Java Xml 简明教程
Java XML - Overview
What is XML?
XML 是一种简单的基于文本的语言，旨在以纯文本格式存储和传输数据。它代表可扩展标记语言。以下是 XML 的一些显著功能。
-
XML 是一种标记语言。
-
XML 是一种基于标记的语言，如 HTML。
-
XML 标记不是预定义的，如 HTML。
-
您可定义自己的标记，这就是为什么它被称为可扩展语言。
-
XML 标记被设计为自描述的。
-
XML 是 W3C 对数据存储和数据传输的建议。
Example
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<Class>
<Name>First</Name>
<Sections>
<Section>
<Name>A</Name>
<Students>
<Student>Rohan</Student>
<Student>Mohan</Student>
<Student>Sohan</Student>
<Student>Lalit</Student>
<Student>Vinay</Student>
</Students>
</Section>
<Section>
<Name>B</Name>
<Students>
<Student>Robert</Student>
<Student>Julie</Student>
<Student>Kalie</Student>
<Student>Michael</Student>
</Students>
</Section>
</Sections>
</Class>Java XML - Parsers
XML 解析是指遍历 XML 文档以访问或修改数据。
What is XML Parser?
XML 解析器提供了一种在 XML 文档中访问或修改数据的方法。Java 提供了多种选项来解析 XML 文档。以下是通常用于解析 XML 文档的各种类型的解析器。
-
Dom Parser − 通过加载文档的完整内容并创建其在内存中的完整层次结构树来解析 XML 文档。
-
SAX Parser − 根据基于事件的触发器来解析 XML 文档。不会将完整文档加载到内存中。
-
JDOM Parser − 以类似于 DOM 解析器的方式解析 XML 文档，但更简单。
-
StAX Parser − 以类似于 SAX 解析器的方式来解析 XML 文档，但效果更高。
-
XPath Parser − 根据表达式解析 XML 文档，并且在 conjunction with XSLT 中得到了广泛使用。
-
DOM4J Parser − 使用 Java Collections Framework 来解析 XML、XPath 和 XSLT 的 Java 库。它提供对 DOM、SAX 和 JAXP 的支持。
可以使用 JAXB 和 XSLT API 来以面向对象的方式来处理 XML 解析。我们将在本教程的后续章节中详细阐述每个解析器。
Java DOM Parser - Overview
文档对象模型 (DOM) 是万维网联盟 (W3C) 的官方推荐。它定义了一个接口，让程序能够访问并更新 XML 文档的样式、结构和内容。支持 DOM 的 XML 解析器会实现这个接口。
When to Use?
你应在下列情况下使用 DOM 解析器：
-
您需要充分理解文档的结构。
-
- 您需要移动 XML 文档的各个部分（例如，您可能需要对某些元素进行排序）。
-
- 您需要多次使用 XML 文档中的信息。
DOM interfaces
DOM 定义了若干 Java 接口。这里是最常见的接口 −
-
Node − DOM 的基本数据类型。
-
Element − 你要处理的对象的最大部分是元素。
-
Attr − 表示元素的一个属性。
-
Text − 元素或属性的实际内容。
-
Document − 表示整个 XML 文档。文档对象通常称为 DOM 树。
Common DOM methods
当你使用 DOM 时，你会经常用到以下几个方法 −
-
Document.getDocumentElement() − 返回文档的根元素。
-
Node.getFirstChild() − 返回给定节点的第一个子代。
-
Node.getLastChild() − 返回给定节点的最后一个子代。
-
Node.getNextSibling() − 这些方法返回给定节点的下一个同级。
-
Node.getPreviousSibling() − 这些方法返回给定节点的前一个同级。
-
Node.getAttribute(attrName) - 对于给定的节点，它返回具有请求名称的属性。
Java DOM Parser - Parse XML Document
Steps to Using JDOM
以下是使用 JDOM 解析器解析文档时使用的步骤。
-
Import XML-related packages.
-
Create a DocumentBuilder
-
从文件或流创建一个文档
-
Extract the root element
-
Examine attributes
-
Examine sub-elements
Create a DocumentBuilder
DocumentBuilderFactory factory =
DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();Create a Document from a file or stream
StringBuilder xmlStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
xmlStringBuilder.append("<?xml version="1.0"?> ");
ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(
xmlStringBuilder.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
Document doc = builder.parse(input);Demo Example
以下是我们需要解析的输入 XML 文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>DomParserDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
public class DomParserDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = dBuilder.parse(inputFile);
doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
System.out.println("Root element :" + doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());
NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("student");
System.out.println("----------------------------");
for (int temp = 0; temp < nList.getLength(); temp++) {
Node nNode = nList.item(temp);
System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :" + nNode.getNodeName());
if (nNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Element eElement = (Element) nNode;
System.out.println("Student roll no : "
+ eElement.getAttribute("rollno"));
System.out.println("First Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("firstname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Last Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("lastname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Nick Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("nickname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Marks : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("marks")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Root element :class
----------------------------
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 393
First Name : dinkar
Last Name : kad
Nick Name : dinkar
Marks : 85
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 493
First Name : Vaneet
Last Name : Gupta
Nick Name : vinni
Marks : 95
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 593
First Name : jasvir
Last Name : singn
Nick Name : jazz
Marks : 90Java DOM Parser - Query XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要查询的输入 XML 文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferarri 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports car">Ferarri 201</carname>
<carname type = "sports car">Ferarri 301</carname>
</supercars>
<supercars company = "Lamborgini">
<carname>Lamborgini 001</carname>
<carname>Lamborgini 002</carname>
<carname>Lamborgini 003</carname>
</supercars>
<luxurycars company = "Benteley">
<carname>Benteley 1</carname>
<carname>Benteley 2</carname>
<carname>Benteley 3</carname>
</luxurycars>
</cars>QueryXmlFileDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import java.io.File;
public class QueryXmlFileDemo {
public static void main(String argv[]) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = dBuilder.parse(inputFile);
doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
System.out.print("Root element: ");
System.out.println(doc.getDocumentElement().getNodeName());
NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("supercars");
System.out.println("----------------------------");
for (int temp = 0; temp < nList.getLength(); temp++) {
Node nNode = nList.item(temp);
System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :");
System.out.print(nNode.getNodeName());
