Spring 简明教程

Spring - Environment Setup

本章将指导你如何准备一个开发环境来开始你使用 Spring Framework 的工作。它还将教你如何在设置 Spring Framework 之前在你的机器上设置 JDK、Tomcat 和 Eclipse −

This chapter will guide you on how to prepare a development environment to start your work with Spring Framework. It will also teach you how to set up JDK, Tomcat and Eclipse on your machine before you set up Spring Framework −

Step 1 - Setup Java Development Kit (JDK)

你可以从 Oracle 的 Java 站点下载 SDK 的最新版本 − Java SE Downloads. 你在下载文件中可以找到安装 JDK 的说明，按照给定的说明进行安装和配置。最后设置 PATH 和 JAVA_HOME 环境变量以引用包含 java 和 javac 的目录，通常分别为 java_install_dir/bin 和 java_install_dir。

You can download the latest version of SDK from Oracle’s Java site − Java SE Downloads. You will find instructions for installing JDK in downloaded files, follow the given instructions to install and configure the setup. Finally set PATH and JAVA_HOME environment variables to refer to the directory that contains java and javac, typically java_install_dir/bin and java_install_dir respectively.

如果你正在运行 Windows 并在 C:\jdk1.6.0_15 中安装了 JDK，则需要在你的 C:\autoexec.bat 文件中放入以下行。

If you are running Windows and have installed the JDK in C:\jdk1.6.0_15, you would have to put the following line in your C:\autoexec.bat file.

set PATH=C:\jdk1.6.0_15\bin;%PATH%
set JAVA_HOME=C:\jdk1.6.0_15

或者，在 Windows NT/2000/XP 中，你必须右键单击我的电脑，选择属性 → 高级 → 环境变量。然后，你将不得不更新 PATH 值并单击确定按钮。

Alternatively, on Windows NT/2000/XP, you will have to right-click on My Computer, select Properties → Advanced → Environment Variables. Then, you will have to update the PATH value and click the OK button.

在 Unix（Solaris、Linux 等）上，如果 SDK 安装在 /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_15 中，并且你使用 C shell，则必须将以下内容放入你的 .cshrc 文件中。

On Unix (Solaris, Linux, etc.), if the SDK is installed in /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_15 and you use the C shell, you will have to put the following into your .cshrc file.

setenv PATH /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_15/bin:$PATH
setenv JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_15

或者，如果你使用诸如 Borland JBuilder、Eclipse、IntelliJ IDEA 或 Sun ONE Studio 这样的集成开发环境 (IDE)，则必须编译并运行一个简单程序来确认 IDE 知道你在何处安装了 Java。否则，你必须按照 IDE 文档中给出的内容执行正确的设置。

Alternatively, if you use an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like Borland JBuilder, Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, or Sun ONE Studio, you will have to compile and run a simple program to confirm that the IDE knows where you have installed Java. Otherwise, you will have to carry out a proper setup as given in the document of the IDE.

Step 2 - Install Apache Common Logging API

你可以从 https://commons.apache.org/logging/ 下载 Apache Commons Logging API 的最新版本。下载安装后，将二进制发行版解压缩到方便的位置。例如，在 Windows 上的 C:\commons-logging-1.1.1，或在 Linux/Unix 上的 /usr/local/commons-logging-1.1.1。此目录将具有以下 jar 文件和其他支持文档等。

You can download the latest version of Apache Commons Logging API from https://commons.apache.org/logging/. Once you download the installation, unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location. For example, in C:\commons-logging-1.1.1 on Windows, or /usr/local/commons-logging-1.1.1 on Linux/Unix. This directory will have the following jar files and other supporting documents, etc.

确保正确设置此目录上的 CLASSPATH 变量，否则在运行应用程序时会遇到问题。

Make sure you set your CLASSPATH variable on this directory properly otherwise you will face a problem while running your application.

Step 3 - Setup Eclipse IDE

本教程中的所有示例都是使用 Eclipse IDE 编写的。因此，我们建议你应该在你机器上安装 Eclipse 的最新版本。

All the examples in this tutorial have been written using Eclipse IDE. So we would suggest you should have the latest version of Eclipse installed on your machine.

要安装 Eclipse IDE，请从 https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ 下载最新的 Eclipse 二进制文件。下载安装后，将二进制发行版解压缩到方便的位置。例如，在 Windows 上的 C:\eclipse，或在 Linux/Unix 上的 /usr/local/eclipse，最后适当设置 PATH 变量。

To install Eclipse IDE, download the latest Eclipse binaries from https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/. Once you download the installation, unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location. For example, in C:\eclipse on Windows, or /usr/local/eclipse on Linux/Unix and finally set PATH variable appropriately.

可以通过在 Windows 机器上执行以下命令启动 Eclipse，或者你只需双击 eclipse.exe

Eclipse can be started by executing the following commands on Windows machine, or you can simply double-click on eclipse.exe

%C:\eclipse\eclipse.exe

可以通过在 Unix（Solaris、Linux 等）机器上执行以下命令启动 Eclipse −

Eclipse can be started by executing the following commands on Unix (Solaris, Linux, etc.) machine −

$/usr/local/eclipse/eclipse

成功启动后，如果一切正常，它应该显示以下结果 −

After a successful startup, if everything is fine then it should display the following result −

Step 4 - Setup Spring Framework Libraries

现在，如果一切正常，则可以继续在你的机器上设置 Spring 框架。以下是下载和安装框架的简单步骤。

Now if everything is fine, then you can proceed to set up your Spring framework. Following are the simple steps to download and install the framework on your machine.

Make a choice whether you want to install Spring on Windows or Unix, and then proceed to the next step to download .zip file for Windows and .tz file for Unix.
Download the latest version of Spring framework binaries from https://repo.spring.io/release/org/springframework/spring.
At the time of developing this tutorial, spring-framework-4.1.6.RELEASE-dist.zip was downloaded on Windows machine. After the downloaded file was unzipped, it gives the following directory structure inside E:\spring.

你将在目录 E:\spring\libs 中找到所有 Spring 库。确保正确设置此目录上的 CLASSPATH 变量，否则在运行应用程序时会遇到问题。如果你正在使用 Eclipse，则不需要设置 CLASSPATH，因为所有设置都将通过 Eclipse 完成。

You will find all the Spring libraries in the directory E:\spring\libs. Make sure you set your CLASSPATH variable on this directory properly otherwise you will face a problem while running your application. If you are using Eclipse, then it is not required to set CLASSPATH because all the setting will be done through Eclipse.

一旦完成最后一步，你就可以继续在下一章中进入你的第一个 Spring 示例了。

Once you are done with this last step, you are ready to proceed to your first Spring Example in the next chapter.