Openshift 简明教程
OpenShift - Types
OpenShift 的产生源自其名为 OpenShift V2 的基础，它主要基于齿轮和墨盒的概念，其中每个组件都有其规范，从机器创建到应用程序部署，从构建应用程序一直到部署应用程序。
OpenShift came into existence from its base named OpenShift V2, which was mainly based on the concept of gear and cartridges, where each component has its specifications starting from machine creation till application deployment, right from building to deploying the application.
Cartridges − 它们是构建新应用程序的重点，从环境需要运行它们的应用程序类型到此部分满足的所有依赖项。
Cartridges − They were the focal point of building a new application starting from the type of application the environment requires to run them and all the dependencies satisfied in this section.
Gear − 可以将它定义为对资源、内存和 CPU 具有某些规格的裸机或服务器。将其视为运行应用程序的基本单元。
Gear − It can be defined as the bear metal machine or server with certain specifications regarding the resources, memory, and CPU. They were considered as a fundamental unit for running an application.
Application − 它们仅仅指的是将在 OpenShift 环境中部署并运行的应用程序或任何集成应用程序。
Application − These simply refer to the application or any integration application that will get deployed and run on OpenShift environment.
深入本节后，我们将讨论 OpenShift 的不同格式和产品。在早期，OpenShift 有三个主要版本。
As we go deeper in the section, we will discuss on different formats and offerings of OpenShift. In the earlier days, OpenShift had three major versions.
OpenShift Origin − 这是 OpenShift 的社区版或开源版。它也称为其他两个版本的上游项目。
OpenShift Origin − This was the community addition or open source version of OpenShift. It was also known as upstream project for other two versions.
OpenShift Online − 它是一个公有 PaaS，作为托管在 AWS 上的服务。
OpenShift Online − It is a pubic PaaS as a service hosted on AWS.
OpenShift Enterprise − 是 OpenShift 的增强版，具有 ISV 和供应商许可证。
OpenShift Enterprise − is the hardened version of OpenShift with ISV and vendor licenses.
OpenShift Online
OpenShift online 是 OpenShift 社区的应用，可用于在公有云上快速构建、部署和扩展容器化应用程序。它是红帽的公有云应用开发和托管平台，它可以实现自动化配置、管理和扩展应用程序，这有助于开发人员专注于编写应用程序逻辑。
OpenShift online is an offering of OpenShift community using which one can quickly build, deploy, and scale containerized applications on the public cloud. It is Red Hat’s public cloud application development and hosting platform, which enables automated provisioning, management and scaling of application which helps the developer focus on writing application logic.
Setting Up Account on Red Hat OpenShift Online
Step 1 − 转到浏览器并访问网站 https://manage.openshift.com/
Step 1 − Go to browser and visit the site https://manage.openshift.com/
Step 2 − If you have a Red Hat account, login to OpenShift account using the Red Hat login ID and password using the following URL. https://developers.redhat.com
Step 3 − If you do not have a Red Hat account login, then sign up for OpenShift online service using the following link.
After login, you will see the following page.
Once you have all the things in place, Red Hat will show some basic account details as shown in the following screenshot.
最后，当你登录时，你将看到以下页面。
Finally, when you are logged in, you will see the following page.
OpenShift Container Platform
OpenShift 容器平台是一个企业平台，它帮助多个团队（如开发和 IT 运营团队）构建和部署容器化基础设施。OpenShift 中构建的所有容器都使用非常可靠的 Docker 容器化技术，该技术可部署在任何公共托管云平台的数据中心中。
OpenShift container platform is an enterprise platform which helps multiple teams such as development and IT operations team to build and deploy containerized infrastructure. All the containers built in OpenShift uses a very reliable Docker containerization technology, which can be deployed on any data center of publically hosted cloud platforms.
OpenShift 容器平台前身为 OpenShift Enterprises。它是一个红帽内部私有平台即服务，建立在 Docker 驱动的应用程序容器的核心概念之上，其中编排和管理由 Kubernetes 管理。
OpenShift container platform was formally known as OpenShift Enterprises. It is a Red Hat on-premise private platform as service, built on the core concept of application containers powered by Docker, where orchestration and administration is managed by Kubernetes.