if (nNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Element eElement = (Element) nNode;
System.out.print("company : ");
System.out.println(eElement.getAttribute("company"));
NodeList carNameList = eElement.getElementsByTagName("carname");
for (int count = 0; count < carNameList.getLength(); count++) {
Node node1 = carNameList.item(count);
if (node1.getNodeType() == node1.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Element car = (Element) node1;
System.out.print("car name : ");
System.out.println(car.getTextContent());
System.out.print("car type : ");
System.out.println(car.getAttribute("type"));
}
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Root element: cars
----------------------------
Current Element :
supercarscompany : Ferrari
car name : Ferarri 101
car type : formula one
car name : Ferarri 201
car type : sports car
car name : Ferarri 301
car type : sports car
Current Element :
supercarscompany : Lamborgini
car name : Lamborgini 001
car type :
car name : Lamborgini 002
car type :
car name : Lamborgini 003
car type :Java DOM Parser - Create XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要创建的 XML -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" standalone = "no"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferrari 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Ferrari 202</carname>
</supercars>
</cars>CreateXmlFileDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import java.io.File;
public class CreateXmlFileDemo {
public static void main(String argv[]) {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory =
DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = dBuilder.newDocument();
// root element
Element rootElement = doc.createElement("cars");
doc.appendChild(rootElement);
// supercars element
Element supercar = doc.createElement("supercars");
rootElement.appendChild(supercar);
// setting attribute to element
Attr attr = doc.createAttribute("company");
attr.setValue("Ferrari");
supercar.setAttributeNode(attr);
// carname element
Element carname = doc.createElement("carname");
Attr attrType = doc.createAttribute("type");
attrType.setValue("formula one");
carname.setAttributeNode(attrType);
carname.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("Ferrari 101"));
supercar.appendChild(carname);
Element carname1 = doc.createElement("carname");
Attr attrType1 = doc.createAttribute("type");
attrType1.setValue("sports");
carname1.setAttributeNode(attrType1);
carname1.appendChild(doc.createTextNode("Ferrari 202"));
supercar.appendChild(carname1);
// write the content into xml file
TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(new File("C:\\cars.xml"));
transformer.transform(source, result);
// Output to console for testing
StreamResult consoleResult = new StreamResult(System.out);
transformer.transform(source, consoleResult);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" standalone = "no"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferrari 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Ferrari 202</carname>
</supercars>
</cars>Java DOM Parser - Modify XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要修改的输入 XML 文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" standalone = "no"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferrari 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Ferrari 202</carname>
</supercars>
<luxurycars company = "Benteley">
<carname>Benteley 1</carname>
<carname>Benteley 2</carname>
<carname>Benteley 3</carname>
</luxurycars>
</cars>ModifyXmlFileDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
public class ModifyXmlFileDemo {
public static void main(String argv[]) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.xml");
DocumentBuilderFactory docFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder docBuilder = docFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = docBuilder.parse(inputFile);
Node cars = doc.getFirstChild();
Node supercar = doc.getElementsByTagName("supercars").item(0);
// update supercar attribute
NamedNodeMap attr = supercar.getAttributes();
Node nodeAttr = attr.getNamedItem("company");
nodeAttr.setTextContent("Lamborigini");
// loop the supercar child node
NodeList list = supercar.getChildNodes();
for (int temp = 0; temp < list.getLength(); temp++) {
Node node = list.item(temp);
if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Element eElement = (Element) node;
if ("carname".equals(eElement.getNodeName())) {
if("Ferrari 101".equals(eElement.getTextContent())) {
eElement.setTextContent("Lamborigini 001");
}
if("Ferrari 202".equals(eElement.getTextContent()))
eElement.setTextContent("Lamborigini 002");
}
}
}
NodeList childNodes = cars.getChildNodes();
for(int count = 0; count < childNodes.getLength(); count++) {
Node node = childNodes.item(count);
if("luxurycars".equals(node.getNodeName()))
cars.removeChild(node);
}
// write the content on console
TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
System.out.println("-----------Modified File-----------");
StreamResult consoleResult = new StreamResult(System.out);
transformer.transform(source, consoleResult);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
-----------Modified File-----------
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" standalone = "no"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Lamborigini">
<carname type = "formula one">Lamborigini 001</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Lamborigini 002</carname>
</supercars>
</cars>Java SAX Parser - Overview
SAX (XML 的简单 API) 是用于 XML 文档的基于事件的解析器。与 DOM 解析器不同，SAX 解析器不会创建解析树。SAX 是用于 XML 的流式传输界面，这意味着使用 SAX 的应用程序将接收有关正在处理的 XML 文档的事件通知。这些通知包括元素和属性，它们将按从文档顶部按顺序开始，以 ROOT 元素结束的方式依次出现。
-
从上到下读取 XML 文档，识别构成良好形成的 XML 文档的标记。
-
标记按照在文档中出现的顺序进行处理。
-
向应用程序报告解析器在遇到标记时识别的标记性质。
-
应用程序提供了一个“事件”处理程序，该处理程序必须在解析器中注册。
-
识别标记后，将使用相关信息调用处理程序中的回调方法。
When to Use?
