in 3D.

Example

我们来看另一个演示 3D 对象的示例。

Let’s have a look at another example which shows a 3D object.

Create a new WPF project with the name WPF3DGraphics1
The following XAML code creates a 3D object and a slider. With the help of the slider, you can rotate this 3D object.

<Window x:Class = "WPF3DGraphics1.MainWindow"
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:WPF3DGraphics1"
   mc:Ignorable = "d" Title = "MainWindow" Height = "350" Width = "525">

   <Grid>
      <Viewport3D Name="viewport3D1">

         <Viewport3D.Camera>
            <PerspectiveCamera x:Name = "camMain" Position = "6 5 4" LookDirection = "-6 -5 -4">
            </PerspectiveCamera>
         </Viewport3D.Camera>

         <ModelVisual3D>
            <ModelVisual3D.Content>
               <DirectionalLight x:Name = "dirLightMain" Direction = "-1,-1,-1">
               </DirectionalLight>
            </ModelVisual3D.Content>
         </ModelVisual3D>

         <ModelVisual3D x:Name = "MyModel">
            <ModelVisual3D.Content>
               <GeometryModel3D>

                  <GeometryModel3D.Geometry>
                     <MeshGeometry3D x:Name = "meshMain"
                        Positions = "0 0 0  1 0 0  0 1 0  1 1 0  0 0 1  1 0 1  0 1 1  0 1 1"
                        TriangleIndices = "2 3 1  3 1 0  7 1 3  7 5 1  6 5 7  6 4 5  6 2 0
                        2 0 4  2 7 3  2 6 7  0 1 5  0 5 4">
                     </MeshGeometry3D>
                  </GeometryModel3D.Geometry>

                  <GeometryModel3D.Material>
                     <DiffuseMaterial x:Name = "matDiffuseMain">
                        <DiffuseMaterial.Brush>
                           <SolidColorBrush Color = "Bisque"/>
                        </DiffuseMaterial.Brush>
                     </DiffuseMaterial>
                  </GeometryModel3D.Material>

               </GeometryModel3D>
            </ModelVisual3D.Content>

            <ModelVisual3D.Transform>
               <RotateTransform3D>
                  <RotateTransform3D.Rotation>
                     <AxisAngleRotation3D x:Name = "rotate" Axis = "1 2 1"/>
                  </RotateTransform3D.Rotation>
               </RotateTransform3D>
            </ModelVisual3D.Transform>

         </ModelVisual3D>
      </Viewport3D>

      <Slider Height = "23" HorizontalAlignment = "Left"
         Margin = "145,271,0,0" Name = "slider1"
         VerticalAlignment = "Top" Width = "269"
         Maximum = "360"
         Value = "{Binding ElementName = rotate, Path=Angle}" />

   </Grid>

</Window>

当您运行您的应用程序时，它将在您的窗口上生成一个 3D 对象和一个滑动条。

When you run your application, it will produce a 3D object and a slider on your window.

当您滑动滑动条时，您窗口上的对象也将旋转。

When you slide the slider, the object on your window will also rotate.

我们建议您执行上述代码并尝试更多的 3D 几何图形。

We recommend that you execute the above code and try more 3D geometry.