换句话说，OpenShift 将 Docker 和 Kubernetes 引入企业级别。它是一款容器平台软件，供企业部门在自身选择的基础设施中部署和管理申请人。例如，在 AWS 实例上托管 OpenShift 实例。
In other words, OpenShift brings Docker and Kubernetes together to the enterprise level. It is a container platform software for enterprise units to deploy and manage applicants in an infrastructure of own choice. For example, hosting OpenShift instances on AWS instances.
OpenShift 容器平台可在 two package levels 中获得。
OpenShift container platform is available in two package levels.
OpenShift Container Local - 这适用于希望在本地机器上部署和测试应用程序的开发人员。此包主要由开发团队用于开发和测试应用程序。
OpenShift Container Local − This is for those developers who wish to deploy and test applications on the local machine. This package is mainly used by development teams for developing and testing applications.
OpenShift Container Lab − 这旨在用于全面评估从开发一直到预生产环境的部署的应用程序。
OpenShift Container Lab − This is designed for extended evaluation of application starting from development till deployment to pre-prod environment.
OpenShift Dedicated
这是添加到 OpenShift 产品组合的另一份产品，在其中客户可以选择在他们选择的任何公有云上托管容器化平台。这为最终用户提供了真正的多云产品的感觉，他们可以在满足其需求的任何云上使用 OpenShift。
This is another offering added to the portfolio of OpenShift, wherein there is a customer choice of hosting a containerized platform on any of the public cloud of their choice. This gives the end user a true sense of multi-cloud offering, where they can use OpenShift on any cloud which satisfies their needs.
这是 Red Hat 的最新产品之一，最终用户可以使用它构建测试部署，并在托管在云上的 OpenShift 上运行他们的应用程序。
This is one of the newest offering of Red Hat where the end user can use OpenShift to build test deploy and run their application on OpenShift which is hosted on cloud.
Features of OpenShift Dedicated
专用 OpenShift 提供了公有云上的定制解决方案应用程序平台，并且继承了 OpenShift 3 技术。
OpenShift dedicated offers customized solution application platform on public cloud and it is inherited from OpenShift 3 technology.
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Extensible and Open − This is built on the open concept of Docker and deployed on cloud because of which it is can expend itself as and when required.
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Portability − As it is built using Docker, the applications running on Docker can easily be shipped from one place to the other, where Docker is supported.
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Orchestration − With OpenShift 3, one of the key features of container orchestration and cluster management is supported using Kubernetes which came into offering with OpenShift version 3.
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Automation − This version of OpenShift is enabled with the feature of source code management, build automation, and deployment automation which makes it very popular in the market as a Platform as a Service provider.
Competitors of OpenShift
Google App Engine − 这是 Google用于开发和托管 Web 应用程序的免费平台。Google 的应用程序引擎提供快速开发和部署平台。
Google App Engine − This is Google’s free platform for developing and hosting web applications. Google’s app engine offers fast development and deployment platform.
Microsoft Azure − Azure 云由 Microsoft 托管在其数据中心上。
Microsoft Azure − Azure cloud is hosted by Microsoft on their data centers.
Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute − 它们是 Amazon 提供的内置服务，有助于在云上开发和托管可扩展的 Web 应用程序。
Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute − They are built-in services provided by Amazon, which help in developing and hosting scalable web applications on cloud.
Cloud Foundry − 是适用于 Java、Ruby、Python 和 Node.js 应用程序的开源 PaaS 平台。
Cloud Foundry − is an open source PaaS platform for Java, Ruby, Python, and Node.js applications.
CloudStack − Apache 的 CloudStack 是由 Citrix 开发的一个项目，旨在成为 OpenShift 和 OpenStack 的直接竞争对手。
CloudStack − Apache’s CloudStack is a project developed by Citrix and is designed to become a direct competitor of OpenShift and OpenStack.
OpenStack − 红帽提供的另一种用于云计算的云技术。
OpenStack − Another cloud technology provided by Red Hat for cloud computing.
Kubernetes − 它是为管理 Docker 容器而构建的直接编排和集群管理技术。
Kubernetes − It is a direct orchestration and cluster management technology built to manage Docker container.