以下情况应使用 SAX 解析器 -
-
您可以从上向下线性方式处理 XML 文档。
-
文档没有深度嵌套。
-
您正在处理一个非常大的 XML 文档，其 DOM 树会消耗过多的内存。典型的 DOM 实现使用十个字节的内存来表示一个字节的 XML。
-
要解决的问题仅涉及 XML 文档的一部分。
-
数据一旦被解析器看到就可用，因此 SAX 非常适用于通过流到达的 XML 文档。
ContentHandler Interface
此接口指定 SAX 解析器用于通知应用程序程序其看到的 XML 文档组件的回调方法。
-
void startDocument() − 在文档开头调用。
-
void endDocument() − 在文档结尾调用。
-
void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes atts) − 在元素开头调用。
-
void endElement(String uri, String localName,String qName) − 在元素结尾调用。
-
void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) − 在遇到字符数据时调用。
-
void ignorableWhitespace( char[] ch, int start, int length) − 在存在 DTD 且遇到可忽略空白时调用。
-
void processingInstruction(String target, String data) − 在识别出处理指令时调用。
-
void setDocumentLocator(Locator locator)) − 提供一个用于标识文档中位置的定位器。
-
void skippedEntity(String name) − 在遇到未解析的实体时调用。
-
void startPrefixMapping(String prefix, String uri) − 在定义新的命名空间映射时调用。
-
void endPrefixMapping(String prefix) − 在命名空间定义结束其作用域时调用。
Java SAX Parser - Parse XML Document
Demo Example
下面是需要解析的输入 xml 文件 −
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>UserHandler.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
public class UserHandler extends DefaultHandler {
boolean bFirstName = false;
boolean bLastName = false;
boolean bNickName = false;
boolean bMarks = false;
@Override
public void startElement(String uri,
String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
String rollNo = attributes.getValue("rollno");
System.out.println("Roll No : " + rollNo);
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("firstname")) {
bFirstName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("lastname")) {
bLastName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("nickname")) {
bNickName = true;
}
else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("marks")) {
bMarks = true;
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri,
String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
System.out.println("End Element :" + qName);
}
}
@Override
public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException {
if (bFirstName) {
System.out.println("First Name: "
+ new String(ch, start, length));
bFirstName = false;
} else if (bLastName) {
System.out.println("Last Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bLastName = false;
} else if (bNickName) {
System.out.println("Nick Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bNickName = false;
} else if (bMarks) {
System.out.println("Marks: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bMarks = false;
}
}
}SAXParserDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
public class SAXParserDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
UserHandler userhandler = new UserHandler();
saxParser.parse(inputFile, userhandler);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class UserHandler extends DefaultHandler {
boolean bFirstName = false;
boolean bLastName = false;
boolean bNickName = false;
boolean bMarks = false;
@Override
public void startElement(
String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes)
throws SAXException {
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
String rollNo = attributes.getValue("rollno");
System.out.println("Roll No : " + rollNo);
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("firstname")) {
bFirstName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("lastname")) {
bLastName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("nickname")) {
bNickName = true;
}
else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("marks")) {
bMarks = true;
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri,
String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
System.out.println("End Element :" + qName);
}
}
@Override
public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException {
if (bFirstName) {
System.out.println("First Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bFirstName = false;
} else if (bLastName) {
System.out.println("Last Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bLastName = false;
} else if (bNickName) {
System.out.println("Nick Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bNickName = false;
} else if (bMarks) {
System.out.println("Marks: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bMarks = false;
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Roll No : 393
First Name: dinkar
Last Name: kad
Nick Name: dinkar
Marks: 85
End Element :student
Roll No : 493
First Name: Vaneet
Last Name: Gupta
Nick Name: vinni
Marks: 95
End Element :student
Roll No : 593
First Name: jasvir
Last Name: singn
Nick Name: jazz
Marks: 90
End Element :studentJava SAX Parser - Query XML Document
Demo Example
以下是有需要针对学号查询的输入文本文件：393
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>UserHandler.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
public class UserHandler extends DefaultHandler {
boolean bFirstName = false;
boolean bLastName = false;
boolean bNickName = false;
boolean bMarks = false;
String rollNo = null;
@Override
public void startElement(
String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes)
throws SAXException {
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
rollNo = attributes.getValue("rollno");
}
if(("393").equals(rollNo) &&
qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
System.out.println("Start Element :" + qName);
}
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("firstname")) {
bFirstName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("lastname")) {
bLastName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("nickname")) {
bNickName = true;
}
else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("marks")) {
bMarks = true;
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(
String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
if(("393").equals(rollNo) && qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student"))
System.out.println("End Element :" + qName);
}
}
@Override
public void characters(char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException {
if (bFirstName && ("393").equals(rollNo)) {
//age element, set Employee age
System.out.println("First Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bFirstName = false;
} else if (bLastName && ("393").equals(rollNo)) {
System.out.println("Last Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bLastName = false;
} else if (bNickName && ("393").equals(rollNo)) {
System.out.println("Nick Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bNickName = false;
} else if (bMarks && ("393").equals(rollNo)) {
System.out.println("Marks: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bMarks = false;
}
}
}SAXQueryDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.File;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
public class SAXQueryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
UserHandler userhandler = new UserHandler();
saxParser.parse(inputFile, userhandler);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class UserHandler extends DefaultHandler {
boolean bFirstName = false;
boolean bLastName = false;
boolean bNickName = false;
boolean bMarks = false;
String rollNo = null;
@Override
public void startElement(String uri,
String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes)
throws SAXException {
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
rollNo = attributes.getValue("rollno");
}
if(("393").equals(rollNo) && qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
System.out.println("Start Element :" + qName);
}
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("firstname")) {
bFirstName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("lastname")) {
bLastName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("nickname")) {
bNickName = true;
}
else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("marks")) {
bMarks = true;
}
}
@Override
public void endElement(
String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
if(("393").equals(rollNo)
&& qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student"))
System.out.println("End Element :" + qName);
}
}
@Override
public void characters(
char ch[], int start, int length) throws SAXException {
if (bFirstName && ("393").equals(rollNo)) {
//age element, set Employee age
System.out.println("First Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bFirstName = false;
} else if (bLastName && ("393").equals(rollNo)) {
System.out.println("Last Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bLastName = false;
} else if (bNickName && ("393").equals(rollNo)) {
System.out.println("Nick Name: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bNickName = false;
} else if (bMarks && ("393").equals(rollNo)) {
System.out.println("Marks: " + new String(ch, start, length));
bMarks = false;
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Start Element :student
First Name: dinkar
Last Name: kad
Nick Name: dinkar
Marks: 85
End Element :studentJava SAX Parser - Create XML Document
It is better to use StAX parser for creating XML documents rather than using SAX parser. Please refer the Java StAX Parser section for the same.
