Unix Sockets 简明教程
Unix Socket - Server Examples
若要使进程成为 TCP 服务器，您需要遵循以下步骤 −
-
使用 socket() 系统调用创建一个套接字。
-
使用 bind() 系统调用将套接字绑定到一个地址。对于 Internet 上的服务器套接字来说，一个地址由主机上的端口号组成。
-
用 listen() 系统调用侦听连接。
-
使用 accept() 系统调用接受连接。该调用通常会阻塞，直到客户端连接到服务器。
-
使用 read() 和 write() 系统调用发送和接收数据。
现在我们将这些步骤放在源代码的形式中。将此代码添加到文件 server.c 中，并使用 gcc 编译器进行编译。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
int sockfd, newsockfd, portno, clilen;
char buffer[256];
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;
int n;
/* First call to socket() function */
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) {
perror("ERROR opening socket");
exit(1);
}
/* Initialize socket structure */
bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
portno = 5001;
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);
/* Now bind the host address using bind() call.*/
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
perror("ERROR on binding");
exit(1);
}
/* Now start listening for the clients, here process will
* go in sleep mode and will wait for the incoming connection
*/
listen(sockfd,5);
clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
/* Accept actual connection from the client */
newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cli_addr, &clilen);
if (newsockfd < 0) {
perror("ERROR on accept");
exit(1);
}
/* If connection is established then start communicating */
bzero(buffer,256);
n = read( newsockfd,buffer,255 );
if (n < 0) {
perror("ERROR reading from socket");
exit(1);
}
printf("Here is the message: %s\n",buffer);
/* Write a response to the client */
n = write(newsockfd,"I got your message",18);
if (n < 0) {
perror("ERROR writing to socket");
exit(1);
}
return 0;
}Handle Multiple Connections
为了允许服务器处理多个同时连接，我们在上述代码中进行了以下更改 -
-
将 accept 语句和以下代码放在一个无限循环中。
-
在建立连接之后，调用 fork() 创建一个新进程。
-
子进程将关闭 sockfd 并调用 doprocessing 函数，将新的套接字文件描述符作为参数传递。当 doprocessing() 返回表示两个进程已完成其对话后，此进程便退出。
-
父进程关闭 newsockfd。由于所有这些代码都在一个无限循环中，它将返回到 accept 语句等待下一个连接。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
void doprocessing (int sock);
int main( int argc, char *argv[] ) {
int sockfd, newsockfd, portno, clilen;
char buffer[256];
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, cli_addr;
int n, pid;
/* First call to socket() function */
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) {
perror("ERROR opening socket");
exit(1);
}
/* Initialize socket structure */
bzero((char *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
portno = 5001;
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(portno);
/* Now bind the host address using bind() call.*/
if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
perror("ERROR on binding");
exit(1);
}
/* Now start listening for the clients, here
* process will go in sleep mode and will wait
* for the incoming connection
*/
listen(sockfd,5);
clilen = sizeof(cli_addr);
while (1) {
newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr, &clilen);
if (newsockfd < 0) {
perror("ERROR on accept");
exit(1);
}
/* Create child process */
pid = fork();
if (pid < 0) {
perror("ERROR on fork");
exit(1);
}
if (pid == 0) {
/* This is the client process */
close(sockfd);
doprocessing(newsockfd);
exit(0);
}
else {
close(newsockfd);
}
} /* end of while */
}以下代码片段展示了 doprocessing 函数的简单实现。
void doprocessing (int sock) {
int n;
char buffer[256];
bzero(buffer,256);
n = read(sock,buffer,255);
if (n < 0) {
perror("ERROR reading from socket");
exit(1);
}
printf("Here is the message: %s\n",buffer);
n = write(sock,"I got your message",18);
if (n < 0) {
perror("ERROR writing to socket");
exit(1);
}
}