Functional Programming With Java 简明教程

Functional Programming - Method References

方法引用有助于按方法的名称指向方法。使用“::”符号来描述方法引用。方法引用可用于指向以下类型的：

  1. Static methods - 可以使用类名::方法名表示法引用静态方法。

//Method Reference - Static way
Factory vehicle_factory_static = VehicleFactory::prepareVehicleInStaticMode;

  1. Instance methods - 可以使用对象::方法名表示法引用实例方法。

//Method Reference - Instance way
Factory vehicle_factory_instance = new VehicleFactory()::prepareVehicle;

以下示例展示了从 Java 8 开始，方法引用在 Java 中的工作原理。

interface Factory {
   Vehicle prepare(String make, String model, int year);
}

class Vehicle {
   private String make;
   private String model;
   private int year;

   Vehicle(String make, String model, int year){
      this.make = make;
      this.model = model;
      this.year = year;
   }

   public String toString(){
      return "Vehicle[" + make +", " + model + ", " + year+ "]";
   }
}

class VehicleFactory {
   static Vehicle prepareVehicleInStaticMode(String make, String model, int year){
      return new Vehicle(make, model, year);
   }

   Vehicle prepareVehicle(String make, String model, int year){
      return new Vehicle(make, model, year);
   }
}

public class FunctionTester {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      //Method Reference - Static way
      Factory vehicle_factory_static = VehicleFactory::prepareVehicleInStaticMode;
      Vehicle carHyundai = vehicle_factory_static.prepare("Hyundai", "Verna", 2018);
      System.out.println(carHyundai);

      //Method Reference - Instance way
      Factory vehicle_factory_instance = new VehicleFactory()::prepareVehicle;
      Vehicle carTata = vehicle_factory_instance.prepare("Tata", "Harrier", 2019);
      System.out.println(carTata);
   }
}

Output

Vehicle[Hyundai, Verna, 2018]
Vehicle[Tata, Harrier, 2019]