Java SAX Parser - Modify XML Document
Demo Example
以下是需要通过在 </marks> 标记的结尾追加 <Result>Pass<Result/> 来修改的输入 XML 文件。
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>SAXModifyDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.*;
import org.xml.sax.*;
import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
public class SAXModifyDemo extends DefaultHandler {
static String displayText[] = new String[1000];
static int numberLines = 0;
static String indentation = "";
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
SAXParserFactory factory =
SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXModifyDemo obj = new SAXModifyDemo();
obj.childLoop(inputFile);
FileWriter filewriter = new FileWriter("newfile.xml");
for(int loopIndex = 0; loopIndex < numberLines; loopIndex++) {
filewriter.write(displayText[loopIndex].toCharArray());
filewriter.write('\n');
System.out.println(displayText[loopIndex].toString());
}
filewriter.close();
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace(System.err);
}
}
public void childLoop(File input) {
DefaultHandler handler = this;
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
try {
SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
saxParser.parse(input, handler);
} catch (Throwable t) {}
}
public void startDocument() {
displayText[numberLines] = indentation;
displayText[numberLines] += "<?xml version = \"1.0\" encoding = \""+
"UTF-8" + "\"?>";
numberLines++;
}
public void processingInstruction(String target, String data) {
displayText[numberLines] = indentation;
displayText[numberLines] += "<?";
displayText[numberLines] += target;
if (data != null && data.length() > 0) {
displayText[numberLines] += ' ';
displayText[numberLines] += data;
}
displayText[numberLines] += "?>";
numberLines++;
}
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qualifiedName,
Attributes attributes) {
displayText[numberLines] = indentation;
indentation += " ";
displayText[numberLines] += '<';
displayText[numberLines] += qualifiedName;
if (attributes != null) {
int numberAttributes = attributes.getLength();
for (int loopIndex = 0; loopIndex < numberAttributes; loopIndex++) {
displayText[numberLines] += ' ';
displayText[numberLines] += attributes.getQName(loopIndex);
displayText[numberLines] += "=\"";
displayText[numberLines] += attributes.getValue(loopIndex);
displayText[numberLines] += '"';
}
}
displayText[numberLines] += '>';
numberLines++;
}
public void characters(char characters[], int start, int length) {
String characterData = (new String(characters, start, length)).trim();
if(characterData.indexOf("\n") < 0 && characterData.length() > 0) {
displayText[numberLines] = indentation;
displayText[numberLines] += characterData;
numberLines++;
}
}
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qualifiedName) {
indentation = indentation.substring(0, indentation.length() - 4) ;
displayText[numberLines] = indentation;
displayText[numberLines] += "</";
displayText[numberLines] += qualifiedName;
displayText[numberLines] += '>';
numberLines++;
if (qualifiedName.equals("marks")) {
startElement("", "Result", "Result", null);
characters("Pass".toCharArray(), 0, "Pass".length());
endElement("", "Result", "Result");
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>
dinkar
</firstname>
<lastname>
kad
</lastname>
<nickname>
dinkar
</nickname>
<marks>
85
</marks>
<Result>
Pass
</Result>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>
Vaneet
</firstname>
<lastname>
Gupta
</lastname>
<nickname>
vinni
</nickname>
<marks>
95
</marks>
<Result>
Pass
</Result>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>
jasvir
</firstname>
<lastname>
singn
</lastname>
<nickname>
jazz
</nickname>
<marks>
90
</marks>
<Result>
Pass
</Result>
</student>
</class>Java JDOM Parser - Overview
JDOM 是一个基于 Java 的开源库，用于分析 XML 文档。它通常是一个对 Java 开发人员友好的 API。它经过 Java 优化，并且使用类似 List 和 Arrays 这样的 Java 集合。
JDOM 与 DOM 和 SAX API 配合使用，并且结合了这两个 API 的优点。它的内存占用量低，并且速度几乎与 SAX 一样快。
Environment Setup
为了使用 JDOM 解析器，您应该在应用程序的类路径中包含 jdom.jar。下载 jdom-2.0.5.zip.
When to Use?
您应在以下情况下使用 JDOM 解析器 −
-
- 您需要了解大量有关 XML 文档结构的信息。
-
您需要移动 XML 文档的各个部分（例如，您可能希望对某些元素进行排序）。
-
- 您需要多次使用 XML 文档中的信息。
-
您是 Java 开发人员，并且希望利用 Java 优化后的 XML 解析。
What You Get?
使用 JDOM 解析器解析 XML 文档时，灵活地可以将包含所有文档元素的树形结构返回，而无需影响应用程序的内存占用空间。
如果文档结构良好且结构已知，JDOM 会提供各种实用函数来检查 XML 文档的内容和结构。
Java JDOM Parser - Parse XML Document
Steps to Using JDOM
以下是使用 JDOM 解析器解析文档时使用的步骤。
-
Import XML-related packages.
-
Create a SAXBuilder
-
从文件或流创建一个文档
-
Extract the root element
-
Examine attributes
-
Examine sub-elements
Demo Example
下面是需要解析的输入 xml 文件 −
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>DomParserDemo.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.jdom2.Attribute;
import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.JDOMException;
import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder;
public class JDomParserDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
SAXBuilder saxBuilder = new SAXBuilder();
Document document = saxBuilder.build(inputFile);
System.out.println("Root element :" + document.getRootElement().getName());
Element classElement = document.getRootElement();
List<Element> studentList = classElement.getChildren();
System.out.println("----------------------------");
for (int temp = 0; temp < studentList.size(); temp++) {
Element student = studentList.get(temp);
System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :"
+ student.getName());
Attribute attribute = student.getAttribute("rollno");
System.out.println("Student roll no : "
+ attribute.getValue() );
System.out.println("First Name : "
+ student.getChild("firstname").getText());
System.out.println("Last Name : "
+ student.getChild("lastname").getText());
System.out.println("Nick Name : "
+ student.getChild("nickname").getText());
System.out.println("Marks : "
+ student.getChild("marks").getText());
}
} catch(JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch(IOException ioe) {
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Root element :class
----------------------------
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 393
First Name : dinkar
Last Name : kad
Nick Name : dinkar
Marks : 85
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 493
First Name : Vaneet
Last Name : Gupta
Nick Name : vinni
Marks : 95
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 593
First Name : jasvir
Last Name : singn
Nick Name : jazz
Marks : 90Java JDOM Parser - Query XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要查询的输入 XML 文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferarri 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports car">Ferarri 201</carname>
