Maven 简明教程

Maven - Build & Test Project

我们在项目创建章节中学到的内容是如何使用 Maven 创建 Java 应用程序。现在，我们将了解如何构建和测试应用程序。

转到 C:/MVN 目录（你在其中创建 Java 应用程序）。打开 consumerBanking 文件夹。你将看到 POM.xml 文件，其中包含下列内容。更新它以反映当前的 Java 版本。

<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId>
   <artifactId>project</artifactId>
   <version>1.0</version>
   <properties>
      <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
      <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
   </properties>
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>junit</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
         <version>3.8.1</version>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
</project>

这里你可以看到，Maven 已将 Junit 作为测试框架添加进来。在先前章节中所讨论的那样，默认情况下，Maven 会在其默认目录结构中添加源文件 App.java 和测试文件 AppTest.java 。

让我们打开命令控制台，转到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking 目录，然后执行以下 mvn 命令。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking>mvn clean package

Maven 将开始构建该项目。

C:\MVN\consumerBanking>mvn clean package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ----------------< com.companyname.bank:consumerBanking >----------------
[INFO] Building consumerBanking 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Deleting C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ consumerBanking ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ consumerBanking ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.companyname.bank.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.028 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ consumerBanking ---
[INFO] Building jar: C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\consumerBanking-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  4.663 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-12-13T17:34:27+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

C:\MVN\consumerBanking>

你已构建自己的项目并创建了最终 jar 文件，以下是关键学习概念 −

我们给 maven 指定了两个目标，首先清除 target 目录 (clean)，然后将项目构建输出打包为 jar (package)。
打包后的 jar 可在 consumerBanking\target 文件夹中作为 consumerBanking-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar 获得。
测试报告可在 consumerBanking\target\surefire-reports 文件夹中获得。
Maven 编译源代码文件，然后测试源代码文件。
然后，Maven 运行测试用例。
最后，Maven 创建软件包。

现在打开命令行控制台，转到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes 目录，并执行以下 java 命令。

>java com.companyname.bank.App

您将看到如下结果 −

Hello World!

Adding Java Source Files

让我们看看如何在项目中添加其他 Java 文件。打开 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\src\main\java\com\companyname\bank 文件夹，其中创建名为 Util.java 的 Util 类。

package com.companyname.bank;

public class Util {
   public static void printMessage(String message){
      System.out.println(message);
   }
}

Update the App class to use Util class.

package com.companyname.bank;

/**
* Hello world!
*
*/

public class App {
   public static void main( String[] args ){
      Util.printMessage("Hello World!");
   }
}

现在打开命令行控制台，转到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking 目录，并执行以下 mvn 命令。

>mvn clean compile

Maven 构建成功后，转到 C:\MVN\consumerBanking\target\classes 目录并执行以下 java 命令。

>java -cp com.companyname.bank.App

您将看到如下结果 −

Hello World!