<carname type = "sports car">Ferarri 301</carname>
</supercars>
<supercars company = "Lamborgini">
<carname>Lamborgini 001</carname>
<carname>Lamborgini 002</carname>
<carname>Lamborgini 003</carname>
</supercars>
<luxurycars company = "Benteley">
<carname>Benteley 1</carname>
<carname>Benteley 2</carname>
<carname>Benteley 3</carname>
</luxurycars>
</cars>QueryXmlFileDemo.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.jdom2.Attribute;
import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.JDOMException;
import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder;
public class QueryXmlFileDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
SAXBuilder saxBuilder = new SAXBuilder();
Document document = saxBuilder.build(inputFile);
System.out.println("Root element :" + document.getRootElement().getName());
Element classElement = document.getRootElement();
List<Element> supercarList = classElement.getChildren("supercars");
System.out.println("----------------------------");
for (int temp = 0; temp < supercarList.size(); temp++) {
Element supercarElement = supercarList.get(temp);
System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :" + supercarElement.getName());
Attribute attribute = supercarElement.getAttribute("company");
System.out.println("company : " + attribute.getValue() );
List<Element> carNameList = supercarElement.getChildren("carname");
for (int count = 0; count < carNameList.size(); count++) {
Element carElement = carNameList.get(count);
System.out.print("car name : ");
System.out.println(carElement.getText());
System.out.print("car type : ");
Attribute typeAttribute = carElement.getAttribute("type");
if(typeAttribute != null)
System.out.println(typeAttribute.getValue());
else {
System.out.println("");
}
}
}
} catch(JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch(IOException ioe) {
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Root element :cars
----------------------------
Current Element :supercars
company : Ferrari
car name : Ferarri 101
car type : formula one
car name : Ferarri 201
car type : sports car
car name : Ferarri 301
car type : sports car
Current Element :supercars
company : Lamborgini
car name : Lamborgini 001
car type :
car name : Lamborgini 002
car type :
car name : Lamborgini 003
car type :Java JDOM Parser - Create XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们要创建的 XML 文件 −
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferrari 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Ferrari 202</carname>
</supercars>
</cars>CreateXmlFileDemo.java
import java.io.IOException;
import org.jdom2.Attribute;
import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.output.Format;
import org.jdom2.output.XMLOutputter;
public class CreateXmlFileDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
//root element
Element carsElement = new Element("cars");
Document doc = new Document(carsElement);
//supercars element
Element supercarElement = new Element("supercars");
supercarElement.setAttribute(new Attribute("company","Ferrari"));
//supercars element
Element carElement1 = new Element("carname");
carElement1.setAttribute(new Attribute("type","formula one"));
carElement1.setText("Ferrari 101");
Element carElement2 = new Element("carname");
carElement2.setAttribute(new Attribute("type","sports"));
carElement2.setText("Ferrari 202");
supercarElement.addContent(carElement1);
supercarElement.addContent(carElement2);
doc.getRootElement().addContent(supercarElement);
XMLOutputter xmlOutput = new XMLOutputter();
// display ml
xmlOutput.setFormat(Format.getPrettyFormat());
xmlOutput.output(doc, System.out);
} catch(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferrari 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Ferrari 202</carname>
</supercars>
</cars>Java JDOM Parser - Modify XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们要修改的输入文本文件 −
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" standalone = "no"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferrari 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Ferrari 202</carname>
</supercars>
<luxurycars company = "Benteley">
<carname>Benteley 1</carname>
<carname>Benteley 2</carname>
<carname>Benteley 3</carname>
</luxurycars>
</cars>ModifyXmlFileDemo.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.jdom2.Attribute;
import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.JDOMException;
import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom2.output.Format;
import org.jdom2.output.XMLOutputter;
public class ModifyXMLFileDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
SAXBuilder saxBuilder = new SAXBuilder();
Document document = saxBuilder.build(inputFile);
Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
//get first supercar
Element supercarElement = rootElement.getChild("supercars");
// update supercar attribute
Attribute attribute = supercarElement.getAttribute("company");
attribute.setValue("Lamborigini");
// loop the supercar child node
List<Element> list = supercarElement.getChildren();
for (int temp = 0; temp < list.size(); temp++) {
Element carElement = list.get(temp);
if("Ferrari 101".equals(carElement.getText())) {
carElement.setText("Lamborigini 001");
}
if("Ferrari 202".equals(carElement.getText())) {
carElement.setText("Lamborigini 002");
}
}
//get all supercars element
List<Element> supercarslist = rootElement.getChildren();
for (int temp = 0; temp < supercarslist.size(); temp++) {
Element tempElement = supercarslist.get(temp);
if("luxurycars".equals(tempElement.getName())) {
rootElement.removeContent(tempElement);
}
}
XMLOutputter xmlOutput = new XMLOutputter();
// display xml
xmlOutput.setFormat(Format.getPrettyFormat());
xmlOutput.output(document, System.out);
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Lamborigini">
<carname type = "formula one">Lamborigini 001</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Lamborigini 002</carname>
</supercars>
</cars>Java StAX Parser - Overview
StAX 是一个基于 Java 的 API，用于解析 XML 文档，与 SAX 解析器类似。但这两个 API 存在两个主要差异 −
-
StAX 是一个 PULL API，而 SAX 是一个 PUSH API。这意味着对于 StAX 解析器，当它需要时，客户端应用程序需要请求 StAX 解析器从 XML 获取信息。但在使用 SAX 解析器时，客户端应用程序需要在 SAX 解析器通知客户端应用程序信息可用时获取信息。
-
StAX API 可以读取和写入 XML 文档。使用 SAX API，只能读取 XML 文件。
Environment Setup
若要使用 StAX 解析器，应该在应用程序的类路径中包含 stax.jar。
以下是 StAX API 的特性：
-
从上到下读取 XML 文档，识别构成良好形成的 XML 文档的标记。
-
标记按照在文档中出现的顺序进行处理。
-
向应用程序报告解析器在遇到标记时识别的标记性质。
-
应用程序提供了一个“事件”读取器，该读取器充当迭代器并在事件上迭代以获取所需信息。另一个可用的读取器是“游标”，它充当指向 XML 节点的指针。
-
随着事件被识别出来，可以从事件对象中检索 XML 元素并对其进行进一步处理。
When to Use?
您应该在以下情况下使用 StAX 解析器：
-
您可以从上向下线性方式处理 XML 文档。
-
文档没有深度嵌套。
-
您正在处理一个非常大的 XML 文档，其 DOM 树会消耗过多的内存。典型的 DOM 实现使用十个字节的内存来表示一个字节的 XML。
-
要解决的问题仅涉及 XML 文档的一部分。
-
解析器一看到数据便立即能用，因此 StAX 非常适用于流式传输的 XML 文档。
Disadvantages of SAX
-
由于以仅正向的方式处理 XML 文档，因此，我们无法随机访问 XML 文档。
-
如果您需要跟踪解析器已看到的数据或者解析器已更改项的顺序，则必须编写代码并自行存储数据。
XMLEventReader Class
此类提供事件迭代器，该迭代器可在解析 XML 文档时用来迭代事件。
-
StartElement asStartElement() − 用于检索元素的值和属性。
-
EndElement asEndElement() − 在元素结尾处调用。
-
Characters asCharacters() − 可用于获取字符，如 CDATA、空白等。
Java StAX Parser - Parse XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要解析的输入 XML 文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>StAXParserDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.util.Iterator;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLEventReader;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLInputFactory;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamConstants;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;
import javax.xml.stream.events.Attribute;
import javax.xml.stream.events.Characters;
import javax.xml.stream.events.EndElement;
import javax.xml.stream.events.StartElement;
import javax.xml.stream.events.XMLEvent;
public class StAXParserDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean bFirstName = false;
boolean bLastName = false;
boolean bNickName = false;
boolean bMarks = false;
try {
XMLInputFactory factory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance();
XMLEventReader eventReader =
factory.createXMLEventReader(new FileReader("input.txt"));
while(eventReader.hasNext()) {
XMLEvent event = eventReader.nextEvent();
switch(event.getEventType()) {
case XMLStreamConstants.START_ELEMENT:
StartElement startElement = event.asStartElement();
String qName = startElement.getName().getLocalPart();
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
System.out.println("Start Element : student");
Iterator<Attribute> attributes = startElement.getAttributes();
String rollNo = attributes.next().getValue();
System.out.println("Roll No : " + rollNo);
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("firstname")) {
bFirstName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("lastname")) {
bLastName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("nickname")) {
bNickName = true;
}
else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("marks")) {
bMarks = true;
}
break;
case XMLStreamConstants.CHARACTERS:
Characters characters = event.asCharacters();
if(bFirstName) {
System.out.println("First Name: " + characters.getData());
bFirstName = false;
}
if(bLastName) {
System.out.println("Last Name: " + characters.getData());
bLastName = false;
}
if(bNickName) {
System.out.println("Nick Name: " + characters.getData());
bNickName = false;
}
if(bMarks) {
System.out.println("Marks: " + characters.getData());
bMarks = false;
}
break;
case XMLStreamConstants.END_ELEMENT:
EndElement endElement = event.asEndElement();
if(endElement.getName().getLocalPart().equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
System.out.println("End Element : student");
System.out.println();
}
break;
}
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XMLStreamException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Start Element : student
Roll No : 393
First Name: dinkar
Last Name: kad
Nick Name: dinkar
Marks: 85
End Element : student
Start Element : student
Roll No : 493
First Name: Vaneet
Last Name: Gupta
Nick Name: vinni
Marks: 95
End Element : student
Start Element : student
Roll No : 593
First Name: jasvir
Last Name: singn
Nick Name: jazz
Marks: 90
End Element : studentJava StAX Parser - Query XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要解析的输入 XML 文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>StAXParserDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.util.Iterator;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLEventReader;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLInputFactory;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamConstants;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;
import javax.xml.stream.events.Attribute;
import javax.xml.stream.events.Characters;
import javax.xml.stream.events.EndElement;
import javax.xml.stream.events.StartElement;
import javax.xml.stream.events.XMLEvent;
public class StAXQueryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean bFirstName = false;
boolean bLastName = false;
boolean bNickName = false;
boolean bMarks = false;
boolean isRequestRollNo = false;
try {
XMLInputFactory factory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance();
XMLEventReader eventReader =
factory.createXMLEventReader(new FileReader("input.txt"));
String requestedRollNo = "393";
while(eventReader.hasNext()) {
XMLEvent event = eventReader.nextEvent();
switch(event.getEventType()) {
case XMLStreamConstants.START_ELEMENT:
StartElement startElement = event.asStartElement();
String qName = startElement.getName().getLocalPart();
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
Iterator<Attribute> attributes = startElement.getAttributes();
String rollNo = attributes.next().getValue();
if(rollNo.equalsIgnoreCase(requestedRollNo)) {
System.out.println("Start Element : student");
System.out.println("Roll No : " + rollNo);
isRequestRollNo = true;
}
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("firstname")) {
bFirstName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("lastname")) {
bLastName = true;
} else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("nickname")) {
bNickName = true;
}
else if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("marks")) {
bMarks = true;
}
break;
case XMLStreamConstants.CHARACTERS:
Characters characters = event.asCharacters();
if(bFirstName && isRequestRollNo) {
System.out.println("First Name: " + characters.getData());
bFirstName = false;
}
if(bLastName && isRequestRollNo) {
System.out.println("Last Name: " + characters.getData());
bLastName = false;
}
if(bNickName && isRequestRollNo) {
System.out.println("Nick Name: " + characters.getData());
bNickName = false;
}
if(bMarks && isRequestRollNo) {
System.out.println("Marks: " + characters.getData());
bMarks = false;
}
break;
case XMLStreamConstants.END_ELEMENT:
EndElement endElement = event.asEndElement();
if(endElement.getName().getLocalPart().equalsIgnoreCase(
"student") && isRequestRollNo) {
System.out.println("End Element : student");
System.out.println();
isRequestRollNo = false;
}
break;
}
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XMLStreamException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Start Element : student
Roll No : 393
First Name: dinkar
Last Name: kad
Nick Name: dinkar
Marks: 85
End Element : studentJava StAX Parser - Create XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要创建的 XML −
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" standalone = "no"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferrari 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Ferrari 202</carname>
</supercars>
</cars>StAXCreateXMLDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLOutputFactory;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamWriter;
public class StAXCreateXMLDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
XMLOutputFactory xMLOutputFactory = XMLOutputFactory.newInstance();
XMLStreamWriter xMLStreamWriter =
xMLOutputFactory.createXMLStreamWriter(stringWriter);
xMLStreamWriter.writeStartDocument();
xMLStreamWriter.writeStartElement("cars");
xMLStreamWriter.writeStartElement("supercars");
xMLStreamWriter.writeAttribute("company", "Ferrari");
xMLStreamWriter.writeStartElement("carname");
xMLStreamWriter.writeAttribute("type", "formula one");
xMLStreamWriter.writeCharacters("Ferrari 101");
xMLStreamWriter.writeEndElement();
xMLStreamWriter.writeStartElement("carname");
xMLStreamWriter.writeAttribute("type", "sports");
xMLStreamWriter.writeCharacters("Ferrari 202");
xMLStreamWriter.writeEndElement();
xMLStreamWriter.writeEndElement();
xMLStreamWriter.writeEndDocument();
xMLStreamWriter.flush();
xMLStreamWriter.close();
String xmlString = stringWriter.getBuffer().toString();
stringWriter.close();
System.out.println(xmlString);
} catch (XMLStreamException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" standalone = "no"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferrari 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Ferrari 202</carname>
</supercars>
</cars>Java StAX Parser - Modify XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要修改的 XML −
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singh</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>StAXModifyDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLEventReader;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLInputFactory;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamConstants;
import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;
import javax.xml.stream.events.Attribute;
import javax.xml.stream.events.StartElement;
import javax.xml.stream.events.XMLEvent;
import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.JDOMException;
import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom2.output.Format;
import org.jdom2.output.XMLOutputter;
public class StAXModifyDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
XMLInputFactory factory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance();
XMLEventReader eventReader = factory.createXMLEventReader(
new FileReader("input.txt"));
SAXBuilder saxBuilder = new SAXBuilder();
Document document = saxBuilder.build(new File("input.txt"));
Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
List<Element> studentElements = rootElement.getChildren("student");
while(eventReader.hasNext()) {
XMLEvent event = eventReader.nextEvent();
switch(event.getEventType()) {
case XMLStreamConstants.START_ELEMENT:
StartElement startElement = event.asStartElement();
String qName = startElement.getName().getLocalPart();
if (qName.equalsIgnoreCase("student")) {
Iterator<Attribute> attributes = startElement.getAttributes();
String rollNo = attributes.next().getValue();
if(rollNo.equalsIgnoreCase("393")) {
//get the student with roll no 393
for(int i = 0;i < studentElements.size();i++) {
Element studentElement = studentElements.get(i);
if(studentElement.getAttribute(
"rollno").getValue().equalsIgnoreCase("393")) {
studentElement.removeChild("marks");
studentElement.addContent(new Element("marks").setText("80"));
}
}
}
}
break;
}
}
XMLOutputter xmlOutput = new XMLOutputter();
// display xml
xmlOutput.setFormat(Format.getPrettyFormat());
xmlOutput.output(document, System.out);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XMLStreamException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>80</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singh</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>Java XPath Parser - Overview
XPath 是万维网联盟 (W3C) 的官方推荐。它定义了一种在 XML 文件中查找信息的语言。它用于遍历 XML 文档的元素和属性。XPath 提供了多种类型的表达式，可用于从 XML 文档中查询相关信息。
What is XPath?
-
Structure Definations − XPath 定义 XML 文档的各个部分，如元素、属性、文本、命名空间、处理指令、注释和文档节点。
-
Path Expressions - XPath 提供了功能强大的路径表达式，例如选择 XML 文档中的节点或节点列表。
-
Standard Functions - XPath 提供了一个丰富的标准函数库，可用于处理字符串值、数值值、日期和时间比较、节点和 QName 处理、序列处理、布尔值等。
-
Major part of XSLT − XPath 是 XSLT 标准中的主要元素之一，必须充分了解 XPath 才能使用 XSLT 文档。
-
W3C recommendation - XPath 是万维网联盟 (W3C) 的官方推荐。
XPath Expressions
XPath 使用路径表达式从 XML 文档中选择节点或节点列表。下面列出了有用的路径和表达式，用于从 XML 文档中选择任何节点/节点列表。
Sr.No. |
Expression & Description |
1 |
node-name 选择具有指定名称 “nodename” 的所有节点 |
2 |
/ 从根节点开始选择 |
3 |
// 从符合选择的当前节点开始选择 |
4 |
. Selects the current node |
5 |
.. 选择当前节点的父级 |
6 |
@ Selects attributes |
7 |
student Example - 选择名称为 “student” 的所有节点 |
8 |
class/student Example - 选择所有作为 class 子代的 student 元素 |
9 |
无论在文档中的什么位置，选择所有 student 元素 |
Java XPath Parser - Parse XML Document
Steps to Using XPath
使用 XPath 分析器解析文档时，以下步骤将被用作。
-
Import XML-related packages.
-
Create a DocumentBuilder.
-
从文件或流中创建 Document。
-
创建一个 Xpath 对象和一个 XPath 路径表达式。
-
使用 XPath.compile() 编译 XPath 表达式，并通过 XPath.evaluate() 评估编译的表达式来获取节点列表。
-
遍历节点列表。
-
Examine attributes.
-
Examine sub-elements.
Import XML-related packages
import org.w3c.dom.*;
import org.xml.sax.*;
import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import javax.xml.xpath.*;
import java.io.*;Create a DocumentBuilder
DocumentBuilderFactory factory =
DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();Create a Document from a file or stream
StringBuilder xmlStringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
xmlStringBuilder.append("<?xml version = "1.0"?> <class> </class>");
ByteArrayInputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(
xmlStringBuilder.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
Document doc = builder.parse(input);Prepare Path expression and evaluate it
String expression = "/class/student";
NodeList nodeList = (NodeList) xPath.compile(expression).evaluate(
doc, XPathConstants.NODESET);Iterate over NodeList
for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {
Node nNode = nodeList.item(i);
...
}Demo Example
以下是我们需要解析的输入文本文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singh</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>XPathParserDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
public class XPathParserDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder dBuilder;
dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = dBuilder.parse(inputFile);
doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
XPath xPath = XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();
String expression = "/class/student";
NodeList nodeList = (NodeList) xPath.compile(expression).evaluate(
doc, XPathConstants.NODESET);
for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {
Node nNode = nodeList.item(i);
System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :" + nNode.getNodeName());
if (nNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Element eElement = (Element) nNode;
System.out.println("Student roll no :" + eElement.getAttribute("rollno"));
System.out.println("First Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("firstname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Last Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("lastname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Nick Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("nickname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Marks : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("marks")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
}
}
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 393
First Name : dinkar
Last Name : kad
Nick Name : dinkar
Marks : 85
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 493
First Name : Vaneet
Last Name : Gupta
Nick Name : vinni
Marks : 95
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 593
First Name : jasvir
Last Name : singh
Nick Name : jazz
Marks : 90Java XPath Parser - Query XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要查询的输入文本文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>XPathParserDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
public class XPathParserDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder dBuilder;
dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document doc = dBuilder.parse(inputFile);
doc.getDocumentElement().normalize();
XPath xPath = XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();
String expression = "/class/student[@rollno = '493']";
NodeList nodeList = (NodeList) xPath.compile(expression).evaluate(
doc, XPathConstants.NODESET);
for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {
Node nNode = nodeList.item(i);
System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :" + nNode.getNodeName());
if (nNode.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
Element eElement = (Element) nNode;
System.out.println("Student roll no : "
+ eElement.getAttribute("rollno"));
System.out.println("First Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("firstname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Last Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("lastname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Nick Name : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("nickname")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
System.out.println("Marks : "
+ eElement
.getElementsByTagName("marks")
.item(0)
.getTextContent());
}
}
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 493
First Name : Vaneet
Last Name : Gupta
Nick Name : vinni
Marks : 95Java XPath Parser - Create XML Document
XPath parser is used to navigate XML Documents only. It is better to use DOM parser for creating XML. Please refer the Java DOM Parser section for the same.
Java XPath Parser - Modify XML Document
XPath parser is used to navigate XML Documents only. It is better to use DOM parser for modifying XML. Please refer the Java DOM Parser section for the same.
Java DOM4J Parser - Overview
DOM4J 是一个基于 Java 的开源库，用于解析 XML 文档。它是一个高度灵活且内存高效的 API。它经过 Java 优化，并使用 Java 集合，如 List 和 Arrays。
DOM4J 与 DOM、SAX、XPath 和 XSLT 配合使用。它可以用非常小的内存占用解析大型 XML 文档。
Environment Setup
为了使用 DOM4J 分析器，您应在您的应用程序的类路径中包含 dom4j-1.6.1.jar 和 jaxen.jar。下载 dom4j-1.6.1.zip.
When to Use?
以下情况时，您应使用 DOM4J 解析器：
-
- 您需要了解大量有关 XML 文档结构的信息。
-
- 您需要移动 XML 文档的各个部分（例如，您可能需要对某些元素进行排序）。
-
- 您需要多次使用 XML 文档中的信息。
-
- 您是 Java 开发人员，希望利用经过 Java 优化的 XML 解析。
What You Get?
当您使用 DOM4J 解析器解析 XML 文档时，您可以灵活地获取包含文档所有元素的树结构，而不会影响应用程序的内存占用。
如果文档结构良好且结构已知，DOM4J 提供了多种实用工具函数，供您检查 XML 文档的内容和结构。
DOM4J 使用 XPath 表达式来浏览 XML 文档。
Java DOM4J Parser - Parse XML Document
Steps to Using DOM4J
以下是使用 DOM4J 解析器解析文档时的步骤。
-
Import XML-related packages.
-
Create a SAXReader.
-
从文件或流中创建 Document。
-
通过调用 document.selectNodes() 使用 XPath 表达式获取所需节点
-
Extract the root element.
-
遍历节点列表。
-
Examine attributes.
-
Examine sub-elements.
Demo Example
以下是我们需要解析的输入 XML 文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>DOM4JParserDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.Node;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
public class DOM4JParserDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read( inputFile );
System.out.println("Root element :" + document.getRootElement().getName());
Element classElement = document.getRootElement();
List<Node> nodes = document.selectNodes("/class/student" );
System.out.println("----------------------------");
for (Node node : nodes) {
System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :"
+ node.getName());
System.out.println("Student roll no : "
+ node.valueOf("@rollno") );
System.out.println("First Name : "
+ node.selectSingleNode("firstname").getText());
System.out.println("Last Name : "
+ node.selectSingleNode("lastname").getText());
System.out.println("First Name : "
+ node.selectSingleNode("nickname").getText());
System.out.println("Marks : "
+ node.selectSingleNode("marks").getText());
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Root element :class
----------------------------
Current Element :student
Student roll no :
First Name : dinkar
Last Name : kad
First Name : dinkar
Marks : 85
Current Element :student
Student roll no :
First Name : Vaneet
Last Name : Gupta
First Name : vinni
Marks : 95
Current Element :student
Student roll no :
First Name : jasvir
Last Name : singn
First Name : jazz
Marks : 90Java DOM4J Parser - Query XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要解析的输入 XML 文件 -
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>DOM4JQueryDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.Node;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
public class DOM4JQueryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read( inputFile );
System.out.println("Root element :" + document.getRootElement().getName());
Element classElement = document.getRootElement();
List<Node> nodes = document.selectNodes("/class/student[@rollno = '493']" );
System.out.println("----------------------------");
for (Node node : nodes) {
System.out.println("\nCurrent Element :"
+ node.getName());
System.out.println("Student roll no : "
+ node.valueOf("@rollno") );
System.out.println("First Name : "
+ node.selectSingleNode("firstname").getText());
System.out.println("Last Name : "
+ node.selectSingleNode("lastname").getText());
System.out.println("First Name : "
+ node.selectSingleNode("nickname").getText());
System.out.println("Marks : "
+ node.selectSingleNode("marks").getText());
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
Root element :class
----------------------------
Current Element :student
Student roll no : 493
First Name : Vaneet
Last Name : Gupta
First Name : vinni
Marks : 95Java DOM4J Parser - Create XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要创建的 XML −
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferrari 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Ferrari 202</carname>
</supercars>
</cars>CreateXmlFileDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
public class DOM4JCreateXMLDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
Element root = document.addElement( "cars" );
Element supercarElement = root.addElement("supercars")
.addAttribute("company", "Ferrai");
supercarElement.addElement("carname")
.addAttribute("type", "Ferrari 101")
.addText("Ferrari 101");
supercarElement.addElement("carname")
.addAttribute("type", "sports")
.addText("Ferrari 202");
// Pretty print the document to System.out
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
XMLWriter writer;
writer = new XMLWriter( System.out, format );
writer.write( document );
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<cars>
<supercars company = "Ferrari">
<carname type = "formula one">Ferrari 101</carname>
<carname type = "sports">Ferrari 202</carname>
</supercars>
</cars>Java DOM4J Parser - Modify XML Document
Demo Example
以下是我们需要修改的 XML −
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>95</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>DOM4jModifyXMLDemo.java
package com.tutorialspoint.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.Node;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
public class DOM4jModifyXMLDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
File inputFile = new File("input.txt");
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
Document document = reader.read( inputFile );
Element classElement = document.getRootElement();
List<Node> nodes = document.selectNodes("/class/student[@rollno = '493']" );
for (Node node : nodes) {
Element element = (Element)node;
Iterator<Element> iterator = element.elementIterator("marks");
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
Element marksElement = (Element)iterator.next();
marksElement.setText("80");
}
}
// Pretty print the document to System.out
OutputFormat format = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
XMLWriter writer;
writer = new XMLWriter( System.out, format );
writer.write( document );
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}这将产生以下结果 -
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<class>
<student rollno = "393">
<firstname>dinkar</firstname>
<lastname>kad</lastname>
<nickname>dinkar</nickname>
<marks>85</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "493">
<firstname>Vaneet</firstname>
<lastname>Gupta</lastname>
<nickname>vinni</nickname>
<marks>80</marks>
</student>
<student rollno = "593">
<firstname>jasvir</firstname>
<lastname>singn</lastname>
<nickname>jazz</nickname>
<marks>90</marks>
</student>